CN111154956A - Heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel, which takes the medium-carbon low-alloy steel as a raw material, and finishes the whole process of heat treatment of the medium-carbon low-alloy steel through the steps of S1 casting preparation, S2 normalizing, S3 annealing, S4 quenching, S5 tempering, S6 finished product and the like. The heat treatment method of the carbon low-alloy steel adopts the stable normalizing, annealing, quenching and tempering processes, can completely refine grains and homogenize the structure of the product, and is matched with water quenching treatment, so that the elongation of the obtained product is obviously improved, and the performances of tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and the like of the product are not influenced. The medium-carbon low-alloy steel product treated by the process has the advantages of high mechanical property, good plasticity, high elongation and reduction of area, stable performance, wear-resistant product surface, good core plasticity and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting production of castings, in particular to a heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel.
Background
The medium-carbon low-alloy steel has the characteristics of good comprehensive performance, high strength, good wear resistance and the like, is matched with low-temperature tempering after water quenching, and the produced and assembled crawler-linked excavator is widely applied to earth and stone operation in the industries of energy, traffic, mines, metallurgy and the like, is particularly suitable for severe working sites where a wheel loader cannot operate, and is used for manufacturing various mechanical parts with impact resistance, wear resistance and high load. For example, the crawler chain connecting parts of a large excavator can be assembled into the excavator, the excavator can work in an area with a severe working environment within a specified service period, and the fracture probability of the connecting crawler plate is greatly reduced. Therefore, the excavator track link part has high plasticity and good mechanical property.
At present, the heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel generally adopts three-step processes of normalizing, quenching and tempering, but the prepared product has low plasticity and mechanical property, and the elongation and the reduction of area can not meet the standard requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for heat treating a medium carbon low alloy steel to solve the above problems of the background art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a casting: casting a casting meeting the design requirement by using a medium-carbon low-alloy steel material as a raw material and pouring by using a mould;
s2, normalizing: loading the casting into a heat treatment furnace, wherein the loading temperature is less than 300 ℃, then heating, controlling the heating speed to be less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, stopping heating until the temperature in the furnace reaches 940-960 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3h, and finally taking out the casting for air cooling;
s3, annealing: heating the casting subjected to normalizing in a heat treatment furnace at a heating speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, stopping heating until the temperature in the furnace reaches 780-800 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3.0-3.5 h; cooling along with the furnace, controlling the cooling speed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, stopping until the temperature in the furnace reaches 680-700 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2.0-2.5 h; cooling along with the furnace again, controlling the cooling speed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h until the temperature in the furnace reaches 500 ℃, taking out the casting for air cooling;
s4, quenching: placing the casting subjected to annealing and air cooling in a heat treatment furnace for heating, wherein the charging temperature is less than 300 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, the heating is stopped until the temperature in the furnace reaches 700-720 ℃, and the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 2.0-2.5 h; heating again, wherein the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h until the temperature in the furnace reaches 880-900 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3.0-3.5 h, and then taking out the casting for water cooling;
s5, tempering: placing the casting subjected to quenching and water cooling in a heat treatment furnace for heating, wherein the charging temperature is less than 100 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, the heating is stopped until the temperature in the furnace reaches 165-185 ℃, the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 10.0-10.5 h, and then the casting is taken out and air-cooled;
s6, preparing a finished product: and (3) detecting the performance of the casting after the tempering and air cooling, thereby obtaining a casting finished product, namely completing the whole process of carrying out heat treatment on the medium-carbon low-alloy steel.
Preferably, the specific model of the medium-carbon low-alloy steel is 1E 4904.
Preferably, the chemical composition (%) of the medium-carbon low-alloy steel raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.16 to 0.28; 0.30-0.70% of Si; 0.70-1.35% of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025; s is less than or equal to 0.020; 0.70-1.10% of Cr; 1.10-2.20 parts of Ni; 0.40 to 0.55 Mo.
