CN111164089A - 可被氢化硅烷化的受抑制的不含贵金属的混合物 - Google Patents
可被氢化硅烷化的受抑制的不含贵金属的混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111164089A CN111164089A CN201780083596.8A CN201780083596A CN111164089A CN 111164089 A CN111164089 A CN 111164089A CN 201780083596 A CN201780083596 A CN 201780083596A CN 111164089 A CN111164089 A CN 111164089A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- XUKFPAQLGOOCNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)O[Si](C)(C)C XUKFPAQLGOOCNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) borate Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1OB(OC=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0834—Compounds having one or more O-Si linkage
- C07F7/0838—Compounds with one or more Si-O-Si sequences
- C07F7/0872—Preparation and treatment thereof
- C07F7/0876—Reactions involving the formation of bonds to a Si atom of a Si-O-Si sequence other than a bond of the Si-O-Si linkage
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- C07C15/40—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals
- C07C15/42—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals monocyclic
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- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
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- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
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- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
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Abstract
本发明提供混合物M,其含有:含有至少一个直接结合至Si的氢原子的化合物A,含有至少一个碳‑碳多重键的化合物B,含有至少一个阳离子Si(II)基团的化合物C和含有至少一个直接结合至硅的烷氧基的化合物D,以及用于氢化硅烷化所述混合物M的方法,其中加热所述混合物M。
Description
本发明涉及含有作为催化剂的具有阳离子Si(II)基团的化合物的可氢化硅烷化混合物,并涉及通过加热氢化硅烷化所述混合物的方法。
将硅氢化合物添加至烯烃和炔烃上在工业中起着重要作用。该反应,被称为氢化硅烷化,非常频繁地用于交联硅氧烷(弹性体交联)或用于将官能团引入硅烷或硅氧烷中。氢化硅烷化通常在工业上使用与抑制剂组合的贵金属络合物进行,所述抑制剂通常基于炔烃,其在环境温度下阻断氢化硅烷化。这使得在不开始氢化硅烷化的情况下均匀混合包括催化剂在内的组分成为可能。氢化硅烷化过程然后可通过增加温度来处理。又一优点是混合发生在与氢化硅烷化过程不同的时间,并且可以目标方式控制;单组分体系只能通过增加温度来反应。
贵金属催化的氢化硅烷化的缺点是贵金属的高价格,其在全世界仅具有有限的可用性并且受到不可预见且不可影响的价格波动的影响。另外,回收贵金属通常是不可能或不经济的。因此,不含贵金属的氢化硅烷化催化剂具有很大的工业价值。
