CN101282075A - Apparatus and method for cooling phase transition of electric and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for cooling phase transition of electric and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN101282075A CN101282075A CN 200710092145 CN200710092145A CN101282075A CN 101282075 A CN101282075 A CN 101282075A CN 200710092145 CN200710092145 CN 200710092145 CN 200710092145 A CN200710092145 A CN 200710092145A CN 101282075 A CN101282075 A CN 101282075A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Abstract
A power electronic equipment of traction motor for driving vehicle is cooled in the closing system by directly injecting the dielectric liquid coolant on the inverter circuit. The liquid coolant generates phase change and evaporates when the inverter circuit inclduing the power electronic equipment is heated from the power transistor. The generated steam is condensated into liquid in the heat exchanging device which has a pipe transporting a second coolant from the radiator which is used for cooling a motor or fuel cell stacks. The overspray coolant keeping in the liquid state can be cooled by the heat exchanging device. The recycle rate of the coolant can be increased by using the latent heat of vaporization of the dielectric liquid coolant when the power output is increased, the temperature increment in the power electronic equipment is controlled.
Description
Related application
The application is the U.S. Patent application No.11/054 that is filed in by name " cooling device (Cooling Arrangements For Integrated Electric MotorInverters) that is used for integrated motor inverter " on February 9th, 2005,483 the part case that continues.
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the devices and methods therefor of the phase transformation cooling of power electronic equipment.More specifically, the present invention relates to be used to cool off the apparatus and method of the power electronic equipment that comprises inverter circuit, wherein inverter circuit offers traction electric machine with electric current, this traction electric machine is used to drive motor vehicle, such as but be not limited to the motor vehicle of battery-driven vehicle, oil-electricity mixed power vehicle and fuel cell-driven.
Background technology
Use the vehicle of traction electric machine powered vehicle wheel, no matter motor is in the oil-electricity mixed power vehicle or in the vehicle of fuel cell-driven, all typically use the three phase alternating current motor that connects with inverter circuit, this inverter circuit will be converted to interchange from the direct current of power supply.At present, inverter circuit generally includes the power transistor that is installed on DBC (direct copper plate, the direct bonded copper) substrate with integrated bus.
When vehicle starting, when changing cruising speed, acceleration and braking, the power demand of the traction electric machine of powered vehicle fluctuates on very wide scope.The fluctuation of power demand causes being connected to the variations in temperature in the power electronic equipment of traction electric machine.Power electronic equipment comprises the inverter circuit of being made up of the different materials with different coefficients of expansion.Therefore, because when the integrated parts of inverter circuit expanded with different speed, described parts tended to relative to each other move slightly in response to variations in temperature the time, so heat fluctuation can worsen inverter circuit.Must control temperature remains in the acceptable level with expansion and contraction with parts.At present, this is by the radiator circulation that fluid passed link with DBC or by making air flow through its top to absorb and to take away heat and realize.Though it is satisfactory that these methods seem at present, but still need be in the life period of the vehicle that the uses traction electric machine temperature of control inverter circuit more accurately, to keep reliability and to control power consumption.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned consideration, a kind of cooling device is provided, be used for the cooling power electron device part, this power electronic equipment is connected to traction electric machine and thinks that it provides electric current, and this traction electric machine is used to drive at least one driving wheel of automobile.This device comprises the shell with cabin, and this cabin has the space that holds described parts.This cabin has the entrance and exit that is used for the cooling fluid of described spatial communication.This cooling fluid is a non-aggressive dielectric cooling fluid, this dielectric cooling fluid under liquid phase, be assigned in the described space by pump and the parts of inverter circuit on, this pump is used for from reservoir recirculation dielectric coolant, and this reservoir is collected dielectric coolant from parts.Dielectric coolant has transformation temperature, and this transformation temperature is selected to a large amount of heat of absorption under the boiling temperature at cooling agent before the cryogen boil-off.Before being applied on the electronic power parts under the liquid phase again, reservoir uses the second cooling agent condensation recirculated fluid in liquid-fluid heat exchanger with recirculated fluid.
In the others of cooling device, dielectric coolant has the boiling point in 90 ℃ to 120 ℃ scope.