Preferably, the mechanical properties of the medium-carbon low-alloy steel are as follows:
Rp0.2Mpa | RPmMpa | A(%) | Z(%) | Akv/-40℃ |
≥965 | ≥1138 | ≥4 | ≥13 | ≥11J |
。
preferably, in the quenching step of S4, the water cooling process conditions are as follows: the water cooling transfer time of the casting is less than or equal to 60 seconds, the water temperature is controlled to be 23-30 ℃, and the water cooling time is 5 minutes.
Preferably, in the steps of S4 quenching and S5 tempering, the casting subjected to quenching and water cooling needs to be placed in a heat treatment furnace for temperature rise tempering within 30-60 min.
Preferably, the heat treatment furnace is a laboratory box muffle furnace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the heat treatment method of the carbon low-alloy steel adopts the stable normalizing, annealing, quenching and tempering processes, can completely play the roles of refining grains and homogenizing tissues after one annealing treatment step is added, and is matched with water quenching treatment, so that the elongation of the obtained product is obviously improved, and the performances of tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and the like are not influenced. The medium carbon low alloy steel treated by the process has the advantages of high mechanical property, good plasticity, high elongation and reduction of area, stable performance, wear-resistant product surface, good core plasticity and long service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the dimension marking chart of the double-base-circle test block in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2: the metallographic microstructure (100 times) of the test group product of the process is shown;
FIG. 3: a metallographic microstructure (100 times) of a control group product in the prior art;
FIG. 4: an anatomical view of the product casting of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a casting: a double-base-circle test block is prepared by pouring a material made of a medium-carbon low-alloy steel material with the model of 1E4904 by using a die, and the size marking of the test block is carried out according to ASTM A703 (shown in figure 1).
The chemical components (%) of the double-base test block are as follows according to the mass percentage of elements: c: 0.16 to 0.28; 0.30-0.70% of Si; 0.70-1.35% of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025; s is less than or equal to 0.020; 0.70-1.10% of Cr; 1.10-2.20 parts of Ni; 0.40 to 0.55 Mo. The chemical composition needs to be strictly controlled, and P and S are controlled according to the lower limit.
The mechanical properties of the medium-carbon low-alloy steel in the above 1E4904 are controlled as shown in Table 1:
table 1: 1E4904 Medium carbon low alloy steel mechanical property requirement
Rp0.2Mpa | RPmMpa | A(%) | Z(%) | Akv/-40℃ |
≥965 | ≥1138 | ≥4 | ≥13 | ≥11J |
。
S2, normalizing: and (3) loading the casting into a heat treatment furnace, wherein the loading temperature is less than 300 ℃, then heating, controlling the heating speed to be less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, stopping heating until the temperature in the furnace reaches 940-960 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3h, and finally taking out the casting for air cooling.
S3, annealing: heating the casting subjected to normalizing in a heat treatment furnace at a heating speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, stopping heating until the temperature in the furnace reaches 780-800 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3.0-3.5 h; cooling along with the furnace, controlling the cooling speed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, stopping until the temperature in the furnace reaches 680-700 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2.0-2.5 h; and cooling along with the furnace again, controlling the cooling speed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h until the temperature in the furnace reaches 500 ℃, and taking out the casting for air cooling.
S4, quenching: placing the casting subjected to annealing and air cooling in a heat treatment furnace for heating, wherein the charging temperature is less than 300 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, the heating is stopped until the temperature in the furnace reaches 700-720 ℃, and the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 2.0-2.5 h; raising the temperature again, controlling the temperature raising speed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, stopping the temperature raising until the temperature in the furnace reaches 880-900 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3.0-3.5 h, then taking out the casting and carrying out water cooling, wherein the water cooling process control conditions are as follows: the water cooling transfer time of the casting is less than or equal to 60 seconds, the water temperature is controlled to be 23-30 ℃, and the water cooling time is 5 minutes.