最近,例如Chirik等在Science 2012,335,567、ACS Catalysis 2016,6,2632和ACS Catalysis 2016,6,4105中提出了将过渡金属络合物,尤其是铁、钴和镍的络合物作为替代物,但这些络合物展示出不令人满意的稳定性,使得需要使用相对大的量,这常常导致变色。然而,这些系统的甚至更严重的缺点是,到目前为止,还没有抑制系统能够在混合操作期间抑制氢化硅烷化,并通过增加温度以目标方式启动氢化硅烷化。
因此,本发明的目的是提供不含贵金属的可氢化硅烷化的混合物,该混合物在环境温度下长时期稳定,并且其反应可通过增加温度来触发。
本发明提供混合物M,其含有:
含有至少一个直接结合至Si的氢原子的化合物A,
含有至少一个碳-碳多重键的化合物B,
含有至少一个阳离子Si(II)基团的化合物C,和
含有至少一个直接结合至硅的烷氧基的化合物D。
令人惊讶的是,已能够表明,由作为非金属氢化硅烷化催化剂的化合物C催化的氢化硅烷化反应可通过添加烷氧基硅化合物D被完全抑制,尤其是在环境温度下,并且可通过增加温度来触发。
因此,烷氧基硅化合物D可用作与非金属氢化硅烷化催化剂C的氢化硅烷化反应的抑制剂。
具有至少一个直接结合至Si的氢原子的化合物A优选具有通式I
R1R2R3Si-H (I),
其中所述基团R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地为氢、卤素、甲硅氧基或烃基,其中单个碳原子在每种情况下可被氧原子、硅原子、氮原子、卤素、硫或磷原子替代。
基团R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地特别优选氢,卤素,无支链、支链、直链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃基(其中单个碳原子可被氧、卤素、氮或硫替代)或通式II的甲硅氧基
(SiO4/2)a(RxSiO3/2)b(Rx 2SiO2/2)c(Rx 3SiO1/2)d- (II)
其中
基团Rx各自彼此独立地为氢,卤素,无支链、支链、直链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃基,其中单个碳原子可被氧、卤素、氮或硫替代,
a、b、c和d彼此独立地为0至100 000的整数,其中a、b、c和d一起的总和为至少1。
基团R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地非常特别优选氢、氯、C1-C3-烷基或亚烷基、苯基或通式II的甲硅氧基,其中基团Rx各自彼此独立地为氢、氯、C1-C6-烷基或亚烷基或苯基。
特别优选的基团R1、R2和R3是基团甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基、氯或特别是通式II的甲硅氧基。
特别优选的基团Rx是基团甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基和氯。
通式(I)的化合物A的实例是以下硅烷(Ph=苯基,Me=甲基,Et=乙基):
Me3SiH、Et3SiH、Me2PhSiH、MePh2SiH、Me2ClSiH、Et2ClSiH、MeCl2SiH、Cl3SiH和以下硅氧烷:
HSiMe2-O-SiMe2H、Me3Si-O-SiHMe-O-SiMe3,
H-SiMe2-(O-SiMe2)m-O-SiMe2-H,其中m=1至20 000,
Me3Si-O-(SiMe2-O)n(SiHMe-O)o-SiMe3,其中n=1至20 000且o=1至20 000。
化合物A还可以是特别是通式I的各种化合物的混合物,其中基团R1、R2和R3可任选地为通式II的各种基团。
具有至少一个碳-碳多重键的化合物B优选选自通式IIIa的具有至少一个碳-碳双键的化合物
R4R5C=CR6R7 (IIIa),
和通式IIIb的具有至少一个碳-碳三键的化合物
R8CCR9 (IIIb),
其中
R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9各自彼此独立地为直链、支链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃基,其中单个碳原子可被硅、氧、卤素、氮、硫或磷替代。
还可存在通式IIIa和IIIb的化合物的混合物。
基团R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9各自彼此独立地特别优选氢,直链、支链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃基,其可被一个或多个杂原子基团,特别是基团卤素(特别是氯)、腈、烷氧基、COORz、O-CO-Rz、NH-CO-Rz、O-CO-ORz取代,其中基团Rz各自彼此独立地为氢、氯、C1-C6-烷基或亚烷基或苯基。