In the others of cooling device, dielectric coolant has and is lower than 100 ℃ boiling point.
In the others of cooling device, dielectric coolant has about 98 ℃ boiling point.
In the others of cooling device, the dielectric coolant fluid is the mixture of methyl proxitol and HMDO.
In others, a kind of method of cooling power electronic equipment is provided, wherein absorb heat from the power electronic equipment that is used for drive wheels by the recirculation coolant fluid, this coolant fluid is when undergoing phase transition when power electronic equipment absorbs heat, and is condensed then and is injected on the power electronic equipment as liquid again.
Description of drawings
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, because the present invention will better be understood, various further features of the present invention and the bonus easier quilt that will become is understood fully, and identical Reference numeral is indicated same or analogous parts in all some accompanying drawings, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with automobile of oil-electricity mixed power drive unit;
Fig. 2 is to use fuel cell power to drive the schematic diagram of the automobile of traction electric machine;
Fig. 3 cools off the vehicle with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 being used to of using and the schematic diagram of the heat-exchanger loop of condensation power electronic equipment coolant fluid;
Fig. 4 is the front view according to the inverter circuit of the spraying cooling of second embodiment of the present invention structure shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5 is used to cool off and the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the heat-exchanger loop of the cooling agent of condensation vaporization, and described cooling agent is used for cooling off the power electronic equipment that the vehicle at Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 uses.
Embodiment
Referring now to Fig. 1, the example of the oil-electric driver 10 that is used for powered vehicle 12 is shown, this vehicle uses internal combustion engine 14 and three-phase traction motor 16 to pass through the wheel 18 of speed changer 17 powered vehicle.Power distribution device 22 determines it is internal combustion engine 14 or motor 16 drive speed transmission 17, or speed changer or internal combustion engine drive generator 24.In the alternate embodiment (not shown), it is adjacent with traction electric machine 16 that generator 24 is mounted to, and use the device cooling identical with traction electric machine.The charging of generator 24 accumulators 26 also/or direct current offered inverter circuit 28, this inverter circuit provides alternating current for traction electric machine 16.Because inverter circuit 28 produces heat, so inverter circuit needs cooling device 32.According to an aspect of the present invention, cooling device 32 is connected to the sealing cooling circuit 33 that connects with radiator 34 heat of cooling internal combustion engines 14.Cooling device 32 has and inverter circuit 28 formation one at least a portion with formation module 35.
Referring now to Fig. 2, three-phase traction motor 16 supply capabilities that fuel cell drive 10 ' uses fuel cell 40 to give by speed changer 17 ' drive wheels 18.Fuel cell 40 or directly or by batteries 26 ' connection so that direct current is supplied to inverter circuit 28 ', this inverter circuit converts direct current to the alternating current that is used for three phase electric machine 16.As the oil-electricity mixed power of Fig. 1, inverter circuit 28 ' has the cooling device 32 ' that is connected to the radiator 34 ' that is used for cooled fuel cell 40 by cooling circuit 33 ' heat.As first embodiment of Fig. 1, in second embodiment of Fig. 2, cooling device 32 ' forms one with inverter circuit 28 ' at least in part.
Referring now to Fig. 3, can be used for oil-electricity mixed power drive unit 10 or fuel cell drives 10 ' at the inverter cooling device 32 or 32 ' shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively.Oil-electricity mixed power drive unit 10 and fuel cell drives 10 ' only are the examples of the various structures of this drive unit.For example, oil-electricity mixed power drive unit 10 can be configured to be arranged in parallel, arranged in series or other effective layout, and fuel cell drives 10 ' also can be the same.Oil-electricity mixed power drive unit 10 can use gasoline engine, diesel engine, turbogenerator or any other engine construction.
By using coolant distributor 60, liquid coolant 64 is applied directly to the thermal source in the power electronic equipment, is about to the power transistor 52 that direct current converts interchange to.Cooling makes the power density (power of per unit volume) of inverter circuit 28 to increase.In order to be cooled off by liquid coolant 64, the heat that is produced by power transistor 52 does not need to pass multilayer material, and some in the described material have low heat conductivity.On the contrary, the direct heat path that is provided by the spraying cooling reduces the temperature of power transistor 52.Have at power transistor 52 under the situation of lower temperature, can obtain by the power of inverter circuit 28 to the increase of three-phase traction motor 16.Perhaps,, can use less inverter circuit 28 to produce the essentially identical available horsepower of traction electric machine 16, take less space simultaneously by the cooling that improves.
