CN111153738A - Sustained-release synergistic wheat topless special fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sustained-release synergistic wheat topless special fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111153738A CN111153738A CN202010029822.8A CN202010029822A CN111153738A CN 111153738 A CN111153738 A CN 111153738A CN 202010029822 A CN202010029822 A CN 202010029822A CN 111153738 A CN111153738 A CN 111153738A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer comprises the following components: 24-30 parts of nitrogen, 0.5-1 part of double-effect inhibitor and 15-22 parts of P2O55 to 15 parts by weight of K2The fertilizer comprises O, 0.5-1 part by weight of manganese, 0.5-1 part by weight of boron and 0.3-0.8 part by weight of zinc, wherein the nitrogen comprises quick-acting nitrogen, intermediate-acting nitrogen and long-acting nitrogen, the intermediate-acting nitrogen provides nitrogen nutrients for 60-90 days, and the long-acting nitrogen provides nitrogen nutrients for 120-180 days. The special fertilizer provides quick-acting, medium-acting and long-acting nitrogen fertilizers for the growth of wheat, can realize one-time fertilization of wheat, is full in nutrition due to the addition of medium trace elements such as boron, zinc and manganese, meets the requirements of the wheat on different nutrients in each growth period, and reduces mutual inhibition among the elementsThus, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the yield of wheat is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Wheat is rich in protein, starch and fat, and is also an important energy source for human bodies. Wheat is the third major grain crop in China, and is also the main commodity grain and strategic reserve grain in China, and the yield stability directly influences the grain safety in China. The winter wheat growth period in China is as long as 8 months, including the growth periods of seedling emergence, tillering, overwintering, green turning, jointing, booting, heading, flowering, filling, maturing and the like, and the demand for nutrients is large and the time is long. At present, multiple fertilization is needed in production, and particularly, nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied for multiple times to meet the nutrient requirement in the growth period. With the reduction of the number of agricultural workers, the influence of seasonal transfer of labor force, the phenomenon of no topdressing in the later period of winter wheat frequently occurs, and the nutrient requirement of the wheat in the whole growth period can not be met obviously by the 'one-shot blast' of common fertilizers, so that the nutrient loss is serious and the yield of the wheat is reduced.
The wheat is subjected to the process of gradually raising the temperature at high temperature and low temperature from sowing to harvesting, and the requirement on the nutrient release performance of the wheat controlled release nitrogen fertilizer product is high. Although controlled release nitrogen fertilizer products are used on wheat crops, the phenomena of insufficient nutrient supply and the like caused by late-stage fertilizer release or slow release are often caused by fast early-stage nutrient release.
Therefore, the existing wheat controlled release fertilizer needs to be researched urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the special fertilizer provides quick-acting, medium-acting and long-acting nitrogen fertilizers for the growth of wheat, can realize one-time fertilization of wheat, is full in nutrition due to the addition of medium trace elements such as boron, zinc and manganese, meets the requirements of the wheat on different nutrients in each growth period, reduces the mutual inhibition among the elements, and obviously improves the yield of the wheat while improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a sustained-release synergistic wheat dressing-free special fertilizer. According to an embodiment of the invention, the special fertilizer comprises: 24-30 parts of nitrogen, 0.5-1 part of double-effect inhibitor and 15-22 parts of P2O55 to 15 parts by weight of K2O, 0.5-1 part by weight of manganese, 0.5-1 part by weight of boron and 0.3-0.8 part by weight of zinc, wherein the nitrogen comprises quick-acting nitrogen, intermediate-acting nitrogen and long-acting nitrogen, and the content of controlled-release nitrogen in the nitrogen is 9-20% by weight.
