CN111149746B - 一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法，包括以下步骤：虾池建设、水源处理、投放虾苗、养殖处理，对虾池进行消毒，注水后投入生物制剂进行调节水质，改善虾池的养殖环境，起到预防病害的作用，提高存活率；分时期进行养殖处理，调节水质管理，每个时期投喂不同的饵料，使用植物组合搭配提高对虾的免疫力，提升对虾体内的营养成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域，特别涉及一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法。
背景技术
斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)俗称鬼虾、草虾、花虾、竹节虾、金刚斑节对虾、斑节虾、牛形对虾，联合国粮农组织通称大虎虾，该虾的亲本是来源于非洲的野生斑节对虾。分类学上隶属于节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、软甲纲(Crustacea)、十足目(Decapoda)、枝鳃亚目(Natantia)、对虾科(Penaeidae)、对虾属(Penaeus)、Litopenaeus亚属，是对虾属中最大型种。广盐性，能耐高温和低氧，对低温的适应力较弱。抗病能力较强。个体大，壳较厚，可食比例低于中国对虾，肉质鲜美，营养丰富，目前斑节对虾养殖成品的存活率和成长往往受到天气变化的制约，而且难以控制养殖生物的安全和水体质量，因此产量难以控制，甚至大规模对虾死亡，存活的对虾营养成分含量低，养殖户的经济效益受到严重损失。
发明内容
鉴于此，本发明提出一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法，解决上述问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：
S1、虾池建设：选择深度为1.5～2.2m的池塘，清理池塘进行暴晒12～36h，喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸进行清洗内壁，喷洒量为0.5～1.0kg/m2，重复清洗1～3次；
S2、水源处理：海水依次经过海区水源过滤装置的粗沙、细沙、活性炭、筛网过滤后抽至养殖池，投入生物制剂进行调节水质，投入量为20～40ppm/m2，所述生物制剂为木耳菌、蛭弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、聚乙烯醇、海洋红酵母；
S3、投放虾苗：投放规格为2～4厘米以上体表干净的虾苗，投放密度为0.8～1.0万尾/亩，
S4、养殖处理：
1～25天：每2～4h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂5～8次，日投喂量为虾体重的1～3％，所述饲料为玉米素、裸藻、轮虫、沙虫；水温10～13℃，调节盐度10～20、pH值为7.8～8.5、池塘溶氧量为3～5mg/L；
25天后每3～5h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂3～5次，日投喂量为虾体重的2～4％，所述饲料为蛋白虫、瑶柱、蚌肉；水温18～23℃，调节盐度22～26、pH值为7.8～8.5、池塘溶氧量为4～7mg/L；
50天后每6h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂1～3次，日投喂量为白虾体重的4～6％，所述饲料为大豆肽、玉米肽、沙蒜、卤虫和人工配制饲料；水温24～30℃，调节盐度15～20、pH值为7.8～8.5、池塘溶氧量为3～5mg/L。
进一步的，所述溴氯海因的浓度为10～24％，溴氯海因和肉桂酸的重量份比为0.14～1：1。
进一步的，生物制剂为木耳菌1～3份、蛭弧菌2～5份、蜡样芽孢杆菌1～4份、聚乙烯醇2～5份、海洋红酵母2～4份。
进一步的，玉米素2～5份、裸藻1～6份、轮虫2～7份、沙虫3～6份。
进一步的，蛋白虫1～5份、瑶柱1～3份、蚌肉2～6份。
进一步的，大豆肽2～4份、玉米肽1～3份、沙蒜2～5份、卤虫1～4份。
进一步的，所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕6～8份、纵条肌海葵7～10份、路边青8～12份、节节草5～11份、木犀1～3份、银杏叶2～6份、维生素C 3～5份。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明对虾池暴晒，增加透气性，加速底泥表层有机质的风化分解，对虾池进行消毒，能迅速彻底杀灭病原菌、寄生虫等敌害生物，控制喷洒量，避免过量喷洒而造成水源污染，注水后投入生物制剂进行调节水质，科学配制生物制剂，能够吸收利用水体中的有机物和氨氮，可有效抑制其他有害微生物的繁殖，起到生物防治的作用，从而避免了抗生素的使用，将木耳菌和蛭弧菌可浸染并裂解其他细菌，对育苗水体中的多种致病菌都有良好的裂解作用，起到预防病害的作用，提高存活率；
(2)分时期进行养殖处理，调节水质管理，每个时期投喂不同的饵料，针对对虾的生长情况合理配制饵料，提高对虾的生长指标，增强对虾的体质，搭配人工配制饲料，发酵菜粕替代鱼粉，具有活性物质，使用植物组合搭配提高对虾的免疫力，提升对虾体内的营养成分。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：
