CN111165646A - 一种藜麦米活性肽及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种藜麦米活性肽及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于营养制品的制作方法，特别是涉及一种以藜麦米为原料，利用生物酶解技术制备藜麦米活性肽的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：原料筛选后动态提取浆液得到提取液，然后含渣酶解得到酶解液，将酶解液进行纯化处理后得到藜麦米活性肽。本发明将藜麦米经过蛋白酶水解后得到藜麦米活性肽，使藜麦米的营养成分极易吸收，利用率大大提高，且生产工艺简单、可用于大批量生产，该藜麦米活性肽含有提高人群营养水平和预防多种疾病的活性成分，富含多种氨基酸、多种矿质物质及维生素等，营养价值极高，营养全面，且具有多种开发利用价值，可应用于食品保健、医药研发等领域。这对后期藜麦米利用价值的深入研究具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于营养制品的制作方法，特别是涉及一种以藜麦米为原料，利用生物酶解技术制藜麦米活性肽的方法。
背景技术
藜麦，又被称为南美藜、印第安麦、奎藜、奎奴亚藜等，是一年生苋科藜亚科藜属双子叶草本植物。藜麦起源于南美洲安第斯山脉，距今已有5000多年的种植历史，早期印加人民将其作为主要的传统食物，被当地人称为“粮食之母”。藜麦已被美国国家研究委员会和美国国家航空航天局评估为一种极富营养特性的食物,将其列为人类未来移民外太空的理想“太空粮食”。联合国粮农组织认为藜麦是含有全部必需氨基酸、微量元素和维生素的唯一一种粮食作物,并将2013年定为国际藜麦年,以促进藜麦在全世界的推广。
藜麦是一种营养价值极高的类全谷物，不仅富含蛋白质及钙、铁、锌、维生素E等微量营养素和全部的必需氨基酸，还具有提高人群营养水平和预防多种疾病的功能成分；藜麦具有高蛋白、高纤维、高维生素和低脂肪、低糖等特性，而且总多酚、皂甙、黄酮和多糖等含量丰富，在新型功能食品研制、化妆品、医药和生物农药研发中发挥了重要作用。
科学研究发现，蛋白质在肽的形式下极具活性，小分子的二肽和三肽具有比单一氨基酸更易吸收的特点。它们可不经消化被人体直接吸收，吸收率提高2～2.5倍。外源性肽在消化道内直接进入血液只需几分钟至十几分钟的时间就可完成，它的吸收利用程度几乎可达到100％。这表明肽的生物效价和营养价值均比游离氨基酸要高。而且肽在微量的状态下，就能发挥强大的生理活性。
藜麦是一种营养价值极高的类全谷物，不仅富含蛋白质及钙、铁、锌、维生素E等微量营养素和全部的必需氨基酸，还具有提高人群营养水平和预防多种疾病的功能成分；藜麦具有高蛋白、高纤维、高维生素和低脂肪、低糖等特性，而且总多酚、皂甙、黄酮和多糖等含量丰富，在新型功能食品研制、化妆品、医药和生物农药研发中发挥了重要作用。然而，目前关于藜麦米活性肽的提取方法鲜有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种藜麦米活性肽及其制备方法，以脱壳粉碎的白藜麦米为原料，经过蛋白酶酶解，把藜麦米酶解后变成低聚肽和短肽化合物的混合物，产品小分子肽含量高，口感好，无化学试剂残留，具有良好的溶解性、稳定性、低过敏原性。其中产品为黄色微颗粒状，目数为80目，相对分子质量小于1000u的蛋白质水解物比例可达90％。
具体的，本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明第一个方面公开了一种藜麦米活性肽的制备方法，包括以下步骤：原料筛选后动态提取浆液得到提取液及料渣，然后含渣酶解得到酶解液，将酶解液进行纯化处理后得到藜麦米活性肽溶液。
应当理解，本发明并不限于上述步骤，还可以包含其他额外的步骤，而不超出本发明的保护范围。
优选的，所述原料筛选包括以下步骤：挑选优质白藜麦米，经脱壳处理后，粉碎至颗粒大小为20目至80目。
优选的，动态提取浆液步骤包括：采用动态微压提取罐进行提取，往原料中加入水，升温升压，在恒温微高压条件下搅拌提取得到提取液。
优选的，所述酶解步骤包括：将藜麦米提取液与料渣降温后加入原料重量0.5％-0.7％的胰蛋白酶进行酶解，在酶解过程中定时搅拌。
优选的，所述纯化步骤包括：依次离心脱渣步骤和膜分离步骤。
更优选的，所述离心脱渣步骤包括：经灭酶活后的酶解液通过平板式上部卸料洁净吊袋离心机进行脱渣，把酶解液中的料渣和液体进行完全分离。
更优选的，所述膜分离步骤包括：离心脱渣液经多功能无机陶瓷膜分离设备超滤。
优选的，所述纯化处理之后还包括浓缩步骤和制粉处理，得到藜麦米活性肽粉末。
在本发明的一些具体实施例中，浓缩步骤包括双效真空节能浓缩和高速管式分离。通过高速离心喷雾干燥粒机喷粉得到藜麦米活性肽粉末。
上述方法还包括成品包装步骤。
本发明第二个方面公开了上述方法制备得到的藜麦米活性肽。该藜麦米活性肽中小分子肽含量高，口感好，无化学试剂残留，具有良好的溶解性、稳定性、低过敏原性。其中产品为黄色微颗粒状，目数为80目，相对分子质量小于1000u的蛋白质水解物比例可达90％。
本发明第三个方面公开了上述的方法或上述的藜麦米活性肽在医药、化学和食品领域中的应用。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，而不超出本发明的构思与保护范围。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的显著优点及效果：