According to the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, quick-acting nitrogen with middle-acting nitrogen, long-acting nitrogen and double-effect inhibitor for delaying conversion are combined with common quick-acting nitrogen, so that quick-acting, middle-acting and long-acting nitrogen fertilizers can be provided for the growth of wheat, the requirement of the wheat on the nitrogen in the whole growth period is met, the wheat can be fertilized at one time, and a phosphorus source, a potassium source and medium and trace elements of manganese, boron and zinc are matched, wherein manganese can improve the chlorophyll content in plants, plays an important role in the formation, accumulation and transportation of carbohydrates in plants, can promote the growth and development of crops, and zinc can avoid the greening and whitening among wheat leaves, so that the wheat can avoid the damage of high temperature and drought, improve the quality of the crops, and boron can promote the growth, flower bud differentiation and the transportation and metabolism of the carbohydrates. Therefore, the special fertilizer provides quick-acting, medium-acting and long-acting nitrogen fertilizers for the growth of wheat, can realize one-time fertilization of wheat, is added with medium trace elements of boron, zinc and manganese, has comprehensive nutrition, meets the requirements of the wheat on different nutrients in each growth period, reduces the mutual inhibition among the elements, and obviously improves the yield of the wheat while improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
In addition, the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention also has the following additional technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, the fast-acting nitrogen is derived from at least one of synthetic ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, and urea. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the moderate nitrogen is derived from nitrogen released by the double-effect inhibitor in a delayed conversion period and/or polyurethane coated urea with a release period of 60-90 days before 60 days. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the long-acting nitrogen is derived from polyurethane coated urea with a release period of 120-180 days and/or nitrogen released after 60 days by polyurethane coated urea with a release period of 60-90 days. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the fast-acting nitrogen, the moderate-acting nitrogen and the long-acting nitrogen is 1: (2-4): (3-4). Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days to the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 120-180 days is (1.5-2): 1. therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the dual effect inhibitor comprises a nitrification inhibitor and a urease inhibitor. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the weight ratio of the nitrification inhibitor to the urease inhibitor is (2.5-7): 1. therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the nitrification inhibitor is derived from at least one of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide, and 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine, preferably 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the urease inhibitor is derived from at least one of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, hydroquinone and o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate, preferably n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, said P2O5From phosphorus-accumulating compoundsAt least one of ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate, preferably at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the phosphorus comprises 10 to 15% by weight of the total phosphorus.
In some embodiments of the invention, the K2O is derived from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate, preferably at least one of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the manganese is derived from at least one of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese carbonate, and manganese amino acid chelate, preferably at least one of manganese sulfate and manganese amino acid chelate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the boron is derived from at least one of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, borax, boric acid, and boron amino acid chelate, preferably at least one of boric acid and boron amino acid chelate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the Zn is derived from at least one of zinc EDTA chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, zinc polyaspartate chelate, and zinc ammonium polyphosphate chelate, preferably zinc ammonium polyphosphate chelate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the special fertilizer further comprises: 2-5 parts of cold-resistant drought-resistant water-retaining fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner. Therefore, the special fertilizer can adjust the humidity of the surrounding soil under the drought condition, is beneficial to loosening the soil and improves the absorption and utilization of the wheat to nutrients.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner is derived from at least one of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium polyacrylate, clay and potassium fulvate, preferably at least one of polyacrylamide, clay and potassium fulvate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the special fertilizer further comprises: 0.01-0.05 weight parts of auxiliary materials.
In some embodiments of the invention, the adjuvant is at least one of bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, zeolite powder and kaolin, preferably at least one of bentonite and attapulgite. Therefore, the fertilizer can be preserved, the soil can be improved, and the nutrient absorption of crops can be promoted.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing the special fertilizer. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
(1) mixing and granulating the quick-acting nitrogen source, the phosphorus source, the potassium source, the zinc source, the manganese source, the boron source and the double-effect inhibitor so as to obtain a compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor;
(2) the compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor is mixed with the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days and 120-180 days so as to obtain the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer.
According to the method for preparing the controlled-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer, the special fertilizer for providing quick-acting, medium-acting and long-acting nitrogen fertilizers for the growth of wheat can be prepared, the nutrients are comprehensive, the requirements of the wheat in different growth periods on different nutrients are met, and the wheat is fertilized once, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the yield of the wheat is obviously improved.
