CN1111707C - 通过泵液氮生产高压氮的低温空气分离方法 - Google Patents

通过泵液氮生产高压氮的低温空气分离方法 Download PDF

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CN1111707C
CN1111707C CN94115301A CN94115301A CN1111707C CN 1111707 C CN1111707 C CN 1111707C CN 94115301 A CN94115301 A CN 94115301A CN 94115301 A CN94115301 A CN 94115301A CN 1111707 C CN1111707 C CN 1111707C
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R·阿格拉瓦尔
B·-K·多森
J·A·霍金斯
J·-G·徐
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Abstract

本发明的低温空气分离法具有三个特点:(1)将来自塔系统的富氮液的至少一部分在气化和作为产品放出之前升压;(2)与升压的富氮流间接热交换使至少一部分进料空气至少部分冷凝;和(3)将由来自高压塔顶的氮蒸气冷凝的一部分液氮返回高压塔回流,其余部分从塔系统中移出。

Description

通过泵液氮生产高压氮的低温空气分离方法
本发明的方法涉及通过空气的低温蒸馏生产加压氧和氮产品的方法。
有多种情形,它们同时要求加压氧和加压氮。由于设备成本和动力成本是生产成本的重要方面,因此本发明的目的在于降低生产加压氧和氮产品方法的设备成本或动力成本,或者两者成本。
US 5,148,680公开了一种泵液氧(LOX)和泵液氮(LIN)方法,该方法通过首先将液氧和液氮的压力升高到更高的压力,并用部分进料空气通过热交换温热它们,从而至少部分地冷凝该部分空气,从该冷却箱在升高的压力下直接生产氧和氮产品。将高压塔顶的一部分冷凝氮进入低压塔回流。
本发明涉及分离压缩的进料空气流以生产高压氧和氮气的方法,该方法包括:(a)采用具有低压塔和高压塔的双塔系统;(b)向高压塔喂入至少一部分压缩并冷却的进料空气;(c)在高压塔将(b)步骤的进料空气部分分离成氮蒸气和富氧液体;(d)将富氧液体从高压塔的底部喂至低压塔的中间点;(e)至少冷凝一部分高压塔的富氮蒸气,从而产生液氮流;将部分液氮流返回至高压塔顶;并从双塔系统中移出剩余部分的液氮;(f)增加从双塔系统中移出的富氮液体的压力;(g)通过与(f)步骤的高压富氮液流间接热交换使一部分进料空气冷却并至少部分地冷凝;和(h)从低压塔中移出氧流和至少含80%氮气的蒸气流。
本发明还涉及上述方法,其中步骤(h)的氧流是液体,并且将液氧流的压力升至更高压力,并通过与第二部分进料空气间接热交换进行气化,从而使该部分进料空气至少部分冷凝。
根据本发明的优选方法,其中所述步骤(f)的富氮液体取自高压塔的中间位置。
根据本发明的优选方法,其中用于高压空气流等熵膨胀的膨胀器与一个压缩机相连。
根据本发明的优选方法,其中与膨胀器相连的压缩机用于压缩压力高于高压塔的空气流。
根据本发明的优选方法,其中用于高压空气流等熵膨胀的膨胀器与电机相连。图1至3为本发明三个实施方案的流程图。