藜麦具有均衡营养、增强机体功能、修复体质、调节免疫和内分泌系统、提高机体应激能力、预防疾病、抗癌和减肥等功效，尤其适于高血糖、高血压、高血脂和心脏病等慢性病的辅助治疗。但是，目前对藜麦化学成分的提取和鉴定以及生物活性等方面的研究还处在初步阶段，对藜麦的开发利用不够。本发明将藜麦米经过蛋白酶水解后得到藜麦米活性肽，使藜麦米的营养成分极易吸收，利用率大大提高，且生产工艺简单、可用于大批量生产，该藜麦米活性肽含有提高人群营养水平和预防多种疾病的功能成分，富含多种氨基酸、多种矿质物质及维生素等，营养价值极高，营养全面，且具有多种开发利用价值，可应用于食品保健、医药研发等领域。这对后期藜麦米利用价值的深入研究具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中制备藜麦米活性肽的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，按照常规方法和条件，或按照商品说明书选择。本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
实施例1
本实施例公开了一种制备藜麦米活性肽的方法，其工艺流程图如图1所示，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)原料筛选：挑选优质白藜麦米，经脱壳处理后，粉碎至20目至80目。
(2)动态提取：采用动态微压提取罐进行提取，加入原料重8-10倍纯净水，调节pH至8，升温升压至100℃、0.05MPa，恒温微高压条件下搅拌提取3-4小时，提取液及料渣排入汤储罐。此设备在搅拌的条件下进行动态低温提取，液固接触充分，更利于物料有效成分充分溶出，同时又可避免高温高压对物质结构破坏而造成有效成分流失。
(3)酶解：藜麦米提取液与料渣由汤储罐排进水解罐，降温至52℃-54℃，再加入原料重量0.5％-0.7％的胰蛋白酶酶解，酶解3-4h，在酶解过程中每隔0.5小时搅拌10分钟，使酶解均匀充分的进行。
(4)离心脱渣：酶解液升温至85℃保持15-20min，灭酶活后料液降温至65-70℃通过平板式上部卸料洁净吊袋离心机进行脱渣，把酶解液中的料渣和液体进行完全分离。此种设备适合固相颗粒粒径在15微米以上的固液混合物，装料、出料方便，通过吊袋一次性将分离后的物料卸出，分离脱水效果好，以使固液最大程度分离进而提高产品收率，并为膜分离工序提高膜分离速度及延长膜设备使用寿命提供基础，特别适合固液黏性高、组织结构松散的物料。
(5)膜分离：离心脱渣液经过多功能无机陶瓷膜分离设备进行超滤，过滤温度为50-60℃，压力为0.1MPa-0.2MPa。滤液过滤至清液储罐。其分离过程中无需加额外助剂，物料无变相、常(低)温低压操作、能耗小，且物料分离精度高、滤液澄清透明，适于分离对热敏性以及高纯度等要求高的物质。
(6)双效真空节能浓缩：过滤液经双效真空节能浓缩设备浓缩，一效真空度与温度分别控制为-0.06MPa、60℃-70℃，二效真空度与温度分别控制在-0.08MPa、50-60℃，以可溶性固形物含量为指标，综合控制浓缩温度、真空度及供气压力。在真空条件下可降低液体沸点，料液在低温下即可达到浓缩，避免高温对产品活性的影响，适于热敏性及小分子物料的浓缩。此外，浓缩过程全封闭且无泡沫产生，其蒸发速度快、浓缩比重大。
(7)高速管式分离：浓缩液降温至50-60℃后通过管式分离机，在转速为16000r/min下进行二次分离，保证最后的产品中无杂质残留。
(8)高速离心喷雾干燥：经过升温至85℃达到灭菌效果的浓缩液，由高速离心喷雾干燥粒机喷粉干燥，设定进风温度为：170-180℃，出风温度：85-90℃。
(9)成品包装：采用食品级包装材料，密封包装。
本实施例公开的制备藜麦米活性肽的方法，无需添加任何化学试剂，环保无害，且操作简单，制备成本低，适用于工业化生产。
本实施例生产的藜麦米活性肽中小分子肽含量高，口感好，无化学试剂残留，具有良好的溶解性、稳定性、低过敏原性。其中产品为黄色微颗粒状，目数为80目，相对分子质量小于1000u的蛋白质水解物比例可达90％。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种藜麦米活性肽的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：原料筛选后动态提取浆液得到提取液及料渣，然后含渣酶解得到酶解液，将酶解液进行纯化处理后得到藜麦米活性肽溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述原料筛选包括以下步骤：挑选优质白藜麦米，经脱壳处理后，粉碎至颗粒大小为20目至80目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，动态提取浆液步骤包括：采用动态微压提取罐进行提取，往原料中加入水，升温升压，在恒温微高压条件下搅拌提取得到提取液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酶解步骤包括：将藜麦米提取液与料渣降温后加入原料重量0.5％-0.7％的胰蛋白酶进行酶解，在酶解过程中定时搅拌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述纯化步骤包括：依次离心脱渣步骤和膜分离步骤。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述离心脱渣步骤包括：经灭酶活后的酶解液通过平板式上部卸料洁净吊袋离心机进行脱渣，把酶解液中的料渣和液体进行完全分离。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜分离步骤包括：离心脱渣液经多功能无机陶瓷膜分离设备超滤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述纯化处理之后还包括浓缩步骤和制粉处理，得到藜麦米活性肽粉末。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制备得到的藜麦米活性肽。
10.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法或权利要求9所述的藜麦米活性肽在医药、化学和食品领域中的应用。
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