特别优选一个或多个基团R4至R9为氢。
非常特别优选R4和R5或R6和R7为氢。
化合物B的实例为乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、2-丁烯、环己烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、1,1-二苯乙烯、顺式-芪、反式-芪、烯丙基氯、丙烯腈、烯丙基缩水甘油基醚、乙烯基-SiMe2-[O-SiMe2]n-SiMe2-乙烯基(其中n=0至10 000)、Me3Si-[O-SiMevinyl]o-[O-SiMe2]p-SiMe3(其中o=1至1000且p=0至1000)、乙炔、丙炔、1-丁炔、2-丁炔、苯基乙炔和二苯基乙炔。
化合物A和B还可通过一个或多个化学键彼此接合,即它们均可存在于一个分子中。
化合物C含有一个或多个阳离子Si(II)基团。
化合物C优选通式IV的阳离子Si(II)化合物
([Si(II)Cp]+)aXa- (IV)
其中
Cp是通式V的π键合的环戊二烯基,其被基团Ry取代。
出于本发明的目的,环戊二烯基Cp是由单一带负电荷的芳族五环体系C5Ry 5 -组成的环戊二烯基阴离子。
基团Ry是任何单价基团或多价基团,其还可彼此接合以形成稠环。
基团Ry各自彼此独立地优选氢,直链或支链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烷基或芳基,特别优选C1-C3-烷基,非常特别优选甲基。
基因Ry的实例为烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基;己基,如正己基;庚基,如正庚基;辛基,如正辛基和异辛基,如2,4,4-三甲基戊基;壬基,如正壬基;癸基,如正癸基;十二烷基,如正十二烷基;十六烷基,如正十六烷基;十八烷基,如正十八烷基;环烷基,如环戊基、环己基、环庚基和甲基环己基;芳基,如苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基;烷芳基,如邻-甲苯基、间-甲苯基和对-甲苯基、均三甲苯基(mesitylenyl)以及对-乙基苯基、间-乙基苯基和对-乙基苯基;和烷芳基,如苯甲基、α-苯乙基和β-苯乙基。
化合物C的另外实例是以下阳离子Si(II)化合物:
其制备描述于So等,Chem.Eur.J.2013,19,11786;Driess等,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2006,45,6730;Filippou,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2013,52,6974;Sasamori等,Chem.Eur.J.2014,20,9246和Inoue等,Chem.Commun.2014,50,12619中(DMAP=二甲基氨基吡啶)。
在上式中,基团Ra是烃基。基团Ra各自彼此独立地优选烷基,特别是C1-C20-烷基、或取代或未取代的苯基,特别优选支链烷基或2,6-二烷基化苯基。Hal是卤素,优选氯、溴或碘。基团Ra的实例是甲基、异丙基、叔丁基、2,6-二异丙基苯基或2,4,6-三异丙基苯基。
Xa-是在氢化硅烷化的反应条件下不与阳离子硅(II)中心反应的任何a价阴离子。它可以是无机的或有机的。a优选1、2或3,特别是1。
X-特别优选卤素或络合阴离子,如BF4 -、ClO4 -、AlZ4 -、MF6 -,其中Z=卤素且M=磷、砷或锑,或四芳基硼酸根阴离子,其中芳基优选苯基或氟化苯基或被全氟烷基取代的苯基,单价多面体阴离子,如碳硼化物(carborate)阴离子,或烷氧基金属化物(alkoxymetalate)和芳氧基金属化物(aryloxymetalate)离子。
阴离子X-的实例是四氯金属化物(tetrachlorometalate)[MCl4]-,其中M=Al、Ga;四氟硼酸根[BF4]-;六氟金属化物(hexafluorometalate)[MF6]-,其中M=As、Sb、Ir、Pt;全氟锑酸根[Sb2F11]-、[Sb3F16]-和[Sb4F21]-;三氟甲磺酸根(triflate)(=三氟甲磺酸根(trifluoromethanesulfonate))[OSO2CF3]-;四(三氟甲基)硼酸根[B(CF3)4]-;四(五氟苯基)金属化物[M(C6F5)4]-,其中M=B、Al、Ga;四(五氯苯基)硼酸根[B(C6Cl5)4]-;四[2,4,6-(三氟甲基)苯基]硼酸根{B[C6H2(CF3)3]}-;羟基双[三(五氟苯基)硼酸根]{HO[B(C6F5)3]2}-;闭式-碳硼化物[CHB11H5Cl6]-、[CHB11H5Br6]-、[CHB11(CH3)5Br6]-、[CHB11F11]-、[C(Et)B11F11]-、[CB11(CF3)12]-和B12Cl11N(CH3)3]-;四(全氟烷氧基)铝酸根[Al(ORPF)4]-;三(全氟烷氧基)氟铝酸根[FAl(ORPF)3]-、六(氧基六氟碲基)锑酸根[Sb(OTeF5)6]-。