In addition, the method for preparing the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, step (1) is performed as follows: (1-1) mixing and granulating the quick-acting nitrogen source, the phosphorus source, the potassium source, the zinc source, the manganese source and the boron source to obtain a compound fertilizer; (1-2) dissolving the double effect inhibitor in acid, and then spraying the solution on the compound fertilizer, so as to obtain the compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (1-1), a cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner is added in the mixing granulation process. Therefore, the special fertilizer can adjust the humidity of the surrounding soil under the drought condition, is beneficial to loosening the soil and improves the absorption and utilization of the wheat to nutrients.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (1-1), the auxiliary materials are added during the mixing granulation process. Therefore, the fertilizer can be preserved, the soil can be improved, and the nutrient absorption of crops can be promoted.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (1-2), the acid is at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acrylic acid, hydrofluoric acid, chloric acid, and citric acid, preferably at least one of phosphoric acid and acrylic acid.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (1-2), the weight ratio of the dual effect inhibitor to the acid is 1: (10-40).
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a sustained-release synergistic wheat dressing-free special fertilizer. According to the embodiment of the invention, the special fertilizer comprises: 24-30 parts of nitrogen, 0.5-1 part of double-effect inhibitor and 15-22 parts of P2O55 to 15 parts by weight of K2O, 0.5-1 part by weight of manganese, 0.5-1 part by weight of boron and 0.3-0.8 part by weight of zinc, wherein the nitrogen comprises quick-acting nitrogen, intermediate-acting nitrogen and long-acting nitrogen, and the content of controlled-release nitrogen in the nitrogen is 9-20% by weight. The inventor finds that by combining the quick-acting nitrogen with the intermediate nitrogen, the long-acting nitrogen and the double-effect inhibitor for delaying the transformation with the common quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting, intermediate and long-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be provided for the growth of wheat, the requirement of the wheat on the nitrogen in the whole growth period is met, the wheat can be fertilized once, and the phosphorus source, the potassium source and the medium trace elements of manganese, boron and zinc are matched, wherein, manganese can improve the chlorophyll content in plants, plays an important role in the formation, accumulation and transportation of carbohydrates in plants, can promote the growth and development of crops, zinc can avoid the green and whitening between wheat leaves, thereby avoiding the damage of high temperature and drought, improving the quality of the crops, boron can promote the development of wheat root systemsFlower bud differentiation, promoting carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Therefore, the special fertilizer provides quick-acting, medium-acting and long-acting nitrogen fertilizers for the growth of wheat, can realize one-time fertilization of wheat, is added with medium trace elements of boron, zinc and manganese, has comprehensive nutrition, meets the requirements of the wheat on different nutrients in each growth period, reduces the mutual inhibition among the elements, and obviously improves the yield of the wheat while improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer. Specifically, the nitrogen content in the special fertilizer is 24 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, … … 29 parts by weight and 30 parts by weight; the content of the double-effect inhibitor is 0.5 weight part, 0.6 weight part, … … 0.9 weight part and 1 weight part; p2O5The content is 15 weight portions, 16 weight portions … … 21 weight portions, 22 weight portions; k2The O content is 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, … … 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight; the manganese content was 0.5 parts by weight, 0.6 parts by weight … … 0.9.9 parts by weight, 1 part by weight; the zinc content was 0.3 parts by weight, 0.4 parts by weight … … 0.7.7 parts by weight, 0.8 parts by weight. The inventor finds that the special fertilizer with the composition can not only meet the nutrient absorption of wheat in each growth period, but also avoid waste, thereby improving the yield of wheat on the basis of reducing the cost.
