CN111141053A - Forced circulation system of power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer and control method - Google Patents
Forced circulation system of power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111141053A CN111141053A CN201911257653.7A CN201911257653A CN111141053A CN 111141053 A CN111141053 A CN 111141053A CN 201911257653 A CN201911257653 A CN 201911257653A CN 111141053 A CN111141053 A CN 111141053A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application provides a forced circulation system of a power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer and a control method. The processor is provided with a plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, and the flow rate and the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant are cooperatively changed in real time by cooperating with the outlet refrigerant valve, the rotating speed of the compressor and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve according to the pressure difference value of the inlet pressure detection device and the outlet pressure detection device. The heat safety prevention and control purpose of preventing and controlling temperature distortion is achieved by comprehensively regulating and controlling the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant. And through the power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer, the pressure difference can be monitored in real time, the grades are divided, the adjusting process is direct and efficient, the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module can be improved, the heat exchange can be carried out in time, the occurrence time of battery triggering thermal runaway can be delayed, and the performance of inhibiting the thermal runaway propagation in the thermal safety design of the battery module can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery thermal safety prevention and control, in particular to a forced circulation system and a control method of a power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer.
Background
In order to guarantee personal safety and reliability of electric vehicles, the current technical route of new energy vehicles takes power battery monomers, groups and systems as objects of concern, and thermal safety management design and application research of a whole life cycle are developed. On the basis of ensuring the normal working temperature range of the battery, the safety prevention and control technology is absorbed, and the diffusion of the temperature rise failure and harm of the battery is avoided. At present, the thermal safety management design and application research of a whole life cycle around single power batteries, grouping and system development mostly focuses on the design of a battery pack heat exchange structure, the establishment of a heat management system, a cooling and heating thermal control strengthening synergistic strategy and the like.
The direct cooling mode of absorbing the heat of the battery by means of the phase change latent heat of the two-phase flow of the refrigerant avoids additional intermediate heat exchange medium, and the heat transfer process is direct and closed, so that the direct cooling mode is concerned by vehicle enterprises and researchers. However, the conventional forced circulation system of the power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer has low heat exchange efficiency, and cannot exchange heat in time, so that the purpose of thermal safety prevention and control for preventing and controlling temperature distortion cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a forced circulation system of a power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer and a control method thereof, aiming at the problems that the traditional forced circulation system of the power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer has low heat exchange efficiency and cannot carry out heat exchange in time.
The application provides a forced circulation system of a power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer. The power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer comprises a compressor, a condenser, an inlet electromagnetic expansion valve, an outlet refrigerant valve, an inlet refrigerant jet sprayer, an inlet pressure detection device, an outlet pressure detection device and a processor. One end of the compressor is connected with one end of the condenser, the other end of the condenser is connected with one end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve, the other end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve is connected with the inlet refrigerant jet ejector, and the inlet refrigerant jet ejector is used for ejecting refrigerant saturated liquid into the battery module box body.
The outlet refrigerant valve is arranged in the battery module box body and connected with the other end of the compressor. The inlet pressure detection device is arranged close to the inlet refrigerant injector and used for detecting the inlet side pressure of the inlet side of the battery module box body. The outlet pressure detection device is arranged close to the outlet refrigerant valve and used for detecting the outlet side pressure of the outlet side of the battery module box body. The processor is respectively connected with the inlet pressure detection device and the outlet pressure detection device and is used for acquiring the pressure at the inlet side and the pressure at the outlet side. The processor is used for controlling the outlet refrigerant valve, the compressor and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve according to the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure.
The application provides a forced circulation system of the power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer. A circulation loop can be formed by connecting the compressor, the condenser, the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve, the inlet refrigerant injection device, the battery module box body and the outlet refrigerant valve through pipelines. Wherein the inlet pressure detection device and the outlet pressure detection device may be pressure sensors. The inlet refrigerant jet sprayer is used for jetting the refrigerant saturated liquid into the battery module box body, so that the refrigerant saturated liquid is filled into the battery module box body, and a battery monomer in the battery module box body is soaked.
The inlet pressure detection device and the outlet pressure detection device monitor the pressure at the inlet side and the pressure at the outlet side in real time and transmit the pressure values to the processor. A plurality of level pressure difference thresholds are preset, and the processor acquires the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure and calculates the pressure difference value. Meanwhile, the processor judges the level of the pressure difference value according to a plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, and then controls the outlet refrigerant valve, the compressor and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve. At this time, the flow and the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant are cooperatively changed by cooperatively controlling the outlet refrigerant valve, the rotating speed of the compressor and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve, so that the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant are comprehensively regulated and controlled.
