CN111148985B - 评估抗体-药物缀合物的方法 - Google Patents

评估抗体-药物缀合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN111148985B
CN111148985B CN201880058051.6A CN201880058051A CN111148985B CN 111148985 B CN111148985 B CN 111148985B CN 201880058051 A CN201880058051 A CN 201880058051A CN 111148985 B CN111148985 B CN 111148985B
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A.斯金纳
N.库利巴
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Abstract

本公开提供了评估ADC产品的DAR的方法,这些方法提供相对于已知方法的优势。具体地,本公开的方法可以在高通量的应用中和/或在评估期间无需稀释ADC样品的情况下使用。

Description

评估抗体-药物缀合物的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年9月8日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/556,153的优先权,该临时专利申请的内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
抗体-药物-缀合物(ADC)是一类新兴的药物分子。它们定位到特异性靶标并递送有效药物的能力使其成为开发基于靶标的治疗产品的有吸引力的选择。ADC是通过将有效药物分子与单克隆抗体化学接头来产生的。与单克隆抗体缀合的药物分子的平均数量称为药物与抗体之比(“DAR”)。DAR是ADC产品的重要质量属性,因为它会影响产品的功效、安全性和/或稳定性。因此,以可靠且高通量的方式评估ADC产品的DAR的方法是可取的。
具体实施方式
本公开提供了评估ADC产品的DAR的方法,这些方法提供相对于已知方法的优势。具体地,本公开的方法可以在高通量的应用中和/或在评估期间无需稀释ADC样品的情况下使用。
紫外-可见(UV-Vis)和比尔-朗伯(Beer-Lambert)定律
DAR传统上是使用UV-Vis光谱法测量的(参见例如,Chen,MethodsMol.Biol.1045:267-73(2013))。该分析的基础是比尔-朗伯定律,即物质的吸光度与浓度之间的正比关系:
A=εcl,
其中A是吸光度,ε是消光系数(物质的物理常数),l是穿过含有细胞的分析物的路径长度,并且c是浓度。
使用UV-Vis光谱法对ADC产品进行DAR测量依赖于抗体的最大吸收(例如,280nm)与药物的最大吸收(例如,252nm)之差。例如,平均DAR可以使用缀合材料在280nm和252nm处测量的吸收的差来计算。尽管UV-Vis方法已在工业中广泛使用,但它缺少进行配制筛选研究所需的通量。它在不进行样品稀释的情况下无法使用,从而导致与样品稀释有关的误差。
因此,本公开至少部分地基于使用尺寸排阻色谱法(例如,UPLC)和斜率光谱法测量DAR的替代方法。对这些方法进行了表征,并在再现性、精密度和灵敏度方面与UV-Vis光谱法进行了比较。生成的数据支持使用基于UPLC的DAR方法来克服传统UV-Vis方法的通量限制。此外,基于斜率光谱法的方法可用于在不进行样品稀释的情况下分析ADC样品。
基于UPLC的方法
在一个实施方案中,尺寸排阻用于确定DAR。在一些实施方案中,本文公开的方法包括将包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品施加于尺寸排阻色谱基质。在一些实施方案中,本文公开的方法包括施加包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品并通过尺寸排阻色谱基质运行包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品。在一些实施方案中,将ADC样品的总量施加于尺寸排阻基质以进行分析。例如,以下基于UPLC的方法用于评估DAR。
使用Empower的Apex Track积分方法以及峰肩检测对280nm处收集的数据进行积分。保留时间积分范围因分子而异,但通常在3-9分钟内。具有最大高度和面积的峰被归类为“天然”、“主”或“单体”峰。早于“天然”峰洗脱的任何峰均归类为“HMW”峰。晚于“天然峰”洗脱的任何峰均归类为“LMW”峰。
从各个峰的面积与所有峰的总面积之比计算每个种类的相对百分比。以下的相对百分比面积报告为纯度的指标:总HMW%、天然(或主或单体)天然%或总LMW%。对所有峰的总面积求和并用于随后的DAR计算中。然而,在一些实施方案中,仅使用天然峰的面积。
使用Empower的Apex Track积分方法以及峰肩检测对252nm处收集的数据进行了积分。保留时间积分范围因分子而异,但通常在3-9分钟内。对所有峰的总面积求和并用于随后的DAR计算中。然而,在一些实施方案中,仅使用天然峰的面积。