The spraying cooling that is provided by nozzle 62 also can be used on other parts that link with inverter circuit 28, such as capacitor, transformer and thermally sensitive integrated circuit.And the spraying cooling provides the cooling to the wire-bonded between the element of inverter circuit 28, and avoids wire-bonded overheated, thereby makes fault minimum.Therefore, the reduction with the part temperatures that obtains provides the reliability of improving.
Because the spraying cooling provides the cooling capacity that increases, therefore the spraying cooling has improved the repellence of 28 pairs of transient power fluctuations of inverter circuit.Transient power fluctuations is owing to power increase suddenly in the short time that vehicle 12 (Fig. 1 and 2) requires is present in the input of inverter circuit 28.This fluctuation can be caused that the impedance of this increase causes that then the temperature in the power transistor 52 raises by the impedance of the increase that motor 16 is exported.By making coolant 64 be applied directly to power transistor 52, reduced the variations in temperature in duration and temperature rising.
For cooling agent 64 is not interacted with the parts of inverter circuit 28 or worsen the parts of inverter circuit 28 electricly, cooling agent is a dielectric coolant, preferably has the boiling point in about 90 ℃ to 120 ℃ scope.The cooling agent of recommending is a methylsiloxane (methylsiloxane) and such as the mixture of the organic compound of polypropylene glycol methyl ether (polypropylene glycolmethyl ether), and wherein cooling agent has minimum unsteadiness and reactivity.An example of this liquid is the OS-120 that can buy from Dow Corning company, it is the mixture of HMDO (hexmethyldisiloxane) and methyl proxitol (propylene glycol methyl ether), HMDO has and is higher than 60% percentage by weight, and methyl proxitol has the percentage by weight in 10% to 30% scope.OS-120 has about 98 ℃ boiling point, and is the dielectric substance of not degrading when being used to cool off interconnective electric parts.Dielectric liquid cooling agent 64 continues heat absorption and is not phase-changed into its vapor form 64 ' under about 98 ℃, thermal capacity up to cooling agent reaches its boiling point, and liquid coolant vaporization this moment is to take away the heat that produce and that give out from the miscellaneous part of power electronics assembly by power transistor 52.As the substitute of OS-120, can use have minimum unsteadiness and with other dielectric coolant of the minimal reaction of the electric parts of inverter.
Still mainly with reference to Fig. 3, cooling agent 64 is used as the liquid jet, and is collected in the liquid collection section 70 in cabin 50, and turns back to reservoir 74 by spraying backward channel 72, and this reservoir is connected to pump 76 by filter 75.Pump 76 is connected to liquid distributor 60 by pipeline 76a, and this liquid distributor supplies to circulating fluid cooling agent 64 spray nozzle 62 of the lasting cooling that is used for inverter circuit 28.When liquid coolant 64 by reservoir 74 circulation times, inverter cooling circuit 33 or 33 ' (also see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) cooling of liquid coolant by having second liquid coolant 77.The example of second liquid coolant 77 is glycol waters.Second cooling agent 77 flows through the pipeline 78 in the reservoir 74, and is supplied with by the radiator 34 of the internal combustion engine 14 that cools off Fig. 1, is perhaps supplied with by the radiator 34 ' of the fuel battery 40 of cooling off Fig. 2.
The cooling device of Fig. 3 has utilized the latent heat of the vaporization of cooling agent 64.When being injected on the electronic power parts of operating under than the high temperature of the vaporization of cooling agent (that is, boiling) temperature when liquid coolant 64, cooling agent becomes vaporization cooling agent 64 ' mutually from liquid coolant 64.When the vaporization cooling agent was distributed in the chamber 50 ', vaporization cooling agent 64 ' was taken away used heat from inverter circuit 28 (or 28 ').Coolant circuit 33 or 33 ' comprise the condenser 200 that separates with reservoir 74 ' and be used for vaporization cooling agent 64 ' from the cabin 50 ' the independent passage 206 that is transported to cooling agent 200.Second cooling agent stream 77 from vehicle radiator 34 or 34 ' circulates by coolant hose 78 ', so that cooling agent is become coolant liquid 64 mutually from steam 64 '.From the liquid 64 of condenser 200 mix with liquid in the reservoir 74 ' and by pump 76 by filtering by filter 75 before the pipeline 76a blowback fluid distributor 60, cooling agent 64 is ejected on the power inverter circuit 28 with liquid form at described fluid distributor place.