When the power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer works, the refrigerant saturated liquid absorbs the heat generated by the battery and then is vaporized, and the rapid temperature drop of the battery is realized by virtue of latent heat of vaporization. In the process of two-phase flow and heat transfer of the refrigerant, the buoyancy lift force is higher than the resistance of the heat-conducting channel along with the continuous increase of the vaporization rate of the saturated liquid of the refrigerant. At this time, the two-phase flow regime evolves from pulsating oscillations to stable directional flow along the thermally conductive channel. The processor is provided with a plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, and cooperates with the outlet refrigerant valve, the rotating speed of the compressor and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve in real time according to the pressure difference value of the inlet pressure detection device and the outlet pressure detection device. And then, the flow and the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant are cooperatively changed, and the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant are comprehensively regulated and controlled.
Therefore, the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant are comprehensively regulated and controlled through the power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer, so that the aim of thermal safety prevention and control for preventing and controlling temperature distortion is fulfilled. And through the power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer, the pressure difference can be monitored in real time, the grades are divided, the adjusting process is direct and efficient, the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module can be improved, the heat exchange can be carried out in time, the occurrence time of battery triggering thermal runaway can be delayed, and the performance of inhibiting the thermal runaway propagation in the thermal safety design of the battery module can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forced circulation system of a power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer provided by the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a control method for a forced circulation system of a power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a graph of refrigerant operating pressure and processor pressure differential threshold parameters as provided herein;
FIG. 4 is a method for regulating a processor according to one embodiment provided herein;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the heat abuse experimental principle of lateral heating using a forced circulation system of a power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer provided by the present application;
fig. 6 is a result of a thermal runaway triggered temperature delay simulation experiment of the battery module provided herein with respect to the thermal abuse experiment of fig. 5;
fig. 7 is a result of a thermal runaway triggered temperature delay simulation experiment of a battery module for a thermal abuse experiment based on lateral heating of an air natural convection environment of a conventional circulation system.
Description of the reference numerals
The power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer comprises a power battery pack forced circulation system 100, a compressor 110, a condenser 120, an inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, an outlet refrigerant valve 220, an inlet refrigerant injector 230, an inlet pressure detection device 240, an outlet pressure detection device 250, a battery module box 50, refrigerant saturated liquid 510, refrigerant superheated gas 511, a processor 30, an inlet three-way valve 170, a liquid storage tank 130, an electromagnetic expansion valve 160, an evaporator 140, an outlet three-way valve 180, an evaporator heat dissipation structure 150, a heat insulation device 40, a battery cell 520, a protective shell 521, a box accommodating space 530, a heat conducting sheet 540 and a heat conducting channel 541.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below by way of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present application.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a power battery forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer. The power battery forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer comprises a compressor 110, a condenser 120, an inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, an outlet refrigerant valve 220, an inlet refrigerant injector 230, an inlet pressure detection device 240, an outlet pressure detection device 250 and a processor 30. One end of the compressor 110 is connected to one end of the condenser 120. The other end of the condenser 120 is connected to one end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, the other end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is connected to the inlet refrigerant injector 230, and the inlet refrigerant injector 230 is configured to inject a refrigerant saturated liquid 510 into the battery module case 50. The outlet refrigerant valve 220 is disposed in the battery module case 50. The outlet refrigerant valve 220 is connected to the other end of the compressor 110.
The inlet pressure detecting device 240 is disposed near the inlet refrigerant injector 230, and is configured to detect an inlet pressure on an inlet side of the battery module case 50. The outlet pressure detection device 250 is disposed near the outlet refrigerant valve 220, and is configured to detect an outlet side pressure on an outlet side of the battery module case 50. The processor 30 is connected to the inlet pressure detecting device 240 and the outlet pressure detecting device 250, respectively, for acquiring the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure. The processor 30 is configured to control the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the compressor 110, and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 according to the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure.
In this embodiment, a circulation loop may be formed by connecting the compressor 110, the condenser 120, the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, the inlet refrigerant injector 230, the battery module case 50, and the outlet refrigerant valve 220 through pipes. The inlet pressure detection device 240 and the outlet pressure detection device 250 may be pressure sensors. The inlet refrigerant injector 230 is configured to inject the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 into the battery module box 50, so that the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 is filled into the battery module box 50, and the battery cells 520 in the battery module box 50 are soaked.