DAR是由280nm处的总峰面积(ADC的Amax)和252nm处的总峰面积(药物的Amax)来确定。尽管对于用于ADC的药物缀合物来说252nm是常见的Amax,但是可以例如使用已知方法为特定的缀合物选择适当的波长。如果适用,可以使用裸抗体作为参考标准品,通过这两个波长处的总峰面积之差来确定与抗体结合的药物的量。
以下两个公式(从比尔-朗伯定律推导出来)已被验证并证明为具有一致性。
公式1:
公式1不需要使用裸抗体参考标准品。然而,需要系统性确定抗体和药物二者在252nm处的消光系数(ε)。给定波长处的消光系数可以由比尔-朗伯定律通过使用已知浓度的抗体或药物的溶液并测量给定波长处的吸光度容易地计算。
公式2:
公式2不需要对252nm处的抗体进行消光系数确定,但确实需要收集裸抗体参考标准品的UPLC数据。
尽管已经举例说明了UPLC,但是在本文描述的方法中可以使用其他尺寸排阻色谱技术。尺寸排阻色谱法通常是指按尺寸分离分子,其中色谱洗脱时间对于特定分子是特征性的。另外的方法包括例如SEC-HPLC、反相(RP)HPLC、RP-UPLC。
在一些实施方案中,在通过尺寸排阻色谱法(例如HPLC或UPLC)进行分析之前,不稀释ADC样品。在一些实施方案中,在通过尺寸排阻色谱法进行分析之前ADC样品不需要进行稀释,因为将ADC样品的总量施加于尺寸排阻色谱基质。在一些实施方案中,分析含有约1μg/μL至约500μg/μLADC的样品。
基于斜率光谱法的方法
在一些实施方案中,DAR是通过计算ADC样品中抗体和药物的浓度来确定。例如,斜率光谱法是用于确定各种路径长度下溶液的吸光度的已知方法。然后可以基于比尔-朗伯定律使用各种路径长度下的吸光度值来计算溶液中化合物的浓度。采用斜率光谱法的方法和系统是已知的(参见例如,美国公开号20120130649)和可商购的(参见例如,SoloVPE(CTechnologies,Inc.,Bridgewater,NJ))。此类方法和系统适用于测量ADC制剂中抗体和药物的浓度,从而确定DAR。
例如,可以将ADC样品放置在容器中;可以使探针相对于容器移动,使得探针与容器的底部接触;可以使探针相对于容器移动,使得探针从容器的底部穿过样品以预定的增量移动,从而获得通过溶液的预先选择的路径长度;可以在抗体的最大吸收处读取吸光度读数;可以使探针相对于样品反复移动,并可以进行测量;可以从吸光度和路径长度生成回归线,从而获得回归线的斜率;并且可以通过将回归线的斜率除以抗体的消光系数来确定抗体的浓度。然后可以使用药物的最大吸收来重复这些步骤,以确定药物的浓度。DAR可以由确定的药物浓度和抗体浓度来计算。
在一些实施方案中,在通过斜率光谱法进行分析之前,不稀释ADC样品。在一些实施方案中,分析含有约0.1μg/μL至约500μg/μL ADC的样品。
抗体-药物缀合物
如本文所用,术语“抗体-药物缀合物”是指通过将抗体与生物活性细胞毒性有效载荷或药物连接而产生的蛋白质。抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)是通常通过本领域技术人员已知的化学修饰/偶联反应产生的。可以使用本文描述的方法分析任何抗体-药物缀合物。
在一些实施方案中,抗体-药物缀合物包括抗肿瘤抗体(参见例如,Adler等人,Hematol.Oncol.Clin.North Am.26:447-81(2012);Li等人,Drug Discov.Ther.7:178-84(2013);Scott等人,Cancer Immun.12:14(2012);和Sliwkowski等人,Science 341:1192-1198(2013))。表1展现了通过已知的、可用的抗体药剂靶向的某些人多肽抗原的非全面列表,并且记录了已被提出可以使用所述抗体药剂的某些癌症适应症。表1中的任何抗体都可以包含在使用本公开方法评估的抗体-药物缀合物中。
表1:
在一些实施方案中,抗体-药物缀合物包括作为促细胞凋亡剂、细胞生长抑制剂和/或细胞毒性剂中的一种或多种的药物,例如具体包括用于和/或推荐用于治疗一种或多种与不良细胞增殖有关的疾病、障碍或病症的药剂。在许多实施方案中,药物是可用于治疗癌症的化学治疗剂。在一些实施方案中,化学治疗剂可以是或包括一种或多种烷基化剂、一种或多种蒽环类、一种或多种细胞骨架破坏剂(例如,微管靶向剂,如紫杉烷、美坦辛(maytansine)及其类似物)、一种或多种埃博霉素、一种或多种组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂(HDAC)、一种或多种拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如,拓扑异构酶I和/或拓扑异构酶II抑制剂)、一种或多种激酶抑制剂、一种或多种核苷酸类似物或核苷酸前体类似物、一种或多种肽抗生素、一种或多种基于铂的药剂、一种或多种类维生素A、一种或多种长春花生物碱和/或以下一种或多种的一种或多种类似物(即,具有相关的抗增殖活性)。在一些特定的实施方案中,化学治疗剂可以是或包括以下各项中的一种或多种:放线菌素、全反式视黄酸、奥瑞斯他汀(Auiristatin)、阿扎胞苷、硫唑嘌呤、博来霉素、硼替佐米、卡铂、卡培他滨、顺铂、苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、姜黄素、阿糖胞苷、柔红霉素、多西他赛、去氧氟尿苷、多柔比星、表柔比星、埃博霉素、依托泊苷、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、羟基脲、伊达比星、伊马替尼、伊立替康、美坦辛和/或其类似物(例如DM1)、氮芥、巯嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、米托蒽醌、抗美登醇(Maytansinoid)、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、培美曲塞、替尼泊苷、硫鸟嘌呤、托泊替康、戊柔比星、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨及其组合。