S5, tempering: and (3) placing the casting subjected to quenching and water cooling in a heat treatment furnace for heating and tempering within 30-60 min, wherein the charging temperature is less than 100 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, the heating is stopped until the temperature in the furnace reaches 165-185 ℃, the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 10.0-10.5 h, and then the casting is taken out and air-cooled.
S6, preparing a finished product: and (3) detecting the performance of the casting after the tempering and air cooling, thereby obtaining a casting finished product, namely completing the whole process of carrying out heat treatment on the medium-carbon low-alloy steel.
Example 2 (control group):
the same casting product is prepared by adopting the prior art normalizing, quenching and tempering processes and is used as a control group. The specific process steps are the same as those in example 1, and the tested double-base-bell test block of the casting and the double-base-bell test block of example 1 are products poured in the same furnace. Except that the "S3 anneal" step was omitted and the finished casting was made.
The heat treatment furnaces in example 1 and example 2 were all laboratory box muffle furnaces.
Example 1 and example 2 were performed 3 times, namely examples 3 to 6, and the product performance was examined to obtain product performance, as shown in table 2:
table 2: 1E4904 Medium carbon low alloy steel and performance of product obtained by adopting different heat treatment processes
Process for the preparation of a coating | Rp0.2Mpa | RPmMpa | A(%) | Z(%) | HBW | Akv/-40℃ |
Example 1 | 1249 | 1368 | 10.6 | 17 | 415 | 15、19、16 |
Example 3 | 1256 | 1266 | 8 | 19 | 409 | 24、19、19 |
Example 5 | 1238 | 1354 | 9.8 | 22 | 415 | 21、24、19 |
Example 2 | 1282 | 1356 | 2.5 | 8.5 | 405 | 18、16、15 |
Example 4 | 1276 | 1364 | 3.0 | 7.6 | 401 | 15、17、20 |
Example 6 | 1279 | 1354 | 2 | 9.5 | 415 | 15、14、17 |
Examples 1, 3 and 5 are experimental groups using the process of the present invention, and examples 2, 4 and 6 are control groups using the prior art.
It can be seen from the test result data, that is, the data in table 2, that the performance indexes of the experimental groups of examples 1, 3 and 5 adopting the process of the present invention all meet the standard requirements, especially the elongation and the reduction of area, and the elongation and the reduction of area of the control groups (examples 2, 4 and 6) are unqualified and are far from the processing result values of the experimental groups of the process of the present invention. Meanwhile, hardness of the samples treated by the two processes is detected by a King-3000 Brinell hardness tester, and as can be seen from the results of the two processes, the hardness basically does not change greatly.
The metallographic phase of the product samples of the test group and the control group is observed by 100 times under a microscope, and specifically as shown in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is the metallographic phase microstructure (100 times) of the product of the test group adopting the process of the invention, and fig. 3 is the metallographic phase microstructure (100 times) of the product of the control group adopting the process of the prior art. As can be seen from the figures 2 and 3, the metallographic structure of the test group product adopting the process of the invention in the figure 2 is tempered martensite, tempered sorbite, a small amount of free ferrite and fine residual austenite which is dispersedly distributed, and the residual austenite causes that the crack tends to be difficult to expand under the condition of relatively high carbon content, so that the elongation is improved; fig. 3 shows that the metallographic structure of the product of the control group obtained by the prior art process was tempered martensite + tempered sorbite + a small amount of ferrite. In addition, the metallographic structure and the crystal grains after the heat treatment of the test group are fine, because one annealing is added, in the process, the nucleation and the core growth process are performed for a long time again, and the subsequent reheating and cooling are performed, so that the nucleation and the core growth are performed for a long time again, a plurality of fine crystal fields are formed in the original crystal grains, the effect of refining the crystal grains can be achieved, and the mechanical property of the material is improved.