The inlet pressure detecting means 240 and the outlet pressure detecting means 250 monitor the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure in real time and transmit the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure to the processor 30. A plurality of level pressure difference thresholds are preset, and the processor 30 obtains the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure and calculates a pressure difference value. Meanwhile, the processor 30 determines the level to which the pressure difference value belongs according to a plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, and then controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the compressor 110, and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210. At this time, the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 are cooperatively controlled to cooperatively change the flow rate and the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant, thereby comprehensively regulating and controlling the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant.
When the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer works, the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 absorbs heat generated by the battery and then is vaporized, and the rapid temperature drop of the battery is realized by latent heat of vaporization. In the two-phase flow and heat transfer of the refrigerant, as the vaporization rate of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 is increased, the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure are varied. The processor 30 is provided with a plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, and cooperates with the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the rotation speed of the compressor 110, and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 in real time according to the pressure difference between the inlet pressure detection device 240 and the outlet pressure detection device 250. And then, the flow and the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant are cooperatively changed, and the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant are comprehensively regulated and controlled.
Therefore, the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant are comprehensively regulated and controlled through the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer, so that the purpose of thermal safety prevention and control for preventing and controlling temperature distortion is achieved. Moreover, the forced circulation system 100 of the power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer can monitor pressure difference in real time, perform level division, directly and efficiently adjust the process, improve the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module, perform heat exchange in time, delay the occurrence time of battery triggering thermal runaway, and be beneficial to improving the performance of inhibiting thermal runaway propagation in the thermal safety design of the battery module.
The Processor 30 includes, but is not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an embedded Microcontroller (MCU), an embedded Microprocessor (MPU), and an embedded System on Chip (SoC).
In one embodiment, the power battery forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer further comprises an inlet three-way valve 170, a liquid storage tank 130, an electromagnetic expansion valve 160, an evaporator 140, an outlet three-way valve 180, and an evaporator heat dissipation structure 150. A first end of the inlet three-way valve 170 is connected to the other end of the condenser 120, and a second end of the inlet three-way valve 170 is connected to one end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210. The reservoir tank 130 is connected to a first end of the inlet three-way valve 170. One end of the electromagnetic expansion valve 160 is connected to a third end of the inlet three-way valve 170. One end of the evaporator 140 is connected to the other end of the electromagnetic expansion valve 160. A first end of the outlet three-way valve 180 is connected to the other end of the evaporator 140, a second end of the outlet three-way valve 180 is connected to the other end of the compressor 110, and a third end of the outlet three-way valve 180 is connected to the outlet refrigerant valve 220. The evaporator heat dissipation structure 150 is disposed near the evaporator 140 for dissipating heat.
Through the connection mode of the inlet three-way valve 170, the liquid storage tank 130, the electromagnetic expansion valve 160, the evaporator 140, the outlet three-way valve 180 and the evaporator heat dissipation structure 150, a two-phase flow heat transfer circulation loop can be formed, and vapor-liquid conversion is performed to form a circulation loop. Meanwhile, the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, the evaporator 140, the compressor 110, and the outlet refrigerant valve 220 are connected to each other by the inlet three-way valve 170 and the outlet three-way valve 180, thereby forming a circulation loop. Meanwhile, when the processor 30 determines that the pressure difference value belongs to a certain level of the plurality of level pressure difference thresholds according to the pressure difference value, the processor cooperatively adjusts and controls parameters of the inlet three-way valve 170, the outlet three-way valve 180, the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, the outlet refrigerant valve 220, and the compressor 110. Thereby, change the flow and the evaporating pressure of refrigerant in coordination, realize synthesizing sensible heat transfer ability and the latent heat transfer ability of regulation and control refrigerant, the accommodation process is direct high-efficient, can promote battery module heat exchange efficiency, in time carries out the heat transfer.
In addition, by arranging the branch where the evaporator 140 and the electromagnetic expansion valve 160 are located in a certain space, the temperature in the space can be adjusted by the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer, so that multifunctional application is realized, energy can be saved, and cost can be reduced.
In one embodiment, the power battery forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer further comprises a thermal insulation device 40. The heat preservation and insulation device 40 is used for wrapping the battery module box body 50.