在一些实施方案中,使用本公开的方法评估的抗体-药物缀合物是hLL1-阿霉素、hRS7-SN-38、hMN-14-SN-38、hLL2-SN-38、hA20-SN-38、hPAM4-SN-38、hLL1-SN-38、hRS7-Pro-2-P-Dox、hMN-14-Pro-2-P-Dox、hLL2-Pro-2-P-Dox、hA20-Pro-2-P-Dox、hPAM4-Pro-2-P-Dox、hLL1-Pro-2-P-Dox、P4/D10-阿霉素、吉妥单抗、本妥昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗emtansine、奥英妥珠单抗ozogamicin、glembatumomab vedotin、SAR3419、SAR566658、BIIB015、BT062、CMC-544、SAR3419、CDX-011、SGN-75、SGN-CD19A、AMG-172、AMG-595、BAY-94-9343、ASG-5ME、ASG-22ME、ASG-16M8F、MDX-1203、MLN-0264、抗-PSMA ADC、RG-7450、RG-7458、RG-7593、RG-7596、RG-7598、RG-7599、RG-7600、RG-7636、ABT-414、IMGN-853、IMGN-529、IMGN-901、vorsetuzumab mafodotin或lorvotuzumab mertansine(参见例如、Sassoon等人,MethodsMol.Biol.1045:1-27(2013);Bouchard等人,Bioorganic Med.Chem.Lett.24:5357-5363(2014))。
应用
本公开的方法具有多种应用并且包括,例如在原料药或药物制剂制造的不同阶段的质量控制,在原料药或药物制剂制造完成之前和/或之后(例如,在分配到填充/结束环境或设备之前或之后)、在将原料药或药物制剂发布至市售之前或之后(例如,在分配给药房、护理者、患者或其他终端用户之前)ADC制剂的分析。在一些情况下,ADC制剂是原料药(活性药物成分或“API”)或药物制剂(配制用于受试者如人类患者的API)。在一些情况下,ADC制剂来自制造或使用阶段,所述制造或使用阶段在发布给护理者或其他终端用户之前;在包装成单个剂型(如注射器、笔、小瓶或多剂量小瓶)之前;在确定所述批次可以商业发布之前;在生产所述制剂的检验证书、材料安全数据表(MSDS)或检验报告(CofA)之前。
来自本文所述方法的评估可用于指导、控制或实现ADC制剂的制备、分发和监控过程中的许多活动或步骤,并提供安全且有效的ADC制剂使用。因此,在例如响应于评价的实施方案中,例如根据是否满足标准(例如,特定的DAR、平均DAR和/或DAR范围),做出决定或采取步骤。本文所述的方法可以包括做出以下决定:(a)关于是否可以将ADC制剂配制成原料药或药物制剂;(b)关于是否可以对ADC制剂进行再加工(例如,所述制剂可以重复先前的加工步骤);和/或(c)ADC制剂不适合配制成原料药或药物制剂。在一些情况下,方法包括:如步骤(a)中所述进行配制,如步骤(b)中所述进行再加工或使所述制剂无法用于商业发布,例如通过对其进行标记或销毁,如步骤(c)中所述。

Claims (18)

1.一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其包括:
将所述样品施加于尺寸排阻色谱基质;
检测所述样品在第一光波长λ1处的吸光度响应,其中所述第一光波长是所述抗体的预定吸光度最大值;
检测所述样品在第二光波长λ2处的吸光度响应,其中所述第二光波长是所述药物的预定吸光度最大值;
确定所述样品在所述第一光波长处的总吸光度和所述样品在所述第二光波长处的总吸光度,各个总吸光度通过经由对高分子量峰、低分子量峰和主峰的面积求和对在一定洗脱时间间隔内吸光度响应的峰进行积分来计算;以及,
使用以下公式1计算所述药物与抗体之比:
其中是所述抗体在所述第一光波长处的消光系数;/>是所述抗体在所述第二光波长处的消光系数;/>是所述药物在所述第一光波长处的消光系数;/>是所述药物在所述第二光波长处的消光系数;总面积λ1是所述样品在所述第一光波长处的总吸光度;并且总面积λ2是所述样品在所述第二光波长处的总吸光度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,进一步包括根据具有已知浓度的所述抗体的溶液分别在所述第一光波长或所述第二光波长处的吸光度,计算所述抗体在所述第一光波长处或在所述第二光波长处的消光系数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,进一步包括根据具有已知浓度的所述药物的溶液分别在所述第一光波长或所述第二光波长处的吸光度,计算所述药物在所述第一光波长处或在所述第二光波长处的消光系数。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述尺寸排阻色谱包括超高效液相色谱、反相超高效液相色谱或高效液相色谱。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述样品包括1μg/μL至500μg/μL的抗体-药物缀合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述抗体是抗-肿瘤抗体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述药物是促凋亡剂、细胞生长抑制剂或细胞毒性剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中对吸光度响应的峰进行积分包括检测吸光度响应的每个峰的峰肩。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述时间间隔是3分钟至9分钟。
10.一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其包括:
通过以下方法测量包含所述抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品的总吸光度:
将包含所述抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品施加于尺寸排阻色谱基质;
检测所述第一样品在第一光波长λ1处的吸光度响应,其中所述第一光波长是所述抗体的预定吸光度最大值;
检测所述第一样品在第二光波长λ2处的吸光度响应,其中所述第二光波长是所述药物的预定吸光度最大值;
确定所述第一样品在所述第一光波长处的总吸光度和所述第一样品在所述第二光波长处的总吸光度,各个总吸光度通过经由对高分子量峰、低分子量峰和主峰的面积求和对在一定洗脱时间间隔内吸光度响应的峰进行积分来计算;
通过以下方法测量包含所述抗体的第二样品的总吸光度:
将包含所述抗体的第二样品施加于尺寸排阻色谱基质;
检测包含所述抗体的第二样品在所述第一光波长λ1处的吸光度响应;
检测包含所述抗体的第二样品在所述第二光波长λ2处的吸光度响应;以及
确定包含所述抗体的第二样品在所述第一光波长处的总吸光度和所述第二样品在所述第二光波长处的总吸光度,各个总吸光度通过经由对高分子量峰、低分子量峰和主峰的面积求和对在一定洗脱时间间隔内吸光度响应的峰进行积分来计算;以及
使用以下公式2计算DAR:
其中是所述抗体在所述第一光波长处的消光系数;/>是所述药物在所述第一光波长处的消光系数;/>是所述药物在所述第二光波长处的消光系数;/>是包含所述抗体的第二样品在所述第一光波长处的总吸光度;/>是包含所述抗体的第二样品在所述第二光波长处的总吸光度;/>是包含所述抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品在所述第一光波长处的总吸光度;/>是包含所述抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品在所述第二光波长处的总吸光度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,进一步包括根据具有已知浓度的所述抗体的溶液分别在所述第一光波长或所述第二光波长处的吸光度,计算所述抗体在所述第一光波长处或在所述第二光波长处的消光系数。
12.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,进一步包括根据具有已知浓度的所述药物的溶液分别在所述第一光波长或所述第二光波长处的吸光度,计算所述药物在所述第一光波长处或在所述第二光波长处的消光系数。
13.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述尺寸排阻色谱包括超高效液相色谱、反相超高效液相色谱或高效液相色谱。
14.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述第一样品包括1μg/μL至500μg/μL的抗体-药物缀合物。
15.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述抗体是抗-肿瘤抗体。
16.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述药物是促凋亡剂、细胞生长抑制剂或细胞毒性剂。
17.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中对吸光度响应的峰进行积分包括检测吸光度响应的每个峰的峰肩。
18.根据权利要求10所述的一种使用尺寸排阻色谱确定包含抗体-药物缀合物的第一样品中药物与抗体之比的方法,其中所述时间间隔是3分钟至9分钟。
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