本发明方法具有三个重要特征:(1)在被气化和作为产品放出之前,将塔系统的至少一部分富氮液体压力升高;(2)在与所述升高压力的富氮流进行间接热交换中使至少一部分进料空气至少部分冷凝;(3)将一部分来自高压塔顶的氮蒸气冷凝后得到的液氮返回高压塔回流,将剩余部分从塔系统中移出。
在优选方案中,在步骤(3)离开塔系统的另一部分液氮是步骤(1)的富氮液。当将步骤(1)的富氮液从塔系统的不同位置抽出时,步骤(3)的其它部分的液氮流可以是零。
在最优选方案中,将塔系统的一部分液氧泵至更高压力,并且与一部分至少部分冷凝的进料空气流进行热交换将其蒸发。该方法将共生产高压氧产品流。
参考几个具体实施方案可以详细地了解本发明的方法。
图1示出了本发明的一个实施方案。参考图1,管线100,被压缩并且无污染物的进料空气首先分成两个支流,管线102和管线120。第一支流(管线102)在热交换器1中被冷却至低温并与膨胀器流出物(管线108)混合,形成高压塔进料(管线110),然后将其喂入高压塔5。另一支流(管线120)被压缩机14进一步增压、令却,然后再分成两部分,管线140和管线124。将第一部分(管线140)在热交换器2中冷却至中间温度,然后在膨胀器12中膨胀。膨胀器流出物(管线108)与第一部分冷却空气(管线106)混合形成高压塔进料(管线110)。用与膨胀器12连接的压缩机11进一步压缩第二部分(管线124)。然后对进一步压缩的第二部分进行后冷却,进步一在热交换器2中冷却至温度低于-128.9℃(-200°F),优选低于-156.7℃(-250°F)(变成密度大的流体),并分成两部分,管线157和管线158。可将第一部分密度大的流体(管线157)于中间位置喂入高压塔5中。剩余部分(管线158)在低温令却器3中进一步低温冷却。然后将低温冷却部分(管线162)喂入低压塔6的顶部中回流。
喂入高压塔5的进料,管线110和管线157,被蒸馏和分离成氮蒸气流和富氧底液。氮蒸气于装在低压塔6底部的重沸器/冷凝器中被冷凝。一部分液氮被回流到高压塔5。剩余部分(管线40)被分成液氮产品(管线600),和将被升压的液氮(管线410)。要升压的液氮(管线410)由泵13泵至更高压力,并在热交换器2中加热和气化,产生高压并接近室温的氮气产品(管线400)。
将高压塔5的富氧底液(管线10)喂入低压塔6的中间位置。该底液以及通入低压塔6顶的液态进料空气(管线162)在低压塔6中被蒸馏并被分成液氧底液和至少含80%氮的富氮塔顶流出物。将一部分液氧底液(管线20)从低压塔6的底部移出,然后分成两部分,液氧产品(管线700)和另一部分,该部分将在热交换器1中气化并加热至接近室温,作为氧气产品移出(管线200)。将富氮塔顶流出物从低压塔6的顶部移出(管线30),在低温冷却器3中加热并分成两部分,管线304和管线312。然后在热交换器1和2中分别将这两部分加热至室温,随后排出或用于空气清洗吸收床再生。
图2所示的具体方案与图1所示相似。其区别为,第一,将第二压缩进料空气支流(管线124)进一步压缩,然后分成两部分,管线144和管线126。在热交换器4中与温热的氧气流间接热交换而冷却第一部分(管线126),并在热交换器4的中间位置分成两部分流体,管线130和管线148。在热交换器4中与温热的氧通过间接热交换将第一部分流体(管线130)进一步冷却至低于空气临界温度。将另一部分(管线144)与由热交换器4中间部位来的流体(管线148)一起在热交换器2中冷却,并进一步冷却至-140.0℃(-220°F)以下,优选低于-156.7℃(-250°F)。然后将冷却至低于-140.0℃(-220°F)的高压空气流(管线152和管线132)合并。第二,用泵15将由低压塔6来的液氧(管线20)泵成高压,然后在热交换器4中气化并加热至室温。最后,作为一种选择,可将不纯的液氮流(管线42)从高压塔的中间位置抽出,在低温冷却器3的冷却段低温冷却,然后随液态空气(管线158)喂入低压塔6的顶部。
