CN111148646B - 电动车轴总成 - Google Patents

电动车轴总成 Download PDF

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CN111148646B
CN111148646B CN201880062209.7A CN201880062209A CN111148646B CN 111148646 B CN111148646 B CN 111148646B CN 201880062209 A CN201880062209 A CN 201880062209A CN 111148646 B CN111148646 B CN 111148646B
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continuously variable
variable transmission
axle assembly
controller
motor
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CN111148646A (zh
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丹尼尔·林顿
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
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Abstract

公开了一种电动车轴总成。该电动车轴总成包括共用壳体并且具有电动机、无级变速箱和行星差速器。电动机包括输出轴，并且无级变速箱连接到输出轴。无级变速箱包括配置为由输出轴可变地驱动的驱动轴。行星差速器连接到驱动轴，并且行星差速器包括配置为由驱动轴来驱动的行星架和配置为由行星架来驱动的双太阳轮。车轮轴与双太阳轮中的相应一者进行独立驱动接合。

Description

电动车轴总成
引用并入
通过引用将以下文件如同完全阐释般并入本文：2017年10月4日提交的15/724,635号美国非临时专利申请。
技术领域
本发明总地涉及一种电动车轴总成。
背景技术
驱动车轴总成是公知的，例如美国专利2,018,188、2,187,843和美国公开2005/0006967所公开的。电动车轴总成，即将直接或间接驱动车轮轴的电动机包括在内的驱动车轴总成也是公知的。美国专利4,882,524、7,233,090和9,083,226以及欧洲公布3032717中公开了已知的电动机构造。已知的电动车轴总成可以具有直接驱动构造，使得电动机直接驱动车轮轴。由于电动机在以较高的每分钟转数(rpm)运行时汲取较高的电流，所以这些直接连接布置的效率随着速度的增加而降低。
行星差速器和无级变速箱是传动系的已知部件。合并了差速单元和/或无级变速箱的电动车轴总成通常是沉重且庞大的。由于通常需要减小电动车轴总成所需的重量和空间，所以这些布置难以在电动车轴总成中实现。其他已知的合并了无级变速箱的电动车轴总成通常需要离合器装置，这增加了整个总成的复杂性以及重量。
希望提供一种紧凑且高效的电动车轴总成。
发明内容
简言之，公开了一种包括共用壳体的电动车轴总成，该电动车轴总成具有布置在共用壳体内的电动机、无级变速箱和行星差速器。电动机包括输出轴，并且无级变速箱连接到该输出轴。无级变速箱包括配置为由输出轴可变地驱动的驱动轴。来自无级变速箱的驱动轴通过驱动行星轮架而连接到行星差速器。行星差速器的行星轮是双组的并且驱动双太阳轮，该驱动车轴转而驱动车轮和轮胎。电动车轴总成包括第一车轮轴和第二车轮轴，该第一车轮轴和第二车轮轴各自相对于双太阳轮中的一者进行独立驱动接合。
在下面和权利要求中描述具有本发明的一个或多个特征的优选布置。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读时，将最好地理解前述的发明内容以及以下的具体实施方式。在附图中：
图1是根据实施例的电动车轴总成的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中使用某些术语仅仅是为了方便而非限制性的。词语“内部”、“外部”、“向内”和“向外”是指朝向和远离附图中所指代部件的方向。参照被引用为“a、b或c中的至少一者”的项目列表(其中a、b和c表示所列出的项目)指的是项目a、b、c中的任何单个项目或其组合。术语包括上文具体指出的词语、其派生词和类似含义的词语。
如图1所示，示出了电动车轴总成10。电动车轴总成10包括共用壳体12。电动机14、无级变速箱18和行星差速器22设置在共用壳体12内。控制总成40也设置成与电动车轴总成10连通。
电动机14包括输出轴16、定子15a和转子15b。转子15b与输出轴16连接。在一个实施例中，电动机14是无刷感应电机。在一个实施例中，电动机14是集成式永磁电机。本领域普通技术人员将认识到，可以使用替代类型的电机，例如在美国专利4,882,524、7,233,090和9,083,226以及欧洲公布3032717中公开的电机，所有这些文件都通过引用如同完全阐释般并入本文。电动车轴总成10需要单个电动机14和用于控制该单个电动机14的单个相关联的控制器(下面更详细地描述)，并且单个电动机14为相关联车辆的一组车轴提供所有必需的转矩，该相关联车辆可以总共使用一个或多个电动车轴。