特别优选的络合阴离子X-的概述可参见例如Krossing等,Angew.Chem.2004,116,2116。
通式IV的阳离子Si(II)化合物的制备可通过将酸H+X-添加至化合物Si(II)Cp2来进行,借助于该加成以质子化形式消除一个阴离子Cp基团:
Si(II)Cp2+H+X-->Si(II)+Cp X-+CpH
然后酸HX的阴离子X-形成阳离子硅(II)化合物的抗衡离子。
通式II的阳离子Si(II)化合物的一种制备方法描述于Science 2004,305,第849-851页中:
可借助于酸(Cp*H2)+B(C6F5)4 -(Cp*=五甲基环戊二烯基)来实现通式IV的阳离子Si(II)化合物的形成。这得到具有抗衡离子X-=B(C6F5)4 -的式IV化合物,其非常容易结晶,因此可特别容易地分离。然而,通式IV化合物还可通过添加其它布郎斯台德酸(Bronstedacid)来产生,优选阴离子满足上述弱配位要求的酸。
具有至少一个直接结合至硅的烷氧基的化合物D优选具有通式VI
R13R14R15Si-O-CH2-R16 (VI)
其中基团R13、R14和R15各自彼此独立地为氢、卤素、优选以上通式II的甲硅氧基或烃基,其中单个碳原子在每种情况下可被氧原子、卤素、硫或磷原子替代,并且
R16是氢或烃基,其中单个不相邻碳原子可被氧原子、硅、卤素、硫或磷原子替代。
基团R13、R14和R15各自彼此独立地特别优选氢,卤素,无支链、支链、直链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃基,或无支链、支链、直链或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃氧基(其中单个碳原子可被氧、卤素、氮或硫替代)或通式II的甲硅氧基,其中
Rx具有以上含义和优选含义。
R16特别优选氢,无支链、支链、直链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃基,或无支链、支链、直链或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃氧基(其中单个碳原子可被氧、卤素、氮或硫替代)或通式II的甲硅氧基,其中
Rx具有以上含义和优选含义。
a、b、c和d彼此独立地为0至100 000的整数,其中a、b、c和d一起的总和为至少1。
通式II的甲硅氧基优选具有小于10 000、特别优选小于5000且非常特别优选小于1000道尔顿的分子量。
基团R13、R14和R15各自彼此独立地非常特别优选氢、氯、C1-C3-烷基或亚烷基、苯基或通式II的甲硅氧基,其中基团Rx各自彼此独立地为氢、氯、C1-C6-烷基或亚烷基或苯基。
R16非常特别优选氢、C1-C6-烷基或亚烷基或苯基。
特别优选的基团R13、R14和R15是基团甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基、氯或特别是通式II的甲硅氧基。
特别优选的基团R16是基团甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基或戊基。
特别优选的基团Rx是基团甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基和氯。
通式VI的化合物D的实例是以下硅烷(Ph=苯基,Me=甲基,Et=乙基):
Me3SiOEt、Me3SiOMe、Et3SiOEt、Et3SiOMe、Me2PhSiOEt、Me2PhSiOMe、MePh2SiOEt、Me3SiO-CH2-CH2-OSiMe3、Me3SiO-(CH2)3-OSiMe3、Me2Si(OEt)2、Me2Si(OMe)2、MeSi(OEt)3、MeSi(OMe)3、Si(OEt)4、MeSi(OMe)4,以及以下硅氧烷:
Me3Si-O-SiMe2OMe、Me3Si-O-SiMe2OEt、EtOSiMe2-O-SiMe2OEt、Me3Si-O-SiMe(OMe)-O-SiMe3、Me3Si-O-SiMe(OEt)-O-SiMe3,
MeO-SiMe2-(O-SiMe2)m-O-SiMe2-OMe和EtO-SiMe2-(O-SiMe2)m-O-SiMe2-OEt,其中m=1至10,
Me3Si-O-(SiMe2-O)n(SiMe(OMe)-O)o-SiMe3和Me3Si-O-(SiMe2-O)n(SiMe(OEt)-O)o-SiMe3,其中n=0至10且o=1至10。
化合物D还可以是通式VI的各种化合物的混合物,其中基团R13、R14和R15可任选地为通式II的各种基团。