Furthermore, in the special fertilizer, the quick-acting nitrogen is at least one of synthetic ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea; the middle-effect nitrogen is nitrogen delayed in conversion by the double-effect inhibitor and/or nitrogen released by the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days before 60 days; the long-acting nitrogen is nitrogen released after 60 days from the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 120-180 days and/or the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days, so that the special fertilizer is S-shaped nutrient release, namely, the early-stage nutrient release is slow, the middle-stage nutrient release is rapid, and the later-stage nutrient release is gradually slowed, namely, the nutrient requirement in the whole growth period of the wheat is met. Preferably, the mass ratio of the quick-acting nitrogen to the intermediate-acting nitrogen to the long-acting nitrogen is 1: (2-4): (3-4), for example, 1: (2, 2.1 … … 3.9.9, 4): (3.1, 3.2 … … 3.9.9, 4). The inventor finds that if the content of the quick-acting nitrogen is too high, the early-stage nitrogen concentration is high, the seedling burning phenomenon can be caused, or the wheat grows too vigorously before overwintering and is frozen at low temperature, and if the content of the quick-acting nitrogen is too low, the early-stage growth nutrients of the wheat are insufficient, and strong seedlings are not easy to form; meanwhile, if the content of the middle-effect nitrogen is too high, the wheat is in the jointing and booting stage, the nitrogen released by the wheat in the period is not completely absorbed and utilized, the nitrogen loss is easily caused, and if the content of the slow-release nitrogen is too low, the nutrient requirement of the wheat in the jointing and booting stage cannot be met; in addition, if the content of the long-acting nitrogen is too high, the release period of the nutrients is long, the late-stage greedy and late-maturing of the wheat can be caused, and if the content of the nitrogen is too low, the nutrient requirement of the wheat in the filling stage can not be met, so that the yield is adversely affected. Therefore, the quick-acting nitrogen, the intermediate-acting nitrogen and the long-acting nitrogen which are prepared according to the proportion not only can avoid the loss of nitrogen nutrients, but also can meet the nitrogen nutrient requirement of the whole growth period of the wheat. Specifically, the polyurethane coated urea for providing middle-effect nitrogen and long-effect nitrogen and the quick-effect nitrogen for delaying the conversion of the double-effect inhibitor provide controlled-release nitrogen components, and the polyurethane coated urea for providing middle-effect nitrogen and long-effect nitrogen and the double-effect inhibitor and the quick-effect nitrogen are added in amounts to ensure that the content of the controlled-release nitrogen in the total nitrogen is 14-20 wt%, such as 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%. The inventor finds that if the content of the controlled-release nitrogen is too low, the nutrient requirement of the middle and later growth periods of the wheat can not be met, and grain filling is not facilitated; if the content of the controlled-release nitrogen is too high, the release period of the nutrients is long, and the wheat is not completely absorbed and utilized, so that the nitrogen loss is easily caused. Therefore, the controlled-release nitrogen with the content can meet the later nutrient requirement of the wheat and simultaneously avoid the loss of nitrogen. Furthermore, the mass ratio of the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days to the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 120-180 days is (1.5-2): 1, e.g. (1.5, 1.6 … … 1.9.1.9, 2): 1. the inventor finds that in a certain range of slow-release nitrogen content, if the content of the coated urea in the release period of 60-90 days is too high and the content of the coated urea in the release period of 120-180 days is low, the nutrient supply in the booting period of the wheat joints is sufficient, but the nutrient supply is insufficient in the grain filling period in the later period, so that the yield is influenced; if the content of the coated urea in the release period of 60-90 days is too low, and the content of the coated urea in 120-180 days is high, the nitrogen supply in the middle growth period of wheat is insufficient, the wheat is not favorable for booting, and the proportion of the controlled-release nitrogen in the later period is too high, so that the wheat is greedy and late-maturing in the later period and the nitrogen loss are easily caused. Therefore, the polyurethane coated urea with different release periods is adopted for matching, so that the loss of nitrogen nutrients can be avoided, and the nitrogen nutrient requirements of wheat in each growth period can be met.
Furthermore, the double-effect inhibitor in the special fertilizer comprises a nitrification inhibitor and a urease inhibitor, wherein the nitrification inhibitor can delay ammonium Nitrogen (NH)4 +) To nitrate Nitrogen (NO)2 -、NO3 -) The conversion of the fertilizer reduces the loss of nitrogen, further promotes the nutrient absorption of wheat, improves the nutrient utilization rate, the urease inhibitor can delay the conversion of urea into ammonium nitrogen, reduces the volatilization loss of ammonia, the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are matched with quick-acting nitrogen, intermediate-acting nitrogen and long-acting nitrogen for use, the obtained special fertilizer has synchronous nutrient release and the nutrient absorption of wheat, and can meet the nutrient requirement of the wheat in the whole growth period. Preferably, the weight ratio of the nitrification inhibitor to the urease inhibitor is (2.5-7): 1, for example, (2.5, 2.6 … … to 6.9, 7): 1. the inventor finds that the urease inhibitor generally delays the urea conversion period to 5-7 days, the action time is relatively short, and the ammonium nitrogen is relatively stable, so that the nitrification inhibitor has relatively high proportion, and can delay the conversion of the ammonium nitrogen to the nitrate nitrogen and reduce the loss of nitrogen. Specifically, the nitrification inhibitor of the present application is derived from at least one of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide, and 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine; the urease inhibitor is at least one of n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide, hydroquinone and o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate.