The heat treatment method of the carbon low-alloy steel is applied to actual production, the casting is dissected after the casting body is subjected to an annealing process (the position of the dissected body casting is shown in figure 4), the performance of the body completely meets the standard requirements, and the specific result test results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 bulk property results for castings of medium carbon low alloy steel process products of the invention 1E4904
Research results show that after one annealing treatment is added to the medium-carbon low-alloy steel 1E4904, the medium-carbon low-alloy steel can completely play a role in refining grains and homogenizing tissues, and then water quenching treatment is matched to obtain a mechanical performance result, so that the mechanical performance result does not influence performance indexes such as tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and the like while the elongation value is improved, and the link of the track plate of the excavator still has a good result of surface wear resistance and core plasticity.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a casting: casting a casting meeting the design requirement by using a medium-carbon low-alloy steel material as a raw material and pouring by using a mould;
s2, normalizing: loading the casting into a heat treatment furnace, wherein the loading temperature is less than 300 ℃, then heating, controlling the heating speed to be less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, stopping heating until the temperature in the furnace reaches 940-960 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3h, and finally taking out the casting for air cooling;
s3, annealing: heating the casting subjected to normalizing in a heat treatment furnace at a heating speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, stopping heating until the temperature in the furnace reaches 780-800 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3.0-3.5 h; cooling along with the furnace, controlling the cooling speed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, stopping until the temperature in the furnace reaches 680-700 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2.0-2.5 h; cooling along with the furnace again, controlling the cooling speed to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h until the temperature in the furnace reaches 500 ℃, taking out the casting for air cooling;
s4, quenching: placing the casting subjected to annealing and air cooling in a heat treatment furnace for heating, wherein the charging temperature is less than 300 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, the heating is stopped until the temperature in the furnace reaches 700-720 ℃, and the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 2.0-2.5 h; heating again, wherein the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h until the temperature in the furnace reaches 880-900 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 3.0-3.5 h, and then taking out the casting for water cooling;
s5, tempering: placing the casting subjected to quenching and water cooling in a heat treatment furnace for heating, wherein the charging temperature is less than 100 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, the heating is stopped until the temperature in the furnace reaches 165-185 ℃, the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 10.0-10.5 h, and then the casting is taken out and air-cooled;
s6, preparing a finished product: and (3) detecting the performance of the casting after the tempering and air cooling, thereby obtaining a casting finished product, namely completing the whole process of carrying out heat treatment on the medium-carbon low-alloy steel.
2. The method for heat treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the specific type of the medium carbon low alloy steel is 1E 4904.
3. The method for heat treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition (%) of the raw material of the medium carbon low alloy steel comprises, in terms of element mass%: 0.16 to 0.28; 0.30-0.70% of Si; 0.70-1.35% of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025; s is less than or equal to 0.020; 0.70-1.10% of Cr; 1.10-2.20 parts of Ni; 0.40 to 0.55 Mo.
4. The method for heat treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical property requirements of the medium carbon low alloy steel are as follows:
。
5. the method for heat treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein in the quenching step of S4, the water cooling process conditions are as follows: the water cooling transfer time of the casting is less than or equal to 60 seconds, the water temperature is controlled to be 23-30 ℃, and the water cooling time is 5 minutes.
6. The heat treatment method for medium-carbon low-alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein in the steps of S4 quenching and S5 tempering, the casting subjected to quenching and water cooling needs to be placed in a heat treatment furnace for temperature rise tempering within 30-60 min.
7. The method for heat-treating a medium-carbon low-alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the heat-treating furnace is a laboratory box muffle furnace.
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CN201911371558.XA CN111154956B (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | Heat treatment method of medium-carbon low-alloy steel |
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JP2000073137A (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-07 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Steel wire rod excellent in cold workability |
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JP2000192148A (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 2000-07-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Steel wire rod excellent in cold workability and its production |
CN109868350A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-06-11 | 盐城奥通特思克铸业有限公司 | A kind of alloy steel heat treatment process |
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Denomination of invention: A Heat Treatment Method for Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel Granted publication date: 20211130 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Huoshan Branch Pledgor: ANHUI YINGLIU GROUP HUOSHAN CASTING CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2024980024675 |