Perhaps, the temperature of available heat galvanic couple monitor transistor 52, the speed of increase pump 76 when transistorized temperature raises is to spray more liquid coolant and to reduce transistorized temperature thus.
Now in conjunction with Fig. 3 more specifically with reference to Fig. 4, the spray cooling device of Fig. 3 is constructed to be shown in the module 35 or 35 ' of Fig. 4.Negative pressure by pump 76 is aspirated steam 64 ' and is made it enter condenser 200 by passage 206.In the device of Fig. 4, condenser 200 is arranged in reservoir 74 tops, so that the liquid coolant 64 that is condensed from coolant vapours 64 ' is flowed down and mix with the coolant liquid 64 of crossing spray that enters reservoir by passage 72.All that be cooled and cooling agents that be condensed are drawn through filter 75 then and enter pump 76; By pump recirculation, and be injected on the inverter circuit 28 as liquid mist or drop 64 by nozzle 62 then.Liquid mist or drop 64 form liquid level on inverter circuit 28, and as mentioned above, at least a portion of this liquid level heat absorption and liquid is vaporized into steam 64 '.Steam 64 ' is drawn in the condenser 200 by passage 206 by pump 76 then, and mixes to continue cool cycles with the liquid coolant 64 of cooling in reservoir 74.
Referring now to Fig. 5, the second embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein only be the 64 ' recirculation of vaporization cooling agent, removed the pipeline 72 of Fig. 3.By this device, the heat of vaporization basic controlling by liquid coolant 64 temperature of power electronic equipment 28, this temperature is lower than 100 ℃ under the situation of above-mentioned OS-120.
From the above description, those skilled in the art can easily determine essential characteristic of the present invention, and under the situation that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make various modifications and variations of the present invention, so that it is suitable for various uses and condition.
Claims (12)
1. cooling device that is used to cool off inverter circuit, described inverter circuit provides electric current to traction electric machine, and described traction electric machine is used to drive at least one driving wheel of automobile, and described device comprises:
Have the parts that hold described inverter circuit the space hold the cabin;
Export with the fresh coolant fluid inlet of the described spatial communication of the parts that hold described inverter circuit with the coolant fluid of crossing;
The dielectric liquid cooling agent;
The cooling fluid distributor, this cooling fluid distributor is used for described dielectric liquid cooling agent is ejected into the parts of described space and described inverter circuit under liquid phase;
It has been the dielectric coolant of gas phase from liquid-phase conversion that condenser, this condenser are used to liquefy when the parts from described inverter circuit have absorbed enough heats and undergone phase transition; And
Pump, this pump are used to make described dielectric coolant mainly to be recycled to the described space of the parts of the described inverter circuit of cooling that is used to circulate from reservoir and described condenser when liquid phase.
2. cooling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cooling device also comprises the controller of the cooling requirement that is used to monitor described parts, and this controller is connected to described pump, power is provided for described pump according to the cooling requirement of described parts.
3. cooling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described dielectric coolant fluid is the mixture of methyl proxitol and HMDO.
4. cooling device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reservoir, condenser filter and pump are close to layout mutually so that a module to be provided.
5. cooling device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described controller is connected to the electric power output of described power electronic equipment, and the cooling agent output that increases described pump in response to the electric power output of the increase of described power electronic equipment is to distribute and recirculation dielectric coolant fluid under the speed faster, to absorb the additional heat that is produced by excess power output.
6. cooling device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cooling device also comprises the reservoir that is used to be collected in the spray part excessively that is ejected into the dielectric fluid that remains on liquid phase on the described power electronic equipment afterwards, and this reservoir cools off described liquid and is used for recirculation on described power electronic equipment subsequently.