Meanwhile, in the special fertilizer, P is2O5Is derived from at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate, and preferably at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. Further, the content of the polymerized phosphorus is 10 to 15% by mass, for example, 10%, 11% … … 14%, 15% by mass of the total phosphorus. The inventor finds that the polymeric phosphorus is not easy to react with metal ions in the soil solution to cause phosphate radical to lose efficacy, the moving distance of the phosphorus in the soil is increased, the quick-acting and long-acting phosphorus nutrition can be continuously provided for the growth of wheat, but the excessive content of the polymeric phosphorus can cause fertilizerThe material cost is increased.
Further, in the special fertilizer, K2O is derived from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate, preferably at least one of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate; the manganese is at least one of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese carbonate and manganese amino acid chelate, preferably at least one of manganese sulfate and manganese amino acid chelate; boron is selected from at least one of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, borax, boric acid and amino acid chelated boron, preferably at least one of boric acid and amino acid chelated boron, amino acid is a protein composition and can be absorbed by plants, the protein content in wheat grains is improved, and stable chelate is generated after chelation is carried out on the amino acid chelated boron through metal ions and amino acid molecule coordination bonds, so that the fixation of ions in soil to boron and the mutual antagonism between ions are effectively reduced, and the effectiveness of boron is greatly improved. Zn is from at least one of EDTA chelated zinc, amino acid chelated zinc, polyaspartic acid chelated zinc and ammonium polyphosphate chelated zinc, preferably ammonium polyphosphate chelated zinc, and the oxidation state and chelated state zinc in the ammonium polyphosphate chelated zinc are matched, so that the absorption of the wheat to the zinc element in different periods can be met.
Further, in order to enable the special fertilizer to adjust the moisture degree of surrounding soil under drought conditions, facilitate loosening of the soil, improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients by wheat and improve the resistance of the wheat, 2-5 parts by weight of a cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner, such as 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight and 5 parts by weight, is further added into the special fertilizer. Preferably, the cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner is at least one selected from polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium polyacrylate, clay and potassium fulvate, and preferably at least one selected from polyacrylamide, clay and potassium fulvate.
Meanwhile, in order to further improve soil and promote the absorption of wheat to nutrients, 0.01-0.05 part by weight of auxiliary materials, such as 0.01 part by weight, 0.02 part by weight, 0.03 part by weight, 0.04 part by weight and 0.05 part by weight, are further added into the special fertilizer. Preferably, the auxiliary material is at least one of bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, zeolite powder and kaolin, and preferably at least one of bentonite and attapulgite.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing the sustained-release synergistic wheat dressing-free special fertilizer. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: mixing and granulating quick-acting nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source, zinc source, manganese source and boron source with double-effect inhibitor
In the step, mixing and granulating the quick-acting nitrogen source, the phosphorus source, the potassium source, the zinc source, the manganese source, the boron source and the double-effect inhibitor to obtain the compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor. Preferably, the quick-acting nitrogen source, the phosphorus source, the potassium source, the zinc source, the manganese source and the boron source are mixed and granulated to obtain the compound fertilizer, then the double-effect inhibitor is dissolved in acid and finally sprayed on the compound fertilizer to obtain the compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor. In a preferred scheme, the acid is at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acrylic acid, hydrofluoric acid, chloric acid and citric acid, preferably at least one of phosphoric acid and acrylic acid, and the weight ratio of the double-effect inhibitor to the acid is 1: (10-40), for example, 1: (10, 11 … … 39, 40). The inventor finds that if the acid content is too high, the amount of liquid brought into the fertilizer granulation process is large, the later drying consumes more energy, and the production cost is increased; if the acid content is too low, the inhibitor dissolves in the acid, resulting in an uneven distribution when sprayed on the fertilizer surface. Therefore, the mixing proportion can not only reduce the production cost, but also ensure that the inhibitor is uniformly distributed on the surface of the fertilizer.
