CN115896647A - Manufacturing process method of heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for atmosphere protection annealing furnace - Google Patents
Manufacturing process method of heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for atmosphere protection annealing furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN115896647A CN115896647A CN202211437071.9A CN202211437071A CN115896647A CN 115896647 A CN115896647 A CN 115896647A CN 202211437071 A CN202211437071 A CN 202211437071A CN 115896647 A CN115896647 A CN 115896647A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank materials, and discloses a heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace. The material comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.08 percent; si:1.50-3.0%; mn is less than or equal to 2.00 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.035%; s is less than or equal to 0.020%; ni:19.0 to 21.0 percent; cr:24.0 to 26.0 percent; mo is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; co is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; al is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the invention has reasonable component design and reasonably controls the proportion of each element, so that the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the produced heat-resistant steel seamless pipe are both in better states; after smelting, continuously adopting electroslag remelting to improve the purity of the metal, and avoiding the phenomenon that a small amount of gas in the metal oxidizes the metal to influence the corrosion resistance of the heat-resistant steel seamless pipe; the manufacturing process has simple steps, low cost and convenient popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank materials, in particular to a manufacturing process method of a heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace.
Background
A seamless steel pipe is a long steel product having a hollow cross section and having no joint at the periphery. The general manufacturing method of the seamless steel pipe is as follows: making a steel ingot or a solid pipe blank into a tubular billet through perforation, and then hot rolling, cold rolling or cold drawing to obtain the hollow billet; the development and development of heat-resistant steel seamless pipes have been developed along with the development of industrial demands, starting in the thirties of the last century. At first, because the service temperature is lower and is generally less than or equal to 450 ℃, the strength requirement is not high, and low-carbon steel such as No. 10 and No. 20 high-quality carbon steel is generally adopted. With the development of the power industry, low carbon steel has not been able to meet the requirements in order to meet the requirements for increasing the steam parameters of boilers, and low alloy hot strength steel containing Mo has begun to appear.
After the existing heat-resistant steel seamless pipe is smelted, a small amount of gas still can be contained in metal, so that the metal is oxidized, the metal is impure, and the corrosion resistance of the heat-resistant steel seamless pipe is influenced; meanwhile, poor control of the amount of each element in the alloy may adversely affect the corrosion resistance and heat resistance of the heat-resistant steel seamless pipe during use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a manufacturing process method of a heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.08 percent; si:1.50-3.0%; mn is less than or equal to 2.00 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.035%; s is less than or equal to 0.020%; ni:19.0 to 21.0 percent; cr:24.0 to 26.0 percent; mo is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; co is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; al is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the balance being Fe.
Preferably, the material comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c:0.08 percent; si:1.5 percent; mn:2.00 percent; p:0.015 percent; s:0.020%; ni:19.1 percent; cr:26.0 percent; mo:0.1 percent; co:0.5 percent; AL:0.20 percent; the balance being Fe.
Preferably, the material comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c:0.045%; si:2.0 percent; mn:0.60 percent; p:0.030%; s:0.015 percent; ni:19.5 percent; cr:25.0 percent; mo:0.3 percent; co:0.4 percent; AL:0.10 percent; the balance being Fe.
Preferably, the material comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c:0.01 percent; si:3.0 percent; mn:0.10 percent; p:0.035%; s:0.005 percent; ni:21.0 percent; cr:24.0 percent; mo:0.5 percent; co:0.1 percent; AL:0.05 percent; the balance being Fe.
A manufacturing process method of a heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace comprises the following steps:
a. raw material preparation
(1) The optimized raw materials have no oil stain and impurities, and the materials are dried and meet the smelting technical requirements;
(2) Baking raw materials, lime, fluorite and ferroalloy according to a process system (the baking temperature is more than 600 ℃ and the baking time is more than 2 hours);
(3) The batch list can be used for executing production after being checked and signed.