7. the method for a cooling power electronic equipment, described power electronic equipment provides electric current to traction electric machine, and described traction electric machine drives at least one driving wheel of automobile, and described method comprises:
With the dielectric liquid refrigerant injection to described power electronic equipment, described dielectric liquid cooling agent has the latent heat of vaporization, and this latent heat of vaporization is enough to when described dielectric liquid cooling agent remains on stationary temperature and continued to remove heat from described power electronic equipment before described dielectric liquid cooling agent undergoes phase transition and becomes steam;
Described vapor condensation is become liquid, and described liquid is recycled on the described power electronic equipment, be used for vaporization subsequently, to cool off described power electronic equipment continuously and to keep the temperature of described power electronic equipment to be lower than selected level.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described method also comprises the power output of monitoring described power electronic equipment, and increases the speed of the recirculation of coolant liquid when this power output increases.
9. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described dielectric coolant is the mixture of methyl proxitol and HMDO.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described stationary temperature is not higher than 100 ℃.
11. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described stationary temperature appears at about 90 ℃ and arrives in about 120 ℃ scope.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described stationary temperature is not higher than 100 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN200710092145.9A CN101282075B (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2007-04-02 | For the devices and methods therefor of the Phase cooling of power electronic equipment |
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CN200710092145.9A CN101282075B (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2007-04-02 | For the devices and methods therefor of the Phase cooling of power electronic equipment |
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CN101282075B CN101282075B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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Cited By (9)
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CN103222174A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-07-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Power conversion apparatus |
CN103874390A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-18 | 华为机器有限公司 | Liquid injection-discharge device |
CN103917758A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2014-07-09 | 雷诺股份公司 | Cooling of an electric motor via heat pipes |
CN105658037A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州大景能源科技有限公司 | Integrated liquid-cooling heat dissipation case |
CN111141053A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-12 | 清华大学 | Forced circulation system of power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer and control method |
CN111511164A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-08-07 | 西南电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所) | Spray cooling phase change heat sink integrated evaporation cooling device |
CN111540716A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-08-14 | 常州江苏大学工程技术研究院 | Electrostatic flash evaporation micro-spray circulating cooling system for heat dissipation of high-power chip |
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Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6447270B1 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2002-09-10 | Walbro Corporation | Brushless coolant pump and cooling system |
US6772603B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-08-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Methods and apparatus for thermal management of vehicle systems and components |
US7210304B2 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2007-05-01 | General Motors Corporation | Cooling arrangements for integrated electric motor-inverters |
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2007
- 2007-04-02 CN CN200710092145.9A patent/CN101282075B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN103222174A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-07-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Power conversion apparatus |
CN103222174B (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2015-07-01 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Power conversion apparatus |
CN103917758A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2014-07-09 | 雷诺股份公司 | Cooling of an electric motor via heat pipes |
CN103874390A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-18 | 华为机器有限公司 | Liquid injection-discharge device |
CN103874390B (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-11-23 | 华为机器有限公司 | liquid injection device |
CN105658037A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州大景能源科技有限公司 | Integrated liquid-cooling heat dissipation case |
CN111141053A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-12 | 清华大学 | Forced circulation system of power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer and control method |
CN111141053B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-10-09 | 清华大学 | Forced circulation system of power battery pack based on two-phase flow heat transfer and control method |
CN111511164A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-08-07 | 西南电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所) | Spray cooling phase change heat sink integrated evaporation cooling device |
CN111511164B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2023-05-05 | 西南电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所) | Spray cooling phase-change heat sink integrated evaporative cooling device |
CN111540716A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-08-14 | 常州江苏大学工程技术研究院 | Electrostatic flash evaporation micro-spray circulating cooling system for heat dissipation of high-power chip |
CN111540716B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-02 | 常州江苏大学工程技术研究院 | Electrostatic flash evaporation micro-spray circulating cooling system for heat dissipation of high-power chip |
WO2023098454A1 (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-06-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Liquid cooling structure and electronic device |
CN117293104A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2023-12-26 | 贵州芯际探索科技有限公司 | SiC element heat dissipation packaging structure and packaging method |
CN117293104B (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-03-22 | 贵州芯际探索科技有限公司 | SIC device heat dissipation packaging structure and packaging method |
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