Furthermore, in order to enable the special fertilizer to adjust the humidity of surrounding soil under drought conditions, facilitate loosening of the soil, improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients by wheat and improve the resistance of the wheat, a cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner is added in the mixed granulation process.
Meanwhile, in order to further improve the soil and promote the absorption of the wheat to nutrients, auxiliary materials are added in the mixing and granulating process.
S200: mixing the compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor with the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days and 120-180 days
In the step, the obtained compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor is mixed with the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days and 120-180 days to obtain the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer.
It should be noted that the addition amount of the compositions and the types of the quick-acting nitrogen source, the intermediate-acting nitrogen source, the long-acting nitrogen source, the double-effect inhibitor, the phosphorus source, the potassium source, the zinc source, the manganese source, the boron source, the cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner, the auxiliary materials and the like in the preparation method is based on the special fertilizer with the compositions, and in addition, the characteristics and the advantages described for the sustained-release and synergistic wheat dressing-free special fertilizer are also applicable to the method for preparing the sustained-release and synergistic wheat dressing-free special fertilizer, and are not repeated herein.
According to the method for preparing the controlled-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer, the special fertilizer for providing quick-acting, medium-acting and long-acting nitrogen fertilizers for the growth of wheat can be prepared, the nutrients are comprehensive, the requirements of the wheat in different growth periods on different nutrients are met, and the wheat is fertilized once, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the yield of the wheat is obviously improved.
The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are exemplary only, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, all reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or can be synthesized according to methods herein or known, and are readily available to those skilled in the art for reaction conditions not listed, if not explicitly stated.
Example 1
The method for preparing the controlled-release synergistic wheat dressing-free special fertilizer 26-20-8cl (the controlled-release nitrogen content in nitrogen is 9 wt%) comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 300kg of urea, 30kg of synthetic ammonia, 500kg of diammonium phosphate, 165kg of potassium chloride, 10kg of amino acid chelated manganese, 15kg of polyaspartic acid chelated zinc, 20kg of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate and 0.02kg of auxiliary materials (bentonite and attapulgite), crushing and mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the compound fertilizer;
(2) dissolving 0.38kg of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 0.152kg of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide in 20ml of sulfuric acid, and then uniformly spraying the obtained acid solution containing the double-effect inhibitor on the surface of the compound fertilizer to obtain 21-25-10cl of the compound fertilizer containing the double-effect inhibitor;
(3) and mixing 800kg of the 21-25-10cl compound fertilizer with 120kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 60-90 days and 80kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 120-180 days to obtain a finished product of the 26-20-8cl special fertilizer.
Example 2
The method for preparing the sustained-release synergistic wheat dressing-free special fertilizer 25-21-8cl (the controlled-release nitrogen content in nitrogen is 9 wt%) comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 255kg of urea, 30kg of ammonium chloride, 550kg of diammonium phosphate, 165kg of potassium sulfate, 9kg of manganese sulfate, 13kg of amino acid chelated zinc, 20kg of borax, 0.48kg of dicyandiamide, 0.065kg of o-phenylphosphoryl diamine and 0.02kg of bentonite, crushing and mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain 20-27-10cl of the compound fertilizer containing the double-effect inhibitor;
(2) mixing 800kg of the 20-27-10cl compound fertilizer with 120kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 60-90 days and 80kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 120-180 days to obtain a 25-21-8cl special fertilizer finished product.