b. Intermediate frequency smelting
(1) The current smelting steel grade can not influence the components of the steel grade, and no residual steel exists in the furnace;
(2) The charging sequence is as follows: returning steel stub bar → returning material → ferronickel → high carbon chromium → ferromolybdenum → deoxidized slag,
(3) Melting with high power, adding deoxidized slag materials of lime and fluorite for slagging after melting down, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation; the refining temperature is 1580-1600 ℃, the refining time is more than 60 minutes, and the deoxidation and white slag making are kept for more than 30 minutes; alloying and adjusting main components to be in a qualified range, and adjusting the tapping temperature to be 1590-1630 ℃;
(4) And (4) adding a steel ladle, baking the steel ladle at a temperature of more than 800 ℃, baking the steel ladle in place in dark red, and casting the electrode rod.
c. Electroslag remelting
(1) Cleaning impurities on the surface of the electrode, cutting the end part flat, and baking slag materials according to the process;
(2) The slag system is CaF2: AL2O3: caO: mgO =65:20:10:5;
(3) Voltage 55-60V, current: 6500-8500A;
(4) Diameter of electroslag ingot
And the thickness is 280mm, the later period is fully fed, no shrinkage cavity is ensured, and the steel ingot is cooled in air.
d. Forging
(1) A steel ingot heating process: 1160-1180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for more than 5 hours;
(2) The initial forging temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃;
(3) And (5) forging the square bar and air cooling.
e. Hot-rolled bar
(1) Inspecting the quality of the rod, and grinding to remove the defects of heavy skin, cracks and the like on the surface;
(2) Charging and heating at 1180-1200 deg.c for over 4 hr, and regulating the heat maintaining time based on the size of the ingot;
(4) The initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃; the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃, the rolled bar specification phi is 65mm, and air cooling is carried out;
(5) And (4) carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the bar, and removing the defects.
f. Peeling and machining
(1) Peeling the bar to remove surface oxide skin and crack defects;
(2) After the optical rod is qualified, the sizing and cutting are determined according to the requirements of the tube blank;
(3) And drilling a guide hole phi of 18-25 mm and a depth of 30-50mm at one end of the optical rod with a fixed size by using a machine tool.
g. Pipe making process
(1) The pipe penetration heating process system is 1150-1180 ℃, the heat preservation is more than 40 minutes, the pipe penetration temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the pipe penetration temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
(2) During tube penetration, the temperature of each tube is measured by an infrared temperature measuring gun before each tube is discharged from the furnace and penetrates, and the temperature is controlled to meet the requirement of processing the tube;
(3) The outer diameter phi of the specification size of the pipe penetration is 70mm, the wall thickness is 9-10mm, the length is more than 2000mm, and the pipe penetration is cooled by water;
(4) And marking a pipe blank by batch number.
Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing process method of the heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace has the following advantages:
1. the manufacturing process method of the heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace reasonably controls the proportion of each element, so that the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the produced heat-resistant steel seamless tube are both in a better state.
2. According to the manufacturing process method of the heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace, after smelting, electroslag remelting is continuously adopted to improve the purity of metal, and the problem that a small amount of gas in the metal oxidizes the metal to influence the corrosion resistance of a heat-resistant steel seamless tube is avoided.
3. The manufacturing process method of the heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace has the advantages of simple manufacturing process steps, low cost and convenience in popularization.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the objects, structures, features and functions of the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail.
Example 1:
a heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c:0.08 percent; si:1.5 percent; mn:2.00 percent; p:0.015 percent; s:0.020%; ni:19.1 percent; cr:26.0 percent; mo:0.1 percent; co:0.5 percent; AL:0.20 percent; the balance being Fe.
Example 2:
a heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c:0.045%; si:2.0 percent; mn:0.60 percent; p:0.030%; s:0.015%; ni:19.5 percent; cr:25.0 percent; mo:0.3 percent; co:0.4 percent; AL:0.10 percent; the balance being Fe.
Example 3:
a heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c:0.01 percent; si:3.0 percent; mn:0.10 percent; p:0.035%; s:0.005 percent; ni:21.0 percent; cr:24.0 percent; mo:0.5 percent; co:0.1 percent; AL:0.05 percent; the balance being Fe.