S1、虾池建设：选择深度为1.5m的池塘，清理池塘进行暴晒12h，喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸进行清洗内壁，溴氯海因的浓度为10％，溴氯海因和肉桂酸的重量份比为0.14：1，喷洒量为0.5kg/m2，重复清洗1次；
S2、水源处理：海水依次经过海区水源过滤装置的粗沙、细沙、活性炭、筛网过滤后抽至养殖池，投入生物制剂进行调节水质，投入量为20ppm/m2，所述生物制剂为木耳菌1份、蛭弧菌2份、蜡样芽孢杆菌1份、聚乙烯醇2份、海洋红酵母2份；
S3、投放虾苗：投放规格为2～4厘米以上体表干净的虾苗，投放密度为0.8万尾/亩，
S4、养殖处理：
1～25天：每2h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂5次，日投喂量为虾体重的1％，所述饲料为玉米素2份、裸藻1份、轮虫2份、沙虫3份；水温10℃，调节盐度10、pH值为7.8、池塘溶氧量为3mg/L；
25天后每3h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂3次，日投喂量为虾体重的2％，所述饲料为蛋白虫1份、瑶柱1份、蚌肉2份；水温18℃，调节盐度22、pH值为7.8、池塘溶氧量为4mg/L；
50天后每6h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂1次，日投喂量为虾体重的4％，所述饲料为大豆肽2份、玉米肽1份、沙蒜2份、卤虫1份和人工配制饲料；水温24℃，调节盐度15、pH值为7.8、池塘溶氧量为3mg/L；所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕6份、纵条肌海葵7份、路边青8份、节节草5份、木犀1份、银杏叶2份、维生素C 3份。
实施例2
一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：
S1、虾池建设：选择深度为2.2m的池塘，清理池塘进行暴晒36h，喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸进行清洗内壁，溴氯海因的浓度为24％，溴氯海因和肉桂酸的重量份比为1：1，喷洒量为1.0kg/m2，重复清洗3次；
S2、水源处理：海水依次经过海区水源过滤装置的粗沙、细沙、活性炭、筛网过滤后抽至养殖池，投入生物制剂进行调节水质，投入量为40ppm/m2，所述生物制剂为木耳菌3份、蛭弧菌5份、蜡样芽孢杆菌4份、聚乙烯醇5份、海洋红酵母4份；
S3、投放虾苗：投放规格为2～4厘米以上体表干净的虾苗，投放密度为1.0万尾/亩，
S4、养殖处理：
1～25天：每4h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂8次，日投喂量为虾体重的3％，所述饲料为玉米素5份、裸藻6份、轮虫7份、沙虫6份；水温13℃，调节盐度20、pH值为8.5、池塘溶氧量为5mg/L；
25天后每5h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂5次，日投喂量为虾体重的4％，所述饲料为蛋白虫5份、瑶柱3份、蚌肉6份；水温23℃，调节盐度26、pH值为8.5、池塘溶氧量为7mg/L；
50天后每6h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂3次，日投喂量为虾体重的6％，所述饲料为大豆肽4份、玉米肽3份、沙蒜5份、卤虫4份和人工配制饲料；水温30℃，调节盐度20、pH值为8.5、池塘溶氧量为5mg/L；所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕8份、纵条肌海葵10份、路边青12份、节节草11份、木犀3份、银杏叶6份、维生素C 5份。
实施例3
一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：
S1、虾池建设：选择深度为2m的池塘，清理池塘进行暴晒24h，喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸进行清洗内壁，溴氯海因的浓度为22％，溴氯海因和肉桂酸的重量份比为0.6：1喷洒量为0.8kg/m2，重复清洗2次；
S2、水源处理：海水依次经过海区水源过滤装置的粗沙、细沙、活性炭、筛网过滤后抽至养殖池，投入生物制剂进行调节水质，投入量为30ppm/m2，所述生物制剂为木耳菌2份、蛭弧菌3份、蜡样芽孢杆菌2份、聚乙烯醇4份、海洋红酵母3份；
S3、投放虾苗：投放规格为2～4厘米以上体表干净的虾苗，投放密度为0.9万尾/亩，
S4、养殖处理：
1～25天：每3h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂6次，日投喂量为虾体重的2％，所述饲料为玉米素3份、裸藻3份、轮虫5份、沙虫4份；水温11℃，调节盐度15、pH值为8、池塘溶氧量为4mg/L；