The sealed heat insulation enclosure structure formed by the battery module box body 50 and the heat insulation device 40 has certain pressure bearing capacity, and the pressure bearing capacity is at least 2 Mpa. The thickness of the thermal insulation device 40 may be 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, or 6cm, or the like, and may be set according to actual conditions. The heat-insulating device 40 may be made of polyurethane, rock wool, glass wool, rubber or plastic. In this embodiment, the heat-insulating device 40 is made of polyurethane foam, and has a thickness of 5cm and a pressure-bearing capacity of 2.5 MPa.
At least one through hole is formed in the lower portion of the heat preservation and insulation device 40, and the number of the through holes is not limited. The inlet refrigerant injector 230 is disposed in the battery module case 50 and connected to the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 outside the thermal insulation device 40 through a through hole. The outlet pressure detecting device 250 is disposed near an inlet of the inlet refrigerant injector 230, and is configured to detect an inlet pressure. Similarly, at least one through hole is formed in the upper portion of the heat preservation and insulation device 40, and the number of the through holes is not limited. The outlet refrigerant valve 220 is disposed in the battery module case 50, and is connected to the outlet three-way valve 180 outside the thermal insulation device 40 through a through hole, so as to be connected to the compressor. The inlet pressure detecting device 240 is disposed near an outlet side of the outlet refrigerant valve 220, and is configured to detect an outlet pressure.
In one embodiment, the battery module case 50 includes a plurality of battery cells 520 spaced apart from each other and a plurality of heat conductive sheets 540. The plurality of battery cells 520 are disposed in a housing accommodating space 530 surrounded by the battery module housing 50. Every two heat conduction sheets 540 are arranged between two adjacent battery cells 520, and every two heat conduction sheets 540 form a heat conduction type channel 541.
In this embodiment, the two-phase flow and heat exchange of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 can be enhanced by the plurality of heat-conducting grooves 541 formed by the plurality of heat-conducting fins 540. When the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer works, the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 absorbs heat generated by the battery and then is vaporized, and the rapid temperature drop of the battery is realized by latent heat of vaporization. In the process of two-phase flow and heat transfer of refrigerant, as the vaporization rate of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 is increased, the buoyancy lift force is greater than the resistance of the heat-conducting channel 541. At this time, through the plurality of heat-conducting channels 541, the two-phase flow form can evolve from pulsation oscillation to stable directional flow along the heat-conducting channels, so as to assist the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer to realize comprehensive regulation and control of sensible heat exchange capacity and latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant.
In one embodiment, the heat conductive channel 541 has a cross-sectional width of 1mm to 4 mm.
The cross section of the heat-conducting channel 541 adopts a narrow flow channel structure, and the width of the cross section is 1 mm-4 mm. The narrow flow channel type structure with the cross section width of 1-4 mm can strengthen the two-phase flow and heat exchange of the refrigerant, and plays an auxiliary role in the forced circulation system 100 of the power battery pack based on the two-phase flow heat transfer, so as to realize the timely heat exchange and improve the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module.
The material of the heat-conducting channel 541 may be a material with good thermal conductivity, such as graphite, copper alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy.
In one embodiment, the surface of the heat-conductive channel 541 may be flat and smooth. Or, a plurality of protrusions, such as a rectangle, a triangle, or a semicircle, are disposed at a contact portion of the heat-conducting channel 541 and the refrigerant saturated liquid 510, so as to increase a heat exchange area between the protection casing 521 of the battery cell 520 and the refrigerant saturated liquid 510, and enhance a vaporization intensity of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510.
In one embodiment, the wall surface slope of the wall surface of the battery module case 50 away from the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 is set to 0.001 to 0.01.
The wall surface gradient is set to be in the range of 0.001-0.01, and may be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.005 or 0.01. The wall surface of the battery module box 50 far away from the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 has a certain gradient, so that a good flow guiding effect is achieved. In the present embodiment, the wall surface gradient is set to 0.003.
In one embodiment, the outlet refrigerant valve 220 is disposed on a wall of the battery module case 50 having a wall slope. Through the arrangement of the wall surface gradient, the airflow can move along the wall surface, and further the airflow flows out along the outlet refrigerant valve 220, so that the two-phase flow heat transfer circulation is realized.
In one embodiment, the inlet refrigerant injector 230 is used for injecting a refrigerant saturated liquid 510 into the battery module case 50. The refrigerant saturated liquid 510 nominal fill rate (compared to the battery module case 50) should not be higher than 90%. Wherein, the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 can be non-conductive, non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting R404A, R407C, R410A or R507A.
Referring to fig. 2, the present application provides a control method for a power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer, comprising:
s10, providing a power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer, the power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer includes a compressor 110, a condenser 120, an inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, an outlet refrigerant valve 220, an inlet refrigerant injector 230, an inlet pressure detection device 240, an outlet pressure detection device 250, and a processor 30, one end of the compressor 110 is connected to one end of the condenser 120, the other end of the condenser 120 is connected to one end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, the other end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is connected to the inlet refrigerant injector 230, the inlet refrigerant injector 230 is used to inject a refrigerant saturated liquid 510 into a battery module box 50, the outlet refrigerant valve 220 is disposed on the battery module box 50, the outlet refrigerant valve 220 is connected to the other end of the compressor 110, the inlet pressure detecting device 240 is disposed near the inlet refrigerant injector 230, the outlet pressure detecting device 250 is disposed near the outlet refrigerant valve 220, and the processor 30 is connected to the inlet pressure detecting device 240 and the outlet pressure detecting device 250, respectively;
s20, acquiring an inlet side pressure value and an outlet side pressure value according to the inlet pressure detection device 240 and the outlet pressure detection device 250, respectively, and transmitting the inlet side pressure value and the outlet side pressure value to the processor 30;
s30, calculating and acquiring a pressure difference value between the inlet side pressure value and the outlet side pressure value;
s40, presetting a plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, the processor 30 determining the relationship between the pressure difference and the plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, and controlling the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the compressor 110 and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 according to the relationship between the pressure difference and the plurality of level pressure difference thresholds.
In S20, the inlet pressure detecting device 240 and the outlet pressure detecting device 250 monitor the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure in real time, and transmit the inlet side pressure value and the outlet side pressure value to the processor 30. In S30, a pressure difference value between the inlet-side pressure value and the outlet-side pressure value is calculated and obtained by the processor 30. In S40, the processor 30 determines the level to which the pressure difference value belongs according to the level pressure difference thresholds. Further, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the compressor 110, and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 according to the determination result.
When the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer works, the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 absorbs heat generated by the battery and then is vaporized, and the rapid temperature drop of the battery is realized by latent heat of vaporization. In the process of two-phase flow and heat transfer of the refrigerant, as the vaporization rate of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 is increased continuously, the buoyancy lift force is greater than the resistance of the heat-conducting channel. At this time, the two-phase flow regime evolves from pulsating oscillations to stable directional flow along the thermally conductive channel. The control method of the power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer cooperatively changes the flow and the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant by cooperatively controlling the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the rotating speed of the compressor 110 and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, thereby realizing the comprehensive regulation and control of the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant.
Therefore, the sensible heat exchange capacity and the latent heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant are comprehensively regulated and controlled by the control method of the forced circulation system of the power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer, so that the aim of thermal safety prevention and control for preventing and controlling temperature distortion is fulfilled. In addition, the control method of the forced circulation system of the power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer can monitor the pressure difference in real time, carry out level division, directly and efficiently adjust the process, improve the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module, carry out heat exchange in time, delay the occurrence time of battery triggering thermal runaway and be beneficial to improving the performance of inhibiting thermal runaway propagation in the thermal safety design of the battery module.
In one embodiment, in the S40, the plurality of level pressure difference thresholds include a first level threshold Pr <0.15MPa, a second level threshold 0.15 ≦ Pr <0.31, a third level threshold 0.31 ≦ Pr <0.51, a fourth level threshold 0.35 ≦ Pr <0.72, and a fifth level threshold 0.72 ≦ Pr.
By dividing the multiple levels of pressure difference thresholds into multiple levels for regulation and control, when the pressure difference is monitored in real time, different pressure differences can be divided into different levels and regulated and controlled according to regulation and control modes in different levels. Therefore, the adjusting process is direct and efficient, the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module can be improved, heat exchange is timely carried out, the occurrence time of thermal runaway triggered by the battery can be delayed, and the inhibition performance of thermal runaway propagation in the thermal safety design of the battery module can be favorably improved.
In one embodiment, the S40 includes:
s410, when the pressure difference value belongs to the first-stage threshold value, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220 to close, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 is 2000rpm, and the opening of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is 0.12;
s420, when the pressure difference value belongs to the second-level threshold, the third-level threshold, the fourth-level threshold, or the fifth-level threshold, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220 to open, regulates the rotation speed of the compressor 110 to gradually increase within a range of 4000rpm to 8000rpm, and regulates the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 to gradually increase within a range of 0.25 to 1.
In S410, when the pressure difference value belongs to the first-stage threshold value, the processor 30 controls to close the outlet refrigerant valve 220, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 is set to 2000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is set to 0.12, so that the working pressure of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 in the battery module case 50 is 1.44 Mpa.
And in the step S420, regulating and controlling the rotation speed of the compressor 110 to gradually increase within the range of 4000rpm to 8000 rpm. Wherein, the rotating speed of the compressor 110 is regulated within the range of more than or equal to 4000rpm and less than or equal to 8000 rpm. And regulating the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 to gradually increase within the range of 0.25-1. The opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is controlled within a range of 0.25 to 1.
Therefore, through the step S40, when the pressure difference value belongs to the second-stage threshold value, the third-stage threshold value, the fourth-stage threshold value, or the fifth-stage threshold value, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 may be regulated to gradually increase within a range of 4000rpm to 8000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 may be regulated to gradually increase within a range of 0.25 to 1. At this time, according to the real-time monitoring of the pressure difference, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 can be gradually adjusted according to the change of the pressure difference value, and heat exchange is performed in time, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module is improved.
In one embodiment, the S420 includes:
s421, when the pressure difference value belongs to the second-stage threshold value, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220 to open, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 is 4000rpm, and the opening of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is 0.25;
s422, when the pressure difference value belongs to the third-stage threshold value, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220 to open, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 is 6000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is 0.52;
s423, when the pressure difference value is the fourth-level threshold value, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220 to open, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 is 8000rpm, and the opening of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is 0.73;
s424, when the pressure difference value belongs to the fifth-level threshold value, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220 to open, the rotation speed of the compressor 110 is 8000rpm, and the opening of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 is 1.
In S421, when the pressure difference is the second-stage threshold, the processor 30 controls the outlet refrigerant valve 220 to open, and the processor 30 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 110 to increase to 4000rpm and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 to increase to 0.25, so that the working pressure of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 in the battery module box 50 is 1.25 Mpa.
In S422, when the pressure difference value belongs to the third-stage threshold value, the processor 30 controls to increase the rotation speed of the compressor 110 to 6000rpm and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 to 0.52, so that the working pressure of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 in the battery module case 50 is 1.08 Mpa.
In S423, when the pressure difference value belongs to the fourth stage threshold value, the processor 30 controls to increase the rotation speed of the compressor 110 to 8000rpm and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 to 0.73, so that the working pressure of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 in the battery module case 50 is 0.93 Mpa.
In S424, when the pressure difference value belongs to the fifth-stage threshold value, the processor 30 controls to increase the rotation speed of the compressor 110 to 8000rpm and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 to 1, so that the working pressure of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 in the battery module case 50 is 0.79 Mpa.
Referring to fig. 3, the working pressure and latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant-saturated liquid 510 are shown in fig. 3. The refrigerant saturated liquid 510 described herein is R410A refrigerant saturated liquid. The R410A refrigerant saturated liquid is filled in the battery module box body 50, the filling rate is 80%, the working pressure of the R410A refrigerant saturated liquid is 1.44MPa, and the latent heat of vaporization is 400.3 kj/kg.
Referring to fig. 4, the method for controlling the processor 30 is shown.
In this embodiment, through the steps S421 to S424, when the pressure difference value belongs to the second-level threshold, the third-level threshold, the fourth-level threshold, or the fifth-level threshold, the outlet refrigerant valve 220 is opened, and the rotation speed of the compressor 110 and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210 are correspondingly regulated and controlled, so that the working pressure of the refrigerant saturated liquid 510 can be changed. Therefore, by dividing the multiple levels of pressure difference thresholds into multiple levels for regulation and control, when the pressure difference is monitored in real time, different pressure differences can be divided into different levels and regulated and controlled according to the regulation and control modes in different levels. Therefore, the adjusting process is direct and efficient, the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module can be improved, heat exchange is timely carried out, the occurrence time of thermal runaway triggered by the battery can be delayed, and the inhibition performance of thermal runaway propagation in the thermal safety design of the battery module can be favorably improved.
In one embodiment, the control method of the power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer further comprises the following steps:
when the pressure difference value belongs to the first-level threshold, the second-level threshold, the third-level threshold, the fourth-level threshold, or the fifth-level threshold, the processor 30 controls the inlet three-way valve 170, the outlet three-way valve 180, the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve 210, the outlet refrigerant valve 220, and the compressor 110 to adjust the temperature of the space where the evaporator 140 is located.