Example 3
The method for preparing the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer 28-18-6cl (the content of controlled-release nitrogen in nitrogen is 13.5 wt%) comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 300kg of urea, 30kg of ammonium sulfate, 520kg of diammonium phosphate, 150kg of monopotassium phosphate, 10kg of amino acid chelated manganese, 15kg of ammonium polyphosphate chelated zinc, 20kg of boron fertilizer raw materials (boric acid and amino acid chelated boron) and 0.02kg of attapulgite, crushing and mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain a compound fertilizer;
(2) dissolving 0.52kg of 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine and 0.074kg of hydroquinone in 25ml of sulfuric acid, and then uniformly spraying the obtained acid solution containing the double-effect inhibitor on the surface of the compound fertilizer to obtain 21-26-9cl of the compound fertilizer containing the double-effect inhibitor;
(3) and mixing 700kg of the 21-26-9cl compound fertilizer with 200kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 60-90 days and 100kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 120-180 days to obtain a 28-18-6cl special fertilizer finished product.
Example 4
The method for preparing the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer 30-16-6cl (the content of controlled-release nitrogen in nitrogen is 16 wt%) comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 310kg of urea, 30kg of synthetic ammonia, 500kg of monoammonium phosphate, 160kg of potassium nitrate, 7kg of amino acid chelated manganese, 10kg of EDTA chelated zinc, 10kg of amino acid chelated boron, 0.8kg of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 0.15kg of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 0.02kg of auxiliary materials (bentonite and attapulgite), crushing and mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain 21.7-25-10cl of the compound fertilizer containing the double-effect inhibitor;
(2) 650kg of the 21.7-25-10cl compound fertilizer is mixed with 220kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with the release period of 60-90 days and 130kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with the release period of 120-180 days to obtain a finished product of the 30-16-6cl special fertilizer.
Example 5
The method for preparing the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer 24-21-8cl (the controlled-release nitrogen content in nitrogen is 13.5 wt%) comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 190kg of urea, 610kg of diammonium phosphate, 200kg of potassium chloride, 3kg of amino acid chelated manganese, 4kg of manganese sulfate, 10kg of ammonium polyphosphate chelated zinc, 5kg of boric acid, 5kg of amino acid chelated boron, 0.8kg of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 0.15kg of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 0.02kg of cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner (polyacrylamide and clay), crushing and mixing, adding into a granulator for granulation, and obtaining 15-30-12cl of compound fertilizer containing the double-effect inhibitor;
(2) and mixing 700kg of the 15-30-12cl compound fertilizer with 200kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 60-90 days and 100kg of polyurethane coated controlled release urea with a release period of 120-180 days to obtain a 24-21-8cl special fertilizer finished product.
The special fertilizer for wheat prepared in the examples 1 to 5 is taken, and field fertilizer efficiency tests are carried out for two years in different areas of Shandong and Hebei, the wheat variety is Jimai 22, fertilizer is applied in the green-turning period and the jointing-pulling and booting period respectively by conventional fertilizer treatment, and the field management measures are consistent for the rest treatments. The effect on wheat yield is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertiliser treatments on wheat yield
And (4) conclusion: as shown in the table 1, field experiments in the first year and the second year show that the application of the special controlled-release synergistic fertilizer for wheat of the examples 1 to 5 can realize one-time fertilization compared with the conventional fertilizer. Compared with the conventional fertilizer, the special fertilizer for wheat in the examples 1 to 5 is applied, the yield of the special fertilizer for wheat in the Shandong Texiao and Jining areas is increased by 9.7 percent per mu in the first field test and 9.2 percent in the second field test; the yield of the special slow controlled release synergistic fertilizer for wheat in Hebei Baoding and 28095can be increased by 8.3% per mu in the field test in the first year and 10.3% in the second year, which shows that the application of the special slow controlled release synergistic fertilizer for wheat has obvious yield increasing effect and stable performance between the annual lands and the land areas.
Table 2 shows the release of nitrogen from the special fertilizer and the absorption of nitrogen from wheat in different growth periods
Note: the theoretical nitrogen absorption amount of 100kg of wheat grains is 3kg, and the application amount is 60 kg/mu according to the target yield of 500 kg/mu.