The preparation process of the heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material of the three embodiments comprises the following steps:
a. raw material preparation
(1) The optimized raw materials have no oil stain and impurities, and the materials are dried and meet the smelting technical requirements;
(2) Baking raw materials, lime, fluorite and ferroalloy according to a process system (the baking temperature is more than 600 ℃ and the baking time is more than 2 hours);
(3) The batch list can be used for executing production after being checked and signed.
b. Intermediate frequency smelting
(1) The current smelting steel grade can not influence the components of the steel grade, and no residual steel exists in the furnace;
(2) The charging sequence is as follows: returning steel stub bar → returning material → ferronickel → high carbon chromium → ferromolybdenum → deoxidized slag,
(3) Melting with high power, adding deoxidized slag materials of lime and fluorite for slagging after melting down, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation; the refining temperature is 1580-1600 ℃, the refining time is more than 60 minutes, and the deoxidation and white slag making are kept for more than 30 minutes; alloying and adjusting main components to be in a qualified range, and adjusting the tapping temperature to be 1590-1630 ℃;
(4) And (4) adding a steel ladle, baking the steel ladle to be more than 800 ℃, baking the steel ladle to be in place in dark red, and casting the electrode rod.
c. Electroslag remelting
(1) Cleaning impurities on the surface of the electrode, cutting the end part flat, and baking slag materials according to the process;
(2) The slag system is CaF2: AL2O3: caO: mgO =65:20:10:5;
(3) Voltage 55-60V, current: 6500-8500A;
(4) Diameter of electroslag ingot
And the thickness is 280mm, the later period is fully fed, no shrinkage cavity is ensured, and the steel ingot is cooled in air. />
d. Forging
(1) A steel ingot heating process: 1160-1180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for more than 5 hours;
(2) The initial forging temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃;
(3) And (5) forging the square bar and air cooling.
e. Hot-rolled bar
(1) Inspecting the quality of the rod, and grinding to remove the defects of heavy skin, cracks and the like on the surface;
(2) Charging and heating at 1180-1200 deg.c for over 4 hr, and regulating the heat maintaining time based on the size of the ingot;
(4) The initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃; the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃, the rolled bar specification phi is 65mm, and air cooling is carried out;
(5) And (4) carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the bar, and removing the defects.
f. Peeling and machining
(1) Peeling the bar to remove surface oxide skin and crack defects;
(2) After the optical rod is qualified, the sizing and cutting are determined according to the requirements of the tube blank;
(3) And drilling a lead hole phi of 18-25 mm and a depth of 30-50mm at one end of the sized optical rod by using a machine tool.
g. Pipe making process
(1) The pipe penetration heating process system is 1150-1180 ℃, the heat preservation is more than 40 minutes, the pipe penetration temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final pipe penetration temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
(2) During tube penetration, the temperature of each tube is measured by an infrared temperature measuring gun before each tube is discharged from the furnace and penetrates, and the temperature is controlled to meet the requirement of processing the tube;
(3) The outer diameter phi of the specification size of the pipe penetration is 70mm, the wall thickness is 9-10mm, the length is more than 2000mm, and the pipe penetration is cooled by water;
(4) And marking a pipe blank by batch number.
The invention has reasonable component design and reasonably controls the proportion of each element, so that the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the produced heat-resistant steel seamless pipe are both in better states; after smelting, continuously adopting electroslag remelting to improve the purity of the metal, and avoiding the phenomenon that a small amount of gas in the metal oxidizes the metal to influence the corrosion resistance of the heat-resistant steel seamless pipe; the manufacturing process has simple steps, low cost and convenient popularization.
The present invention has been described in relation to the above embodiments, which are only exemplary of the implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Rather, it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims (5)
1. A heat-resistant steel seamless tube blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.08 percent; si:1.50 to 3.0 percent; mn is less than or equal to 2.00 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.035%; s is less than or equal to 0.020%; ni:19.0 to 21.0 percent; cr:24.0 to 26.0 percent; mo is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; co is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; al is less than or equal to 0.20 percent; the balance being Fe.
2. The heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the element composition and the weight percentage content of each component of the material are as follows: c:0.08 percent; si:1.5 percent; mn:2.00 percent; p:0.015%; s:0.020%; ni:19.1 percent; cr:26.0 percent; mo:0.1 percent; co:0.5 percent; AL:0.20 percent; the balance being Fe.
3. The heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the element composition and the weight percentage content of each component of the material are as follows: c:0.045%; si:2.0 percent; mn:0.60 percent; p:0.030%; s:0.015 percent; ni:19.5 percent; cr:25.0 percent; mo:0.3 percent; co:0.4 percent; AL:0.10 percent; the balance being Fe.