本发明同样提供用于氢化硅烷化混合物M的方法,所述混合物M含有
含有至少一个直接结合至Si的氢原子的化合物A,
含有至少一个碳-碳多重键的化合物B,
含有至少一个阳离子Si(II)基团的化合物C和
含有至少一个直接结合至硅的烷氧基的化合物D,
其中加热所述混合物M。
在所述方法中,使化合物A在作为氢化硅烷化催化剂的化合物C存在下与化合物B反应。由作为非金属氢化硅烷化催化剂的化合物C催化且被抑制剂D抑制的氢化硅烷化反应由温度增加触发。
在所述方法中,优选将混合物M加热到至少40℃且不超过150℃,特别优选加热至50至120℃,特别是加热至60至100℃。
基于存在的Si-H或不饱和碳基,化合物A和B的摩尔比优选至少1:100且不超过100:1,特别优选至少1:10且不超过10:1,非常特别优选地至少1:2且不超过2:1。
化合物C和存在于化合物A中的Si-H基团之间的摩尔比优选至少1:107且不超过1:1,特别优选至少1:106且不超过1:10,非常特别优选地至少1:105且不超过1:50。
基于存在于化合物C中的阳离子Si(II)基团,化合物C和D与化合物D中直接结合至硅的烷氧基的摩尔比优选至少1:1且不超过1:200,特别优选至少1:5且不超过1:100,非常特别优选地至少1:10且不超过1:50。
可在特别是低于30℃、特别是低于20℃的低温下,以任何顺序混合化合物A、B、C和D,以本领域已知的方式进行混合。优选将C和D的混合物与A或与B或A和B的混合物混合的实施方案。在又一优选的实施方案中,将D与A或与B或与A和B的混合物混合并且随后将混合物与C混合。
在又一实施方案中,以两种化合物的混合物产生化合物C,例如,通过以化合物A或B或D中的一种,或以A、B和D的二元混合物,或以A、B和D的三元混合物进行上述质子化反应。
在化合物C和D存在下化合物A和B的反应可在添加或不添加一种或多种溶剂的情况下进行。基于化合物A和B的总和,溶剂或溶剂混合物的比例优选至少0.1重量%且不超过1000倍重量量,特别优选至少10重量%且不超过100倍重量量,非常特别优选至少30重量%且不超过10倍重量量。
作为溶剂,优选使用非质子溶剂,例如烃,如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、环己烷或甲苯,氯化烃,如二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯或1,2-二氯乙烷,或腈,如乙腈或丙腈。
混合物M可含有任何另外的化合物,如加工助剂,例如乳化剂,填料,例如细碎二氧化硅或石英,稳定剂,例如自由基抑制剂,颜料,例如染料或白色颜料,例如白垩或二氧化钛。
所述反应可在环境压力下或在降低的压力下或在超大气压力下进行。
压力优选至少0.01巴且不超过100巴,特别优选至少0.1巴且不超过10巴,并且所述反应非常特别优选在环境压力下进行。然而,如果在反应温度下为气态的化合物参与反应,则所述反应优选在超大气压力下进行,特别优选在整个系统的蒸气压下进行。
以上各式中所示的所有符号在每种情况下均彼此独立地具有其含义。在所有式中,硅原子均为四价。
除非在特定情况下另有指明,否则所有量和百分比均以重量计,并且所有温度均为20℃。
实施例1
在惰性气体气氛(氩气)下将239mg(2.02mmol)α-甲基苯乙烯和300mg(2.02mmol)五甲基二硅氧烷的混合物与1.8mg(2.14μmol)化合物(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -和4.8mg(0.041mmol)乙氧基三甲基硅烷于540mg二氘二氯甲烷中的溶液在振荡下混合,并使其在25℃下静置8天。此后,通过NMR波谱检查反应混合物:α-甲基苯乙烯和五甲基二硅氧烷以未改变的量存在,并且不能检测到氢化硅烷化产物。催化剂(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -可通过NMR波谱(δ=2.2ppm处的单峰)以不变量检测。
随后将样品在60℃下加热1小时,然后通过NMR波谱再次检查:形成氢化硅烷化产物1,1,1,3,3-五甲基-3-(2-苯基丙基)二硅氧烷,转化率>99%。
实施例2
在惰性气体气氛(氩气)下将239mg(2.02mmol)α-甲基苯乙烯和300mg(2.02mmol)五甲基二硅氧烷的混合物与1.7mg(2.02μmol)化合物(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -和7.8mg(0.041mmol)乙氧基五甲基二硅氧烷于860mg二氘二氯甲烷中的溶液在振荡下混合,并使其在25℃下静置9天。此后,通过NMR波谱检查反应混合物:α-甲基苯乙烯和五甲基二硅氧烷以未改变的量存在,并且不能检测到氢化硅烷化产物。催化剂(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -可通过NMR波谱(δ=2.2ppm处的单峰)以不变量检测。