25天后每4h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂4次，日投喂量为虾体重的3％，所述饲料为蛋白虫3份、瑶柱2份、蚌肉4份；水温20℃，调节盐度24、pH值为8、池塘溶氧量为6mg/L；
50天后每6h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂2次，日投喂量为白虾体重的5％，所述饲料为大豆肽3份、玉米肽2份、沙蒜3份、卤虫3份和人工配制饲料；水温26℃，调节盐度18、pH值为8、池塘溶氧量为4mg/L；所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕7份、纵条肌海葵8份、路边青10份、节节草9份、木犀2份、银杏叶4份、维生素C 4份。
实施例4
一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：
S1、虾池建设：选择深度为1.5m的池塘，清理池塘进行暴晒12h，喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸进行清洗内壁，溴氯海因的浓度为10％，溴氯海因和肉桂酸的重量份比为0.14：1，喷洒量为0.5kg/m2，重复清洗1次；
S2、水源处理：海水依次经过海区水源过滤装置的粗沙、细沙、活性炭、筛网过滤后抽至养殖池，投入生物制剂进行调节水质，投入量为20ppm/m2，所述生物制剂为木耳菌2份、蛭弧菌3份、蜡样芽孢杆菌2份、聚乙烯醇4份、海洋红酵母3份；
S3、投放虾苗：投放规格为2～4厘米以上体表干净的虾苗，投放密度为0.8～1.0万尾/亩，
S4、养殖处理：
1～25天：每2h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂5次，日投喂量为虾体重的1％，所述饲料为玉米素3份、裸藻3份、轮虫5份、沙虫4份；水温10℃，调节盐度10、pH值为7.8、池塘溶氧量为3mg/L；
25天后每3h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂3次，日投喂量为虾体重的2％，所述饲料为蛋白虫5份、瑶柱3份、蚌肉6份；水温18℃，调节盐度22、pH值为7.8、池塘溶氧量为4mg/L；
50天后每6h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂1次，日投喂量为虾体重的4％，所述饲料为大豆肽3份、玉米肽2份、沙蒜3份、卤虫3份和人工配制饲料；水温24℃，调节盐度15、pH值为7.8、池塘溶氧量为3mg/L；所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕7份、纵条肌海葵8份、路边青10份、节节草9份、木犀2份、银杏叶4份、维生素C 4份。
实施例5
一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：
S1、虾池建设：选择深度为2.2m的池塘，清理池塘进行暴晒36h，喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸进行清洗内壁，溴氯海因的浓度为24％，溴氯海因和肉桂酸的重量份比为1：1，喷洒量为1.0kg/m2，重复清洗3次；
S2、水源处理：海水依次经过海区水源过滤装置的粗沙、细沙、活性炭、筛网过滤后抽至养殖池，投入生物制剂进行调节水质，投入量为40ppm/m2，所述生物制剂为木耳菌2份、蛭弧菌3份、蜡样芽孢杆菌2份、聚乙烯醇4份、海洋红酵母3份；
S3、投放虾苗：投放规格为2～4厘米以上体表干净的虾苗，投放密度为1.0万尾/亩，
S4、养殖处理：
1～25天：每4h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂8次，日投喂量为虾体重的3％，所述饲料为玉米素3份、裸藻3份、轮虫5份、沙虫4份；水温13℃，调节盐度20、pH值为8.5、池塘溶氧量为5mg/L；
25天后每5h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂5次，日投喂量为虾体重的4％，所述饲料为蛋白虫3份、瑶柱2份、蚌肉4份；水温23℃，调节盐度26、pH值为8.5、池塘溶氧量为7mg/L；
50天后每6h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂3次，日投喂量为虾体重的6％，所述饲料为大豆肽3份、玉米肽2份、沙蒜3份、卤虫3份和人工配制饲料；水温30℃，调节盐度20、pH值为8.5、池塘溶氧量为5mg/L；所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕7份、纵条肌海葵8份、路边青10份、节节草9份、木犀2份、银杏叶4份、维生素C 4份。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于，一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：所述虾池建设中未喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于，一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：所述水源处理中未投入生物制剂进行调节水质。