图3是本发明的另一个具体方案。图3具体方案与图2具体方案的区别在于将从高压塔5中间位置抽出的不纯液氮流(管线42),在低温冷却器3的冷却段低温冷却并喂入低压塔6的顶部,而液态空气(管线158)喂入低压塔6的中间位置。该具体方案的其余部分与图2相同。
正如上文所述,本发明不同于US5,148,680所指导的方法(背景技术方法)。在该背景技术方法中由高压塔顶部的氮蒸气冷凝的液氮流出回流入低压塔,而在本发明中,由高压塔顶部的氮蒸气冷凝的液氮被部分地回流入高压塔,部分地从蒸馏塔系统中取出。在本发明中,该液氮没有被喂入低压塔回流。
很明显,与US5,148,680相比本发明具有压缩机械成本低的优点,当采用图1和图2的具体方案时本发明的循环消除了低压塔的顶段,这样可以进一步节约投资。当采用图3具体方案时,该方法可通过优化塔盘(在该塔盘上回流到低压塔的杂质被除掉)能最佳化地回收氧气和氮气。最佳化地回收可以节约资金或动力,或者节约资金和动力。模拟使用图2具体方案的结果列于下表。氧产品(流体200)和氮产品(流体400和600)的纯度分别为98%O2和6vppm O2
流体号 100 122 140 152 158 200 300
温度:℃(°F) 40(104.0) 40(104.0) 40(104.0) -171.6(-276.9) -166.6(-267.9) 23.2(73.8) 31.55(88.8)
压力:MPa(psia) 0.590(85.5) 5.171(750) 5.171(750) 7.929(1,150) 7.090(1028.3) 9.998(1,450) 0.112(16.2)
温速:kg-mol/hr(1bmol/hr) 45.35(100.0) 33.10(73.0) 15.10(33.3) 14.05(31.0) 14.05(31.0) 7.85(17.3) 15.30(33.7)
流体号 310 400 20 40 600 42 800
温度:℃(°F) 28.8(83.8) 31.55(88.8) -179.4(-291.0) -177.9(-288.2) -177.9(-288.2) -177.9(-288.2) 28.8(83.8)
压力:MPa(psia) 0.103(15) 7.815(1,133.5) 0.146(21.2) 0.550(79.7) 0.550(79.7) 0.550(79.76) 0.590(85.5)
温速:kg-mol/hr(1bmol/hr) 10.75(23.7) 9.2(20.3) 7.85(17.3) 12.25(27.0) 0.05(.1) 0.80(1.8) 2.20(4.9)
特别是当将不完全冷凝的进料空气部分的一部分随不纯回流物喂入低压塔顶部时和在产品压力高的场合,本发明意想不到的益处在于由于低压塔无氮回流造成的低氧回收,就不会引起总的能量损失或资金损失。当同时需要高压氧和氮时本发明的方法特别优越。
参照上述几个具体实施方案本发明已被清楚地描述,而这些实施方案不应被看作是对本发明的限制。本发明的范围应以权利要求书为准。