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from Table 2, the wheat has two nitrogen absorption peaks, namely tillering to jointing stage and jointing to booting stage, and the nitrogen supply of the transformation is mainly delayed by the inhibitor, and the nitrogen is released in the release period of 60-90 days and 120-180 days, and the dressing-free special fertilizer for the wheat can meet the nutrient requirements of the wheat in each growth period to realize the dressing-free effect from Table 2.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components: 24-30 parts of nitrogen, 0.5-1 part of double-effect inhibitor and 15-22 parts of P2O55 to 15 parts by weight of K2O, 0.5 to 1 part by weight of manganese, 0.5 to 1 part by weight of boron, 0.3 to 0.8 part by weight of zinc,
wherein the nitrogen comprises quick-acting nitrogen, intermediate-acting nitrogen and long-acting nitrogen, and the content of controlled-release nitrogen in the nitrogen is 9-20 wt%.
2. The special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quick-acting nitrogen is derived from at least one of synthetic ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea;
optionally, the middle-effect nitrogen comes from nitrogen released by the polyurethane coated urea with the double-effect inhibitor for delaying conversion and/or the release period of 60-90 days before 60 days;
optionally, the long-acting nitrogen is derived from polyurethane coated urea with a release period of 120-180 days and/or nitrogen released by the polyurethane coated urea with a release period of 60-90 days after 60 days.
3. The special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the quick-acting nitrogen, the intermediate-acting nitrogen and the long-acting nitrogen is 1: (2-4): (3-4).
4. The special fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days to the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 120-180 days is (1.5-2): 1.
5. the special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the double-effect inhibitor comprises a nitrification inhibitor and a urease inhibitor;
optionally, the weight ratio of the nitrification inhibitor to the urease inhibitor is (2.5-7): 1;
optionally, the nitrification inhibitor is derived from at least one of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, dicyandiamide, and 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine, preferably 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate;
optionally, the urease inhibitor is derived from at least one of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, hydroquinone and o-phenyl phosphorodiamidate, preferably n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide.
6. The special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein P is selected from the group consisting of sodium phosphate2O5At least one selected from ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate, preferably at least one selected from ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate;
optionally, the mass of the polymeric phosphorus accounts for 10-15% of the total phosphorus;
optionally, K is2O is derived from at least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate, preferably at least one of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate;
optionally, the manganese is at least one of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese carbonate and manganese amino acid chelate, preferably at least one of manganese sulfate and manganese amino acid chelate;
optionally, the boron is derived from at least one of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, borax, boric acid and boron amino acid chelate, preferably at least one of boric acid and boron amino acid chelate;
optionally, the Zn is derived from at least one of EDTA chelated zinc, amino acid chelated zinc, polyaspartic acid chelated zinc and ammonium polyphosphate chelated zinc, preferably ammonium polyphosphate chelated zinc.
7. The special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: 2-5 parts by weight of a cold-resistant drought-resistant water-and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner;
optionally, the cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner is at least one selected from polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium polyacrylate, clay and potassium fulvate, and preferably at least one selected from polyacrylamide, clay and potassium fulvate.
8. The special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: 0.01-0.05 weight parts of auxiliary materials;
optionally, the auxiliary material is at least one of bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, zeolite powder and kaolin, and preferably at least one of bentonite and attapulgite.
9. A method for preparing the special fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises:
(1) mixing and granulating the quick-acting nitrogen source, the phosphorus source, the potassium source, the zinc source, the manganese source, the boron source and the double-effect inhibitor so as to obtain a compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor;
(2) the compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor is mixed with the polyurethane coated urea with the release period of 60-90 days and 120-180 days so as to obtain the sustained-release synergistic wheat topdressing-free special fertilizer.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein step (1) is performed according to the steps of:
(1-1) mixing and granulating the quick-acting nitrogen source, the phosphorus source, the potassium source, the zinc source, the manganese source and the boron source to obtain a compound fertilizer;
(1-2) dissolving the double effect inhibitor in acid, and then spraying the solution on the compound fertilizer, so as to obtain the compound fertilizer containing the inhibitor.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein in step (1-1), a cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining soil conditioner is added during the mixed granulation process.
12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein in step (1-1), an auxiliary material is added during the mixing granulation.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein in step (1-2), the acid is at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acrylic acid, hydrofluoric acid, chloric acid, and citric acid, preferably at least one of phosphoric acid and acrylic acid.
14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein in step (1-2), the weight ratio of the dual effect inhibitor to the acid is 1: (10-40).
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