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于，一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：所述养殖处理中采用同一时期养殖条件：每4h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂4次，日投喂量为虾体重的3％，所述饲料为蛋白虫3份、瑶柱2份、蚌肉4份；水温20℃，调节盐度24、pH值为8、池塘溶氧量为6mg/L。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于，一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法：包括以下步骤：所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕4份、纵条肌海葵11份、路边青6份、节节草12份、木犀1份、银杏叶1份、维生素C 3份。
一、斑节对虾的形态指标和存活率
对实施例1～5和对比例1～4培育的斑节对虾与普通养殖斑节对虾进行测定平均形态指标和存活率
由上表可知，实施例1～5对比，对虾池建设、水源处理、投放密度、养殖处理等各个步骤的处理，对水源水质的管理，分时期养殖，不同时期采用不同的饵料和水质调控，科学配制人工配制饵料，养殖出的斑节对虾形态指标合格和存活率高，对比例1～4中，水源处理中缺少生物制剂进行调节水质，以及采用同一时期养殖，养殖斑节对虾时在水源上不同处理，在平均体长、平均体重和存活率上略低于实施例3，现有的普通养殖方法的斑节对虾的生长指标均低于本发明的养殖方法。
二、营养成分检测
采集实施例1～5和对比例1～4培育的斑节对虾，去头胸甲，去壳，取腹部肌肉，用剪刀剪成肉糜，参照《中华人民共和国食品安全国家标准汇编》中的相关标准进行处理，采用水分快速测定仪测定水分含量，使用马福炉(SG M16/10A)测定粗灰分含量；用凯氏定氮仪(FOSS Kjeltec 8400)测定粗蛋白质含量，用(FOSS soxtec 8000)脂肪测定仪测定粗脂肪含量。
由上表可知，通过虾池建设、水源控制、分时期调控养殖条件，科学配制每一时期的饲料，有利于斑节对虾的健康生长，营养成分含量高，实施例3中斑节对虾水分75.09％，粗灰分1.89％，粗蛋白24.98％，粗脂肪0.26％。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1、虾池建设：选择深度为1.5~2.2m的池塘，清理池塘进行暴晒12~36h，喷洒溴氯海因和肉桂酸进行清洗内壁，喷洒量为0.5~1.0kg/m2，重复清洗1~3次；所述溴氯海因的浓度为10~24%，溴氯海因和肉桂酸的重量份比为0.14~1：1；
S2、水源处理：海水依次经过海区水源过滤装置的粗沙、细沙、活性炭、筛网过滤后抽至养殖池，投入生物制剂进行调节水质，投入量为20~40ppm/m2，所述生物制剂为木耳菌、蛭弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、聚乙烯醇、海洋红酵母；
S3、投放虾苗：投放规格为2厘米以上体表干净的虾苗，投放密度为0.8~1.0万尾/亩；
S4、养殖处理：
1~25天：每2~4h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂5~8次，日投喂量为虾体重的1~3%，饲料为玉米素、裸藻、轮虫、沙虫；水温10~13℃，调节盐度10~20、pH值为7.8~8.5、池塘溶氧量为3~5mg/L；
25天后每3~5h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂3~5次，日投喂量为虾体重的2~4%，饲料为蛋白虫、瑶柱、蚌肉；水温18~23℃，调节盐度22~26、pH值为7.8~8.5、池塘溶氧量为4~7mg/L；
50天后每6h投喂饲料一次，每天投喂1~3次，日投喂量为虾体重的4~6%，饲料为大豆肽、玉米肽、沙蒜、卤虫和人工配制饲料；水温24~30℃，调节盐度15~20、pH值为7.8~8.5、池塘溶氧量为3~5mg/L；
所述人工配制饲料为发酵菜粕6~8份、纵条肌海葵7~10份、路边青8~12份、节节草5~11份、木犀1~3份、银杏叶2~6份、维生素C 3~5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法，其特征在于：所述生物制剂为木耳菌1~3份、蛭弧菌2~5份、蜡样芽孢杆菌1~4份、聚乙烯醇2~5份、海洋红酵母2~4份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法，其特征在于：所述玉米素2~5份、裸藻1~6份、轮虫2~7份、沙虫3~6份。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法，其特征在于：所述蛋白虫1~5份、瑶柱1~3份、蚌肉2~6份。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种斑节对虾的池塘养殖方法，其特征在于：所述大豆肽2~4份、玉米肽1~3份、沙蒜2~5份、卤虫1~4份。
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