CN111140858A

CN111140858A - Small-size domestic waste burns burning furnace

Info

Publication number: CN111140858A
Application number: CN202010061715.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邹娱; 冯威旗; 刘南渠; 陈迪华; 邹辉
Original assignee: Yunnan Jingmei Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yunnan Jingmei Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-19
Filing date: 2020-01-19
Publication date: 2020-05-12

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator, which comprises an internal hearth and an ash cavity, wherein a grate assembly for separating the hearth from the ash cavity is also arranged in the furnace body, a smoke gathering pipe communicated with the hearth is arranged in the side wall of the furnace body, and a three-way pipe, a secondary combustion chamber, a settling chamber and a fly ash collecting chamber are sequentially communicated with the smoke gathering pipe; when the incinerator works, primary air passes through the fire grate assembly from the ash cavity and enters the hearth, secondary air enters the hearth from the transverse pipe, the vertical pipe and the secondary air supply flow channel, two paths of air are used for maintaining the combustion of garbage, high-temperature flue gas generated in a combustion area directly enters the smoke gathering pipe, and is discharged out of the incinerator after secondary combustion and sedimentation. The incinerator has the advantages of high temperature of discharged flue gas, low pollutant content, stable physical parameters, convenience for subsequent purification treatment and the like, and is favorable for reducing the comprehensive disposal cost of the household garbage.

Description

Small-size domestic waste burns burning furnace

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of harmless and quantitative reduction treatment of household garbage, in particular to a small household garbage incinerator.

Technical Field

The comprehensive treatment of the human living environment in the village is widely carried out in China, and the treatment and disposal of the domestic garbage in the village are an important part of the comprehensive treatment. Practice shows that the mode of distributed incineration disposal is adopted, and the mode of cleaning incineration disposal of the domestic garbage in the rural areas according to local conditions is a good choice and accords with the current actual situation of the rural areas in China. Therefore, in recent years, medium and small-sized domestic garbage incinerators and distributed incineration technologies have been developed rapidly, and a large number of medium and small-sized domestic garbage incinerators with different technical characteristics appear on the market.

In the garbage incineration process, the garbage is contacted with oxygen (air) above the ignition temperature, combustible components in the garbage are finally converted into carbon dioxide, water and other harmless substances to generate heat, measures such as furnace temperature increase and the like are required to be taken in order to generate harmful pollutants as little as possible, namely, the discharged flue gas has high enough temperature and proper oxygen content to ensure that the generated harmful pollutants can be removed by oxidation at high temperature.

The reaction process after the garbage is put into the hearth is roughly divided into three stages: in the first stage, after cold garbage is put into a hearth, the garbage with low temperature and moisture absorbs heat in the flue gas of the hearth to be heated and the moisture is evaporated (dried); in the second stage, as the garbage absorbs heat further and rises in temperature, before reaching the ignition point, some components in the garbage, such as plastics, can generate gasification reaction to generate hydrocarbon substances with complex components; and in the third stage, the combustion reaction after the garbage is ignited, including volatile matter combustion and carbon residue combustion, is carried out until the combustion is finished. When the garbage is in the first two stages, heat is required to be absorbed from the hearth, and the garbage is released in the last stage. The test result shows that the second stage is the most critical stage for generating harmful pollutants by the waste incineration, and the odor, black smoke, tar substances in smoke and the like generated by the waste incineration are greatly related to the stage.

For small and medium-sized domestic garbage incinerators, garbage is not continuously fed into the incinerator, the incinerator body is small, heat capacