CN111149461A - Cucurbitaceae seed shell treatment method - Google Patents
Cucurbitaceae seed shell treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149461A CN111149461A CN202010071869.0A CN202010071869A CN111149461A CN 111149461 A CN111149461 A CN 111149461A CN 202010071869 A CN202010071869 A CN 202010071869A CN 111149461 A CN111149461 A CN 111149461A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds, belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a method for treating shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds. The method comprises the following steps: (1) seed soaking: soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 deg.C for 3-5 hr, and then soaking in cold water at 20 deg.C for 5-7 hr; (2) seed removal: selecting middle horizontal lines of two concave parts from two concave parts formed by the two sides of the seed mons and the seed ridge line of the soaked seed, and cutting off the upper parts of the seed mons from the middle of the two concave parts along the horizontal lines; (3) accelerating germination: accelerating germination of the seed without the seed port at 25-28 ℃, and sowing when the length of the root bud is 3-5 mm; (4) and (3) seedbed disinfection: before sowing, spraying disinfectant on each square meter of seedbed for disinfection treatment; (5) and (3) conventional management: and (4) sowing the seeds, and performing coverage management after sowing. The method of the invention can shorten the time of seedling emergence, improve the rate of seedling emergence, avoid the phenomena of seed rot and bud rot and reduce the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a seed shell treatment method, and particularly relates to a Cucurbitaceae seed shell treatment method.
Background
The Cucurbitaceae plant includes Cucurbita pepo, pulp Citrulli, fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae, etc. In the prior art cultivation of Cucurbitaceae crops, in order to improve germination rate and shorten seedling emergence time, the large-grain seeds of Cucurbitaceae including Cucurbita pepo, watermelon and pumpkin are all dibbled, and in order to ensure the seedling emergence rate and seedling emergence quality, the dormancy stage of the seeds needs to be broken first, then dibbling is carried out, and the key point is that after selected high-quality seeds are soaked for germination, dibbling is carried out to a seedbed or a hole tray, and then a layer of 1-2 cm fabric is covered on the surfaces of the seeds. However, the following disadvantages exist during seed coat handling and dibbling: 1) when the dormancy stage of the seeds is broken, scratching treatment is carried out on the seeds, namely, the outer surfaces of the seeds are scratched by a sharp object, and the depth of scratches is not standard and is difficult to grasp; the scratch part is uncertain; the scratches are different in number and the scratches and wounds cannot be treated or protected; 2) the germination is slow, and the germination time needs about 5-7 days; 3) the germination rate is low, generally 85-90%, the germination rate is lower under extreme weather conditions, the produced weak seedlings are more than 10-25%, and the waste is directly 15-30%; 4) the phenomena of seed rot and bud rot are serious, and the phenomena are difficult to observe in a short period; 5) irregular emergence of seedlings and many weak seedlings; 6) the cultivation is not easy to be supplemented when the seedlings are short and the ridges are broken; 7) time and labor are wasted, and the operation is complicated.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art in the treatment of the seeds in the dormancy stage, the invention develops a method for treating the shells of the Cucurbitaceae seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for treating shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed soaking: soaking Cucurbitaceae seeds in warm water of 50-55 deg.C for 3-5 hr, and soaking in cold water of 20 deg.C for 5-7 hr;
(2) seed removal: selecting middle horizontal lines of two concave parts from two concave parts formed by the two sides of the seed mons and the seed ridge line of the soaked seed, and cutting off the upper parts of the seed mons from the middle of the two concave parts along the horizontal lines;
(3) accelerating germination: accelerating germination of the seed without the seed port at 25-28 ℃, and sowing when the length of the root bud is 3-5 mm;
(4) and (3) seedbed disinfection: before sowing, spraying disinfectant on each square meter of seedbed for disinfection treatment;
(5) and (3) conventional management: and (4) sowing the seeds, and performing coverage management after sowing.
Further, the Cucurbitaceae seeds include Cucurbita pepo, watermelon, pumpkin and the like.
The seed mons removal means that two sunken parts formed by the left side and the right side of the seed mons and a ridge line are not on the same horizontal line at the position of the seed mons, the middle horizontal line of the two sunken parts is selected to be rapidly cut off by scissors at one time, the tip part of a seed coat in the seed can be seen from the top, and the distance between the cutting separation line and the top of the seed mons is 0.1-0.2 mm.
The seed of the Cucurbitaceae after the seed removal of the fun is soaked in the solution of the trisodium phosphate for 2 to 3 hours, wound disinfection treatment is carried out, and then pregermination is carried out.
The disinfectant used for disinfecting the seedbed is formalin, potassium permanganate or carbendazim.
The seedbed disinfection is to spray 30-50 ml of 45% formalin mixed with 3 liters of water per square meter of seedbed.
The cover has the weight of 80-85 g/square meter and the width of two meters, has the characteristics of elasticity, vertical sensitivity and waterproofness, can create a more suitable small growing and developing environment, promotes wound healing of seed shells, and avoids physiological diseases such as seed stuffiness, seed rot, cotyledon scald and the like and other invasive diseases.
When the method is specifically implemented, high-quality Cucurbitaceae seeds which are full in particles, free of diseases and insect pests and free of physical damage are selected, firstly, the seeds are soaked in warm water for 3-5 hours, then, the seeds are soaked in cold water for 5-7 hours, then, the seeds after soaking are treated by a caruncle removing method, gloves which are light and thin in material are worn during operation, a concave part which is formed by the seed caruncle and a seed ridge line and is closest to a radicle is pinched by the left hand, the seed ridge line of a seed shell is exposed to play a role in fixing the seeds, then, scissors are clamped by the right hand to cut, and a middle horizontal line of two concave parts is selected to cut a separation line and cannot be lower than the concave part which is closest to the radicle in the two concave parts; accelerating germination of seeds without the seed caruncles, and after 3-5mm of new buds grow out, performing seedbed seedling culture or plug seedling culture, wherein a proper amount of calcium phosphate or plant ash can be added into nutrient soil to promote rooting and germination of the seeds, 50-hole circular hole plugs are selected for plug seedling culture, and the single-hole volume is 53 ml; the weight of the covering for sowing is 80-85 g per square meter, thereby avoiding the occurrence of physiological diseases such as seed stuffiness, seed rot, cotyledon scald and the like and other invasive diseases, and then performing conventional management according to the traditional method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the seedling emergence time can be shortened, after the outer seed coat is broken, the inner part of the seed is directly contacted with the external environment, the smooth exchange of gas and water is realized, the dormancy time of the seed can be better broken, the seedling emergence time is shortened by 3-5 days compared with the traditional method, and the seedling emergence time is shorter under the extreme weather condition;
(2) the seed hull treatment effect is good, the traditional hull breaking technology for the seed epidermis through scratches and the like has high treatment difficulty, the depths of wounds are different, the wound depth has no effect, and the wound depth damages the internal tissues of the seeds;
(3) the seedling quality is high, the rooting is promoted, the germination is facilitated, the seedlings are uniform, and the later-stage management is easy;
(4) the covering is adopted, so that wound healing of the seed shell can be promoted, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, the seedling quality is improved, and the cost is reduced;
(5) the method can greatly shorten the time of seedling emergence, and can be used as one of remedial measures when seedlings are missing and broken or the seedlings need to be replenished under extreme conditions;
(6) the utilization rate of the seeds is improved, particularly the high-end seeds and the parent, the female parent and other precious seeds for breeding the seeds are particularly improved, the number of emergence days is shortened, weak seedlings and disease phenomena are reduced, and the labor cost and the capital investment can be greatly saved.
In conclusion, the method can shorten the seedling emergence time, improve the seedling emergence rate, avoid the phenomena of seed rot and bud rot and reduce the cost.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for treating a cucurbita pepo seed shell comprises the following steps:
(1) seed soaking: : soaking Cucurbita pepo seeds in warm water at 50-55 deg.C for 3 hr, and then soaking in cold water at 20 deg.C for 4 hr;
(2) seed removal: wearing gloves, pinching a concave part formed by the seed ridge line and the position, closest to the radicle, of the seed caruncle by using the thumb of the left hand and the forefinger, exposing the seed ridge line of the seed shell to play a role in fixing the seed, then clamping a scissors by using the right hand to cut, selecting a middle horizontal line of the two concave parts by using a cutting separation line which cannot be lower than the concave part, closest to the radicle, of the two concave parts, and enabling the cutting separation line to be 0.1-0.2 mm away from the top end of the seed caruncle;
(3) accelerating germination: soaking the seeds without the seed caruncles in a trisodium phosphate solution for 3 hours, carrying out wound disinfection treatment, accelerating germination at 25-28 ℃, and sowing when the length of the root buds is 3-5 mm;
(4) and (3) seedbed disinfection: before sowing, spraying disinfectant formalin on each square meter of seedbed for disinfection treatment; spraying 30-50 ml of 45% formalin into 3 liters of water per square meter of seedbed;
(5) and (3) conventional management: sowing seeds, and covering after sowing, wherein the covering is non-woven fabrics with the weight of 80-85 g/square meter.
Example 2
A watermelon seed hull method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed soaking: : soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 deg.C for 4 hr, and then soaking in cold water at 20 deg.C for 7 hr;
(2) seed removal: wearing gloves, holding a concave part formed by the seed ridge line and the seed fun closest to the radicle of the seed with the left hand, exposing the seed ridge line of the seed shell to play a role of fixing the seed, and then clamping a scissors with the right hand to cut, wherein the cutting separation line is based on the middle horizontal line of the two concave parts and cannot be lower than the concave part closest to the radicle in the two concave parts;
(3) accelerating germination: soaking the seeds without the seed caruncles in a trisodium phosphate solution for 3 hours, carrying out wound disinfection treatment, accelerating germination at 25-28 ℃, and sowing when the length of the root buds is 3-5 mm;
(4) and (3) seedbed disinfection: before sowing, spraying potassium permanganate serving as a disinfectant to each square meter of seedbed, and sterilizing;
(5) and (3) conventional management: and (4) sowing the seeds, and performing coverage management after sowing.
Example 3
A pumpkin seed hull method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed soaking: : soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 deg.C for 5 hr, and then soaking in cold water at 20 deg.C for 5 hr;
(2) seed removal: wearing gloves, holding the depressed part of the seed port nearest to the radicle with the left hand, exposing the seed ridge line of the seed shell to fix the seed, and then holding the scissors with the right hand to cut, wherein the cutting separation line is based on the middle horizontal line of the two depressed parts and cannot be lower than the depressed part of the two depressed parts nearest to the radicle;
(3) accelerating germination: soaking the seeds without the seed caruncles in a trisodium phosphate solution for 2 hours, carrying out wound disinfection treatment, accelerating germination at 25-28 ℃, and sowing when the length of the root buds is 3-5 mm;
(4) and (3) seedbed disinfection: before sowing, spraying disinfectant carbendazim on each square meter of seedbed, and sterilizing;
(5) and (3) conventional management: and (4) sowing the seeds, covering after sowing, and managing.
Claims (7)
1. A method for treating shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed soaking: soaking Cucurbitaceae seeds in warm water of 50-55 deg.C for 3-5 hr, and soaking in cold water of 20 deg.C for 5-7 hr;
(2) seed removal: selecting middle horizontal lines of two concave parts at two concave parts formed by the two sides of the seed mons and the seed ridge line of the soaked seed, and cutting off the upper parts of the seed mons from the middle of the two concave parts along the horizontal lines;
(3) accelerating germination: accelerating germination of the seed without the seed port at 25-28 ℃, and sowing when the length of the root bud is 3-5 mm;
(4) and (3) seedbed disinfection: before sowing, spraying disinfectant on each square meter of seedbed for disinfection treatment;
(5) and (3) conventional management: and (4) sowing the seeds, covering after sowing, and managing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeds of Cucurbitaceae family comprise Cucurbita pepo, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucurbita moschata, etc.
3. The method for treating the hulls of seeds of the Cucurbitaceae family according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed port is removed, two concave parts connected with a seed ridge line on the left and right sides of the seed port are not on the same horizontal line at the seed port part, the middle horizontal line of the two concave parts is selected to be rapidly cut off at one time by scissors, the tip part of the seed coat in the seeds can be seen from the top, and the cutting separation line is 0.1-0.2 mm away from the top of the seed port.
4. The method for treating the shells of the seeds of the Cucurbitaceae family according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seeds of the Cucurbitaceae family without the seed mons are soaked in the solution of the trisodium phosphate for 2-3 hours for wound disinfection treatment and then for germination acceleration.
5. The method for processing shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the disinfectant used for seedbed disinfection is formalin, potassium permanganate, or carbendazim.
6. The method for processing shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds as claimed in claim 5, wherein said seedbed disinfection is spraying with 30-50 ml of 45% formalin to 3L water per square meter seedbed.
7. The method for treating shells of Cucurbitaceae seeds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said seeds are covered with a textile cloth having a weight of 80-85 g/m after sowing.
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| CN202010071869.0A CN111149461A (en) | 2020-01-21 | 2020-01-21 | Cucurbitaceae seed shell treatment method |
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| CN202010071869.0A CN111149461A (en) | 2020-01-21 | 2020-01-21 | Cucurbitaceae seed shell treatment method |
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Citations (6)
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| CN104857173A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-08-26 | 陈列邦 | External Chinese herbal preparation for cancer treatment and preparation method thereof |
| CN105123197A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-09 | 颍上县小张庄农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting watermelons in eastern region of Fuyang |
| CN108738477A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of production method for exempting from broken shell aspermous watermelon seed |
| CN109479633A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-19 | 颍上县恒远种植专业合作社 | A kind of growth of watermelon method |
| CN111227225A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-05 | 西安大米商贸有限公司 | Natural health food for preventing tumor |
| CN111492905A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-08-07 | 赵守波 | Sowing method of summer squash |
-
2020
- 2020-01-21 CN CN202010071869.0A patent/CN111149461A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104857173A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-08-26 | 陈列邦 | External Chinese herbal preparation for cancer treatment and preparation method thereof |
| CN105123197A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-09 | 颍上县小张庄农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting watermelons in eastern region of Fuyang |
| CN108738477A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of production method for exempting from broken shell aspermous watermelon seed |
| CN109479633A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-19 | 颍上县恒远种植专业合作社 | A kind of growth of watermelon method |
| CN111227225A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-05 | 西安大米商贸有限公司 | Natural health food for preventing tumor |
| CN111492905A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-08-07 | 赵守波 | Sowing method of summer squash |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 张元国 等: ""无籽西瓜"四免"育苗技术"", 《中国蔬菜》 * |
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