随后将样品在60℃下加热1小时,然后通过NMR波谱再次检查:形成氢化硅烷化产物1,1,1,3,3-五甲基-3-(2-苯基丙基)二硅氧烷,转化率>99%。
实施例3
在惰性气体气氛(氩气)下将239mg(2.02mmol)α-甲基苯乙烯和300mg(2.02mmol)五甲基二硅氧烷的混合物与1.9mg(2.26μmol)化合物(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -和7.5mg(0.042mmol)二甲基苯基乙氧基硅烷于741mg二氘二氯甲烷中的溶液在振荡下混合,并使其在25℃下静置8天。此后,通过NMR波谱检查反应混合物:α-甲基苯乙烯和五甲基二硅氧烷以未改变的量存在,并且不能检测到氢化硅烷化产物。催化剂(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -可通过NMR波谱(δ=2.2ppm处的单峰)以不变量检测。
随后将样品在60℃下加热1小时,然后通过NMR波谱再次检查:形成氢化硅烷化产物1,1,1,3,3-五甲基-3-(2-苯基丙基)二硅氧烷,转化率>99%。
不根据本发明的实施例4
类似于实施例1,使用B(C6F5)3代替(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -。
添加抑制剂的氢化硅烷化
在惰性气体气氛(氩气)下将239mg(2.02mmol)α-甲基苯乙烯和300mg(2.02mmol)五甲基二硅氧烷的混合物与1.8mg(2.14μmol)化合物(π-Me5C5)Si+B(C6F5)4 -于540mg二氘二氯甲烷中的溶液在振荡下混合,并使其在25℃下静置20分钟,此后通过NMR波谱进行检查。形成氢化硅烷化产物的氢化硅烷化已进行至成。
Claims (9)
1.一种混合物M,其含有:
含有至少一个直接结合至Si的氢原子的化合物A,
含有至少一个碳-碳多重键的化合物B,
含有至少一个阳离子Si(II)基团的化合物C,和
含有至少一个直接结合至硅的烷氧基的化合物D。
2.一种用于氢化硅烷化混合物M的方法,所述混合物M含有:
含有至少一个直接结合至Si的氢原子的化合物A,
含有至少一个碳-碳多重键的化合物B,
含有至少一个阳离子Si(II)基团的化合物C,和
含有至少一个直接结合至硅的烷氧基的化合物D,
其中加热所述混合物M。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合物M或根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述化合物A具有通式I
R1R2R3Si-H (I),
其中所述基团R1、R2和R3各自彼此独立地为氢、卤素、甲硅氧基或烃基,其中单个碳原子在每种情况下可被氧原子、硅原子、氮原子、卤素、硫或磷原子替代。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的混合物M或根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其中所述化合物B选自通式IIIa的化合物和通式IIIb的化合物:
R4R5C=CR6R7 (IIIa),
R8CCR9 (IIIb),
其中
R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9各自彼此独立地为直链、支链、无环或环状、饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和的C1-C20-烃基,其中单个碳原子可被硅、氧、卤素、氮、硫或磷替代。
7.根据权利要求1、3、4、5或6所述的可氢化硅烷化混合物M或根据权利要求2、3、4、5或6所述的方法,其中化合物D具有通式VI:
R13R14R15Si-O-CH2-R16 (VI)
其中所述基团R13、R14和R15各自彼此独立地为氢、卤素、甲硅氧基或烃基,其中单个碳原子在每种情况下可被氧原子、卤素、硫或磷原子替代,并且
R16是氢或烃基,其中单个不相邻碳原子可被氧原子、硅、卤素、硫或磷原子替代。
8.根据权利要求1、3、4、5、6或7所述的可氢化硅烷化的混合物M或根据权利要求2、3、4、5、6或7所述的方法,其中基于存在于化合物C中的阳离子Si(II)基团比化合物D中直接结合至硅的烷氧基,所述化合物C和D的摩尔比为至少1:1且不超过1:200。
9.根据权利要求2、3、4、5、6、7或8所述的方法,其中将所述混合物M加热到至少40℃且不超过150℃。
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