4. The heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for the atmosphere protection annealing furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the element composition and the weight percentage content of each component of the material are as follows: c:0.01 percent; si:3.0 percent; mn:0.10 percent; p:0.035%; s:0.005 percent; ni:21.0 percent; cr:24.0 percent; mo:0.5 percent; co:0.1 percent; AL:0.05 percent; the balance being Fe.
5. A manufacturing process method of a heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for an atmosphere protection annealing furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. raw material preparation
(1) The optimized raw materials have no oil stain and impurities, and the materials are dried and meet the smelting technical requirements;
(2) Baking raw materials, lime, fluorite and ferroalloy according to a process system (the baking temperature is more than 600 ℃ and the baking time is more than 2 hours);
(3) The batch list can be used for executing production after being checked and signed.
b. Intermediate frequency smelting
(1) The components of the steel grade cannot be influenced in the current smelting steel grade, and no steel residue exists in the furnace;
(2) The charging sequence is as follows: returning steel stub bar → returning material → ferronickel → high carbon chromium → ferromolybdenum → deoxidized slag,
(3) Melting with high power, adding deoxidized slag materials of lime and fluorite for slagging after melting down, and adding a deoxidizer for deoxidation; the refining temperature is 1580-1600 ℃, the refining time is more than 60 minutes, and the deoxidation and white slag making are kept for more than 30 minutes; alloying and adjusting main components to be in a qualified range, and adjusting the tapping temperature to be 1590-1630 ℃;
(4) And (4) adding a steel ladle, baking the steel ladle at a temperature of more than 800 ℃, baking the steel ladle in place in dark red, and casting the electrode rod.
c. Electroslag remelting
(1) Cleaning impurities on the surface of the electrode, cutting the end part flat, and baking slag materials according to the process;
(2) The slag system is CaF2: AL2O3: caO: mgO =65:20:10:5;
(3) Voltage 55-60V, current: 6500-8500A;
(4) Diameter of electroslag ingot
And (4) fully feeding in the later period to ensure no shrinkage cavity and air cooling of steel ingots.
d. Forging
(1) A steel ingot heating process: 1160-1180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for more than 5 hours;
(2) The initial forging temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃;
(3) And (5) forging the square bar and air cooling.
e. Hot-rolled bar
(1) Inspecting quality of the rod, and grinding to remove defects such as heavy skin and cracks on the surface;
(2) Charging and heating at 1180-1200 deg.c for over 4 hr, and regulating the heat maintaining time based on the size of the ingot;
(4) The initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃; the finishing temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃, the rolling rod specification phi is 65mm, and air cooling is carried out;
(5) And (4) carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the bar, and removing the defects.
f. Peeling and machining
(1) Peeling off the bar to remove surface oxide skin and crack defects;
(2) After the optical rod is qualified, the sizing and cutting are determined according to the requirements of the tube blank;
(3) And drilling a lead hole phi of 18-25 mm and a depth of 30-50mm at one end of the sized optical rod by using a machine tool.
g. Pipe making process
(1) The pipe penetration heating process system is 1150-1180 ℃, the heat preservation is more than 40 minutes, the pipe penetration temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final pipe penetration temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
(2) During tube penetration, the temperature of each tube is measured by an infrared temperature measuring gun before each tube is discharged from the furnace and penetrates through the tube, and the temperature is controlled to meet the requirement of tube penetration processing;
(3) The outer diameter phi of the specification size of the pipe penetration is 70mm, the wall thickness is 9-10mm, the length is more than 2000mm, and the pipe penetration is cooled by water;
(4) And marking a pipe blank by batch number.
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2022
- 2022-11-16 CN CN202211437071.9A patent/CN115896647A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009084606A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Austenitic stainless steel for use in high temperature superior in workability after long period of use |
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| Title |
|---|
| 中国核学会主编: "《中国核科学技术进展报告 第2卷-中国核学会2011年学术年会论文集 第4册 核材料分卷 同位素分离分卷 核化学与放射化学分卷》", vol. 1, 《中国原子能出版社》, pages: 367 - 368 * |
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