Therefore, by arranging the branch where the evaporator 140 and the electromagnetic expansion valve 160 are located in a certain space, the temperature in the space can be adjusted by the control method of the two-phase flow heat transfer based power battery pack forced circulation system, so that multifunctional application is realized, energy can be saved, and cost can be reduced.
Referring to fig. 5-7, in one embodiment, fig. 5 is a graph illustrating time delay data of thermal runaway trigger temperature of a battery module in a thermal abuse test by laterally heating the heater 60 using the two-phase flow heat transfer based power battery pack forced circulation system 100. In which the change in the center point temperature of the 2#, 4#, 6# and 8# batteries was monitored.
Wherein: the heat conductivity coefficient of the battery is 30W/square meter K, the heating power of the lateral heater is 3000W, and the initial temperature of the experiment is 293K.
Please refer to the experimental result of fig. 6, it can be seen that, according to the power battery forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer and the control method of the power battery forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer provided in the present application, the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 2# occurs at the 325 th second, the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 4# occurs at the 331 th second, the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 6# occurs at the 342 th second, and the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 8# occurs at the 350 th second.
As can be seen from the experimental results of fig. 7, in the air natural convection environment based on the conventional circulation system, the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 2# occurs at the 206 th second, the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 4# occurs at the 211 th second, the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 6# occurs at the 219 th second, and the temperature rise sudden change point of the battery 8# occurs at the 225 th second.
Therefore, as can be seen from comparing fig. 6 and fig. 7, by using the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer and the control method of the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer provided in the present application, the inhibition effect of thermal runaway propagation can be improved by 1.56 times compared with the natural air convection environment based on the conventional circulation system. Therefore, the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer and the control method of the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer can delay the occurrence time of battery trigger thermal runaway by 1.56 times, and are beneficial to improving the performance of inhibiting thermal runaway propagation in the thermal safety design of the battery module. In addition, the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer and the control method of the power battery pack forced circulation system 100 based on two-phase flow heat transfer can be directly and efficiently adjusted and controlled, and the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module can be improved by at least 3.24 times.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer is characterized by comprising a compressor (110), a condenser (120), an inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210), an outlet refrigerant valve (220), an inlet refrigerant injector (230), an inlet pressure detection device (240), an outlet pressure detection device (250) and a processor (30);
one end of the compressor (110) is connected with one end of the condenser (120), the other end of the condenser (120) is connected with one end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210), the other end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is connected with the inlet refrigerant jet sprayer (230), and the inlet refrigerant jet sprayer (230) is used for spraying refrigerant saturated liquid (510) into the battery module box body (50);
the outlet refrigerant valve (220) is arranged on the battery module box body (50), and the outlet refrigerant valve (220) is connected with the other end of the compressor (110);
the inlet pressure detection device (240) is arranged close to the inlet refrigerant injector (230) and is used for detecting the inlet side pressure of the inlet side of the battery module box body (50);
the outlet pressure detection device (250) is arranged close to the outlet refrigerant valve (220) and is used for detecting the outlet side pressure of the outlet side of the battery module box body (50);
the processor (30) is respectively connected with the inlet pressure detection device (240) and the outlet pressure detection device (250) and is used for acquiring the inlet side pressure and the outlet side pressure;
the processor (30) is configured to control the outlet refrigerant valve (220), the compressor (110), and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) according to the inlet-side pressure and the outlet-side pressure.
2. The two-phase flow heat transfer based power battery forced circulation system of claim 1, further comprising:
an inlet three-way valve (170), wherein a first end of the inlet three-way valve (170) is connected with the other end of the condenser (120), and a second end of the inlet three-way valve (170) is connected with one end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210);
a reservoir (130) connected to a first end of the inlet three-way valve (170);
one end of the electromagnetic expansion valve (160) is connected with the third end of the inlet three-way valve (170);
the evaporator (140), one end of the evaporator (140) is connected with the other end of the electromagnetic expansion valve (160);
a first end of the outlet three-way valve (180) is connected with the other end of the evaporator (140), a second end of the outlet three-way valve (180) is connected with the other end of the compressor (110), and a third end of the outlet three-way valve (180) is connected with the outlet refrigerant valve (220);
an evaporator heat dissipation structure (150) disposed adjacent to the evaporator (140) for dissipating heat.
3. The two-phase flow heat transfer based power battery forced circulation system of claim 1, further comprising:
and the heat preservation and insulation device (40) is used for wrapping the battery module box body (50).