无级变速箱18连接到电动机的输出轴16。无级变速箱18包括驱动轴20，该驱动轴20配置为由具有可变传动比的两个V形带轮驱动，这两个V形带轮通常由V形皮带连接，V形皮带由电动机14的输出轴16驱动。在一个实施例中，无级变速箱18是锥形变速箱，其包括用于将转矩从输出轴16可变地传递到驱动轴20的双带轮-皮带总成。本领域普通技术人员将从本公开认识到，可以在电动车轴总成10中使用替代类型的无级变速箱。在美国公布2017/0159777和美国专利5,521,819、5,860,888和7,217,205中公开了无级变速箱的示例，所有这些通过引用如同完全阐释般并入本文。无级变速箱18的传动比由控制器来控制，这将在下面更详细地描述。本领域普通技术人员将认识到，无级变速箱18可以由任何已知类型的控制系统(例如电子控制单元、机械控制单元或液压控制单元等)来控制。无级变速箱18的传动比被改变以最大化电动机14的效率并改善范围。
行星差速器22与驱动轴20连接。行星差速器22包括配置为由驱动轴20来驱动的行星架24。行星差速器22包括双太阳轮26，该双太阳轮26配置为由附接到行星架24的行星齿轮组28来驱动。行星差速器22包括与双太阳轮26进行驱动接合的行星轮28。行星差速器22包括固定到壳体12的外圈30。本领域普通技术人员将从本公开认识到，具有变化齿轮构造的替代类型的行星差速器可以集成到电动车轴总成10中。在美国专利9,267,592和美国专利9,638,292中公开了已知行星差速器的示例，它们都通过引用如同完全阐释般并入本文。电动车轴总成10包括第一车轮轴32a和第二车轮轴32b，并且车轮轴32a、32b中的每一者连接到相应的车轮和轮胎以将转矩从电动机14传递到轮胎。车轮轴32a、32b中的每一者与双太阳轮26中的相应一者进行独立驱动接合。行星差速器22提供用于在(1)电动机14及无级变速箱18与(2)车轮轴32a、32b之间传递转矩的紧凑的差速器布置。
如图1所示，电动车轴总成10包括控制总成40。控制总成40提供用于对壳体12内的部件进行控制的输入。控制总成40包括配置为控制电动机14的第一控制器42、配置为控制无级变速箱18的第二控制器44以及配置为向第一控制器42和第二控制器44提供电能的供电单元46。第一控制器40配置为控制电动机14的速度和方向。本领域普通技术人员将从本公开认识到，第一控制器40可以用来控制电动机14的其他功能。第二控制器44配置为控制无级变速箱18的传动比。本领域普通技术人员将从本公开认识到，第二控制器44可以用来控制无级变速箱18的其他功能。在控制总成40中可以包括降压调节器(未示出)，以用于提供适当的电压来操作控制器42、44。降压调节器可以替代地集成到第一控制器42中。可以经由来自第一控制器42的编程来控制第二控制器44。本领域普通技术人员将从本公开认识到，供电单元46可以是DC供电电池、电容器或任何其他类型的供电单元。
主输入装置46配置为向控制总成40提供输入信号。在一个实施例中，主输入装置46配置为从节流阀接收输入。如图1所示，控制总成40可以包括配置为向控制总成40提供附加输入信号的辅助输入装置48。辅助输入装置48可以配置为从其他已知车辆输入系统(例如被动巡航控制、自动紧急制动、牵引和车辆滑移控制等)接收输入信号。主输入装置46和辅助输入装置48可以是任何已知类型的控制器或控制单元、处理器、CPU、电位计或能够提供用于控制电动车轴总成10的关联部件的命令信号的任何电子信号装置。
壳体12包括配置为连接到第一控制器42的第一电连接部50a和配置为连接到第二控制器44的第二电连接部50b。如图1所示，壳体12提供了紧凑的构造，该构造为电动机14、无级变速箱18和行星差速器22提供共用外壳，同时还为控制总成40提供电连接部50a、50b。图1示出了两个单独的电连接部50a、50b，但是本领域普通技术人员将从本公开认识到，可以设置单个电连接部。
本文公开的实施例设置了单个紧凑壳体12，其包括(1)电动车轴总成10的三个主部件(即，电动机14、无级变速箱18和行星差速器22)，(2)用于向电动机14和无级变速箱18提供电力和控制信号的电连接部50a、50b，以及(3)用于将电动车轴总成10安装在车辆中的安装凸片52。与已知的电动车轴总成相比，这种布置减小了总成的总体尺寸，并且还提供了用于与控制总成40对接的简化的集成布置。尽管在图1中示出了四个安装凸片52，但是本领域普通技术人员将从本公开理解，可以设置任何数量的安装凸片52。
控制器42、44还配置为调节电动机14可以返回到供电单元46的再生电能的量。由电动机14产生的再生电能的量可以经由输入46、48来手动调节，或者可以根据预编程的软件模式来自动调节。在一个实施例中，用户可以选择电动机14在滑行模式或制动模式中所需的工作量，在滑行模式或制动模式期间，电能返回到供电单元46。
已经如此详细地描述了本电动车轴总成的各种实施例，本领域技术人员应当领会并且将显而易见的是，可以在电动车轴总成中进行许多改变而不改变其中所体现的固有概念和原理，在上面的具体实施方式中仅对其中的一些进行了例示。因此，本实施例在所有方面都被认为是说明性的而非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是由前述描述来指示，并且落入权利要求的等同含义和范围内的所有改变因此被包括在其中。
附图标记表
电动车轴总成 10
壳体 12
电动机 14
定子 15a
转子 15b
输出轴 16
无极变速箱 18
驱动轴 20
行星差速器 22
行星架 24
太阳轮 26
行星轮 28
外圈 30
车轮轴 32a、32b
控制总成 40
第一控制器 42
第二控制器 44
供电单元 46
主输入装置 46
辅助输入装置 48
电连接部 50a、50b
安装凸片 52

