CN1111544A - 吸附方法 - Google Patents

吸附方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1111544A
CN1111544A CN 95101117 CN95101117A CN1111544A CN 1111544 A CN1111544 A CN 1111544A CN 95101117 CN95101117 CN 95101117 CN 95101117 A CN95101117 A CN 95101117A CN 1111544 A CN1111544 A CN 1111544A
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concentration
gas component
gas
air
adsorbent
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卡尔·施魏格特
克里斯蒂安·文德兰德
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/30Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047Pressure swing adsorption
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0229Purification or separation processes
    • C01B13/0248Physical processing only
    • C01B13/0259Physical processing only by adsorption on solids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40007Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40009Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption using sensors or gas analysers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40011Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40077Direction of flow
    • B01D2259/40081Counter-current
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/402Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2210/00Purification or separation of specific gases
    • C01B2210/0043Impurity removed
    • C01B2210/0046Nitrogen

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种吸附分离方法,该方法借助于 周期性地对吸附剂加载和卸载从而对至少由两种不 同组分A和B组成的原料气体混合物进行吸附分 离,其步骤为:在吸附阶段连续测量顺流出口管道中 气体组分A的浓度;在超过或低于给定的气体组分 A的浓度后,使原料气体混合物流过的吸附器结束 吸附阶段,并使该吸附器开始再生阶段;在再生阶段 连续测量逆流出口管道中气体组分A的浓度;在低 于或超过预定的气体组分A的浓度后,使上述再生 阶段结束。

Description

本发明涉及一种借助于周期性地对吸附剂加载和卸载从而对至少由两种不同组分A和B组成的原料气体混合物(Einsatzgasgemisch)进行吸附分离的方法,该方法在回收基本上由气体组分A或气体组分B组成的气流时,所述原料气体混合物流过吸附剂,使之或者从富含A或B气体组分的气流中提取待回收的产品,或者在再生吸附剂期间从富含A或B气体组分的气流中制取待回收的产品,在这种情况下,将吸附剂装在吸附剂容器内,原料气体混合物经入口管道进入吸附剂容器中,此外,该容器还设有顺流出口管道和逆流出口管道。
近几十年来,分离或净化气体混合物的吸附分离方法已广为人知。根据原料流的组分及所需要的产品流组分,可选用活性炭、硅胶、碳分子筛或沸石作为吸附剂。事实证明特别是采用在吸附阶段增压而在再生阶段或解吸阶段降压的吸附分离方法从空气中吸附分离氮和氧时,其产量可达5000Nm3/h(参见例如技术与科学中的Linde报告“用变压吸附装置对气体进行分离”Nr.57/1985,26-35页,尤其请参见3.4和3.5段)。传统的从空气中分离氧和氮的变压吸附方法根据时间安排切换的时间周期较短(约一分钟),即以较短的周期从吸附阶段切换到再生阶段。用变压吸附方法制取氮、更确切地说精细净化氮的时间周期总共约60秒。当前所采用的时间控制常见的缺点是:不能对如吸附剂质量不稳、吸附剂老化、温度和压力波动、因盖不密封等之引起的渗漏之类的干扰因素进行控制。这意味着例如在盖不密封或阀门密封不严的情况下,产品纯度将受到影响。
本发明的目的是提供一种克服了上述缺点的吸附分离方法。
按照本发明,完成上述目的的技术方案是:
a)在吸附阶段连续测量顺流出口管道中气体组分A的浓度;
b)在超过或低于预先给定的气体组分A的浓度之后,使原料气体混合物流过的吸附器结束吸附阶段,并使该吸附器开始再生阶段;
c)在再生阶段连续测量逆流出口管道中气体组分A的浓度;
d)在低于或超过预先给定的气体组分A的浓度之后,使上述再生阶段结束。
采用本发明的方法,在吸附分离过程中,每台吸附器的容量能得到最充分的利用,同时提高了产量。
下面根据图1及两个实施例对本发明及其它的作较详细的说明。
实施例1
图1为一种变压吸附装置的示意图,该装置包括两台彼此平行设置的吸附器X和Y。所述两台吸附器按一定相移地进行相同的吸附/再生循环。本实施例中描述的是用吸附法从空气中制取氮的过程,其中选用碳分子筛作为吸附剂。在这种情况中,可将已压缩且经预净化的空气经管道1和阀门V1送入处于吸附阶段的吸附器X中。由于存在于原料空气中的氧被吸附剂以很高的吸附速度吸附,富氮产品气流经阀V5和管道2排出。用λ探头(Lambda-Sonde)4测量经管道2流出的富氮产品气流中的氧浓度。氧浓度超过给定值(例如1%)则吸附器X中止吸附阶段,即从中止时刻起原料空气经阀V2流入吸附器Y,此时富氮产品气流经阀V6和管道2排出。在吸附器X处于再生阶段时,通过开启阀V3使其内压力为大气压力而对吸附剂进行再生,同时,富氧的剩余气体流经阀V3和管道3排出。还可用λ探头5对所述的剩余气体管道3中的富氧剩余气的氧浓度连续进行测量。对此也预定一给定值(例如20%),低于给定值则吸附器X中止再生阶段,吸附器X再切换到吸附阶段。当连续测量出的氧浓度超过或低于预定值时,在某个吸附器中吸附或再生阶段也就中止。因此,吸附器就再不会“多少有些盲目地”继续运行而连细微的白天/夜晚的温度波动或夏天/冬天的温度变化也不能补偿。如果根据外界条件如温度波动、吸附剂老化等,被测气体组分A(在本实施例中该组分为氧)达到了给定浓度,在本发明的方法中首先中止吸附,并切换到再生阶段。
实施例2
本实施例描述的是从空气中吸附回收氧的过程。此处利用的是沸石分子筛对氮的吸附作用比对氧的吸附作用强得多的性能。可以使已压缩的空气在阀V1和阀V5开启时经管道1流入吸附器X。富氧产品气流经阀V5和管道2排出,同时用一种分析仪器、最好是λ探头4连续测量富氧产品气流中的氧浓度(例如90%),当低于给定的氧浓度时,吸附器X中止吸附并切换到再生阶段。在这种情况下,吸附器X中已加载的吸附剂通过减压至大气压力而被再生。还可用λ探头5连续地测量在吸附器X处于再生阶段时经阀V3和管道3流出的富氧剩余气中的氧浓度。此时,若氧浓度超过给定的氧浓度值(例如20%)则再生阶段中止,并重新切换到吸附阶段。吸附器X处于再生阶段时,吸附器Y处于吸附阶段,也就是说,可以使压缩空气经管道1和阀V2送入吸附器Y,而富氧产品气流经阀V6和管道2排出。吸附器Y再生时所产生的剩余气经阀V4和管道3排出。
在本发明的方法中,通过不断地调节可能变化的吸附参数和解吸参数以及其它影响因素,可以使装置处于可靠且最佳的运行状态。本发明的方法尤其适用于无人监视的吸附装置。
除上述实施例中所提到的吸附分离过程外,本发明方法亦可用于那些用合适的浓度测量仪可测出包含在原料气混合物中的至少一种气体组分的气体组合物。对此采用可直接测出确定气体组分的浓度的各种仪器均是合适的。