4. The two-phase flow heat transfer based power battery pack forced circulation system of claim 1, wherein the battery module case (50) comprises:
the battery module box comprises a plurality of battery single bodies (520) arranged at intervals, and a box body accommodating space (530) formed by surrounding the battery module box body (50);
the heat conducting sheets (540) are arranged between every two adjacent battery cells (520), and each two heat conducting sheets (540) form a heat conducting channel (541).
5. The power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer of claim 4, characterized in that the width of the cross section of the heat-conducting channel (541) is 1mm to 4 mm.
6. The power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer according to claim 1, wherein the wall slope of the wall surface of the battery module case (50) away from the refrigerant saturated liquid (510) is set to 0.001-0.01.
7. The power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer of claim 6, wherein the outlet refrigerant valve (220) is arranged on the wall surface of the battery module box body (50) with a wall surface gradient.
8. A control method of a power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, providing a power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer, wherein the power battery pack forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer comprises a compressor (110), a condenser (120), an inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210), an outlet refrigerant valve (220), an inlet refrigerant injector (230), an inlet pressure detection device (240), an outlet pressure detection device (250) and a processor (30), one end of the compressor (110) is connected with one end of the condenser (120), the other end of the condenser (120) is connected with one end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210), the other end of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is connected with the inlet refrigerant injector (230), the inlet refrigerant injector (230) is used for injecting refrigerant saturated liquid (510) into a battery module box body (50), and the outlet refrigerant valve (220) is arranged on the battery module box body (50), the outlet refrigerant valve (220) is connected with the other end of the compressor (110), the inlet pressure detection device (240) is arranged close to the inlet refrigerant injector (230), the outlet pressure detection device (250) is arranged close to the outlet refrigerant valve (220), and the processor (30) is respectively connected with the inlet pressure detection device (240) and the outlet pressure detection device (250);
s20, respectively acquiring an inlet side pressure value and an outlet side pressure value according to the inlet pressure detection device (240) and the outlet pressure detection device (250), and transmitting the inlet side pressure value and the outlet side pressure value to the processor (30);
s30, calculating and acquiring a pressure difference value between the inlet side pressure value and the outlet side pressure value;
s40, presetting a plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, the processor (30) determining the relationship between the pressure difference and the plurality of level pressure difference thresholds, and controlling the outlet refrigerant valve (220), the compressor (110), and the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) according to the relationship between the pressure difference and the plurality of level pressure difference thresholds.
9. The method of controlling a power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer according to claim 8, wherein in said S40, said plurality of step pressure difference thresholds include a first step threshold Pr <0.15Mpa, a second step threshold 0.15 Pr <0.31, a third step threshold 0.31 Pr <0.51, a fourth step threshold 0.35 Pr <0.72 and a fifth step threshold 0.72 Pr.
10. The control method for a power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer according to claim 9, wherein said S40 includes:
s410, when the pressure difference value belongs to the first-stage threshold value, the processor (30) controls the outlet refrigerant valve (220) to be closed, the rotating speed of the compressor (110) is 2000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is 0.12;
and S420, when the pressure difference value belongs to the second-level threshold value, the third-level threshold value, the fourth-level threshold value or the fifth-level threshold value, the processor (30) controls the outlet refrigerant valve (220) to be opened, the rotating speed of the compressor (110) is regulated and controlled to be gradually increased within the range of 4000rpm to 8000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is regulated and controlled to be gradually increased within the range of 0.25 to 1.
11. The method for controlling a power battery forced circulation system based on two-phase flow heat transfer according to claim 10, wherein the S420 comprises:
s421, when the pressure difference value belongs to the second-stage threshold value, the processor (30) controls the outlet refrigerant valve (220) to be opened, the rotating speed of the compressor (110) is 4000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is 0.25;
s422, when the pressure difference value belongs to the third-stage threshold value, the processor (30) controls the outlet refrigerant valve (220) to open, the rotation speed of the compressor (110) is 6000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is 0.52;
s423, when the pressure difference value belongs to the fourth-level threshold, the processor (30) controls the outlet refrigerant valve (220) to open, the rotation speed of the compressor (110) is 8000rpm, and the opening of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is 0.73;
and S424, when the pressure difference value belongs to the fifth-level threshold value, the processor (30) controls the outlet refrigerant valve (220) to be opened, the rotating speed of the compressor (110) is 8000rpm, and the opening degree of the inlet electromagnetic expansion valve (210) is 1.
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