Claims (9)

1.一种电动车轴总成，其包括：
壳体；
电动机，其包括输出轴；
无级变速箱，其连接到所述输出轴，所述无级变速箱包括配置为由所述输出轴来可变地驱动的驱动轴；
行星差速器，其连接到所述驱动轴，所述行星差速器包括配置为由所述驱动轴来驱动的行星架和配置为由所述行星架来驱动的双太阳轮；以及
第一车轮轴和第二车轮轴，每个所述车轮轴与所述双太阳轮中的相应一者进行独立驱动接合，其中，所述电动机、所述无级变速箱和所述行星差速器布置在所述壳体内，并且所述电动机在轴向上设置于所述无级变速箱和所述行星差速器之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车轴总成，还包括：
控制总成，其包括，配置为控制所述电动机的第一控制器；配置为控制所述无级变速箱的第二控制器；和配置为向所述第一控制器和所述第二控制器提供电能的供电单元；和
主输入装置，其配置为向所述控制总成提供输入信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动车轴总成，还包括配置为向所述控制总成提供附加输入信号的辅助输入装置。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电动车轴总成，其中，所述第一控制器配置为控制所述电动机的速度和方向。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电动车轴总成，其中，所述第二控制器配置为控制所述无级变速箱的传动比。
6.根据权利要求2所述的电动车轴总成，其中，所述壳体包括配置为连接到所述第一控制器的第一电连接部和配置为连接到所述第二控制器的第二电连接部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电动车轴总成，其中，所述无级变速箱包括用于将转矩从所述输出轴可变地传递到所述驱动轴的双带轮-皮带总成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电动车轴总成，其中，所述电动机是无刷电机。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电动车轴总成，其中，所述行星差速器包括固定在所述壳体上的外圈，并且所述壳体包括安装凸片。
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