Claims (3)

1、借助于周期性地对吸附剂加载和卸载从而对至少由两种不同组分A和B组成的原料气体混合物进行吸附分离的方法,该方法在回收一种基本上由气体组分A或气体组分B组成的气流时,上述原料气体混合物流过吸附剂,使之或者从富含A或B气体组分的气流中提取待回收的产品,或者在再生吸附剂期间从富含A或B气体组分的气流中提取待回收的产品,在这种情况下,将吸附剂装在吸附剂容器内,原料气体混合物经入口管道进入吸附剂容器中,此外,该容器还设有顺流出口管道和逆流出口管道,其特征在于:
a)在吸附阶段连续测量顺流出口管道中气体组分A的浓度;
b)在超过或低于预先给定的气体组分A的浓度后,使原料气体混合物流过的吸附器结束吸附阶段,并使该吸附器开始再生阶段;
c)在再生阶段连续测量逆流出口管道中气体组分A的浓度;
d)在低于或超过预先给定的气体组分A的浓度后,使上述再生阶段结束。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述原料气体混合物为空气。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于用λ探头连续测量氧气组分的浓度。
CN 95101117 1994-01-05 1995-01-05 吸附方法 Pending CN1111544A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DEP4400197.5 1994-01-05
DE19944400197 DE4400197A1 (de) 1994-01-05 1994-01-05 Adsorptionsverfahren

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PL (1) PL176332B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU95100757A (zh)
SK (1) SK795A3 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102240495A (zh) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-16 林德股份公司 吸附方法
CN106999835A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2017-08-01 林德股份公司 用于检查变压吸附设备中的量和纯度的方法和装置
CN110624526A (zh) * 2019-09-24 2019-12-31 常州大学 一种基于热气体脱附法的吸附剂再生装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19725678A1 (de) * 1996-12-11 1998-06-18 Sgi Prozess Technik Gmbh Druckwechselanlage zur Gewinnung von Sauerstoff aus der Luft und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen
EP0847791B1 (de) * 1996-12-11 2004-03-17 SGI-PROZESS-TECHNIK GmbH Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Druckwechselanlage zur Gewinnung von Sauerstoff aus der Luft
JP5968252B2 (ja) 2013-03-04 2016-08-10 大阪瓦斯株式会社 メタンガス濃縮方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102240495A (zh) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-16 林德股份公司 吸附方法
CN102240495B (zh) * 2010-05-12 2016-08-03 林德股份公司 吸附方法
CN106999835A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2017-08-01 林德股份公司 用于检查变压吸附设备中的量和纯度的方法和装置
CN110624526A (zh) * 2019-09-24 2019-12-31 常州大学 一种基于热气体脱附法的吸附剂再生装置
CN110624526B (zh) * 2019-09-24 2022-04-26 常州大学 一种基于热气体脱附法的吸附剂再生装置

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SK795A3 (en) 1996-03-06
PL306673A1 (en) 1995-07-10
PL176332B1 (pl) 1999-05-31
DE4400197A1 (de) 1995-07-06
RU95100757A (ru) 1996-10-27
CZ1495A3 (en) 1995-10-18

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