Claims (21)

1.分离压缩的进料空气流(100)以生产高压氧气和氮气的方法,它包括:
(a)采用具有低压塔(6)和高压塔(5)的双塔系统;
(b)向高压塔(5)喂入至少一部分压缩并冷却的进料空气(110);
(c)在高压塔(5)中将(b)步骤的进料空气部分分离成氮蒸气和富氧液体(10);
(d)将富氧液体(10)从高压塔(5)的底部喂至低压塔(6)的中间位置;
(e)至少冷凝一部分高压塔(5)的富氮蒸气,从而产生液氮流;将至少一部分液氮流返回至高压塔(5)顶;并从双塔系统中移出所有剩余部分(40)的液氮;
(f)增加从高压塔(5)中移出的富氮液体(40)的压力(13);
(g)通过与(f)步骤的高压富氮液流间接热交换使一部分(144)进料空气冷却并至少部分地冷凝(2);
(h)从低压塔(6)中移出氧流(20)和至少含80%氮气的蒸气流(30);
其特征在于(i)来自步骤(g)的经冷凝的进料空气(158)喂入低压塔(6)顶部以及(ii)低压塔(6)的顶部回流是由所述经冷凝的进料空气(158)提供的,并且任选将不纯的液氮流(42)从高压塔(5)的中间位置抽出。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中来自塔系统的步骤(f)的富氮液体是从塔系统的步骤(e)中移出的富氮液体(40)的一部分(410)。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述步骤(f)的富氮液体取自高压塔的中间位置。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中将在步骤(e)产生的所有液氮返回高压塔(5)作为回流。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中步骤(h)的氧流(20)是液体,并且将液氧流的压力升至更高压力(15),并通过与第二部分(126)进料空气间接热交换(4)进行于气化,从而使该部分进料空气至少部分冷凝。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中将合并后的经冷凝的进料空气部分(132和152)大部分喂入(158,162)低压塔(6)的顶部。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中将至少部分冷凝的进料空气在冷却至低于-140℃之前压缩至高于4.1MPa的压力。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中至少部分冷凝的空气(152)是一种密度大的流体。
9.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中低压塔(6)的顶部回流全部由经冷凝的进料空气(158)提供。
10.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中低压塔(6)的顶部回流一部分由经冷凝的进料空气(158)提供,以及一部分由不纯液氮流(42)提供。
11.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中通过等熵膨胀(12)将高压空气流(140)由高压膨胀成低压。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中用于高压空气流等熵膨胀的膨胀器(12)与一个压缩机(11)相连。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中与膨胀器(12)相连的压缩机(11)用于压缩压力高于高压塔(5)的空气流(124)。
14.根据权利要求11的方法,其中用于高压空气流(140)等熵膨胀的膨胀器(12)与电机相连。
15.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中氧气流直接从低压塔(6)的底部产生。
16.根据权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中富氮气流直接得自高压塔(5)。
17.使用权利要求1的方法用于分离压缩的进料空气流的装置,该装置包括:
(i)具有低压塔(6)和高压塔(5)的双塔系统;
(ii)管线装置(110),用于将至少一部分压缩的和冷却的进料空气喂入高压塔(5)的并将该进料空气分离成氮蒸气和富氧液体;
(iii)管线装置(10),用于将富氧液体从高压塔(5)的底部喂入低压塔(6)的中间点;
(iv)冷凝器,用于将来自高压塔(5)的富氮蒸气的至少一部分冷凝,产生液氮流;
(v)管线装置,用于将所述液氮流的一部分返回到高压塔(5)的顶部;
(vi)管线装置(40,400,410,600),用于移除所有来自双塔系统的液氮的剩余部分;
(vii)泵(13),用于增加增加从高压塔(5)中移出的富氮液体(40)的压力;
(viii)热交换装置(2),用于与所述升高压力的富氮流进行间接热交换来冷却和至少部分冷凝进料空气的一部分;
(ix)管线装置(20,30),用于移除从低压塔中移出氧流和至少含80%氮气的蒸气流,
其特征在于设置管线装置(158,162)将来自所述热交换装置(2)的经冷凝的进料空气喂入低压塔(6)的顶部,并且任选设置管线装置(42)将来自高压塔(5)中间位置的不纯的液氮流喂入低压塔(6)的顶部。
18.根据权利要求17的装置,其中移除来自塔系统的液氮的管线装置(410)供应经移除液氮的一部分给所述泵(13),并提供所述富氮液体。
19.根据权利要求17的装置,其中管线装置从高压塔(5)的中间位置供应所述富氮液体给所述泵(13)。
20.根据权利要求17-19任一项的装置,其中所述用于从低压塔(6)中移除氧气流的管线装置(20)送液氧到泵(15)来提高该液氧的压力,然后传送到热交换器(4),与进料空气的第二部分进行间接热交换,从而至少部分冷凝该进料空气的第二部分。
21.根据权利要求17-19任一项的装置,其中包括管线装置(42),用于从高压塔(5)的中间位置将不纯的液氮流传送到低压塔(6)的顶部作为回流。
CN94115301A 1993-09-15 1994-09-15 通过泵液氮生产高压氮的低温空气分离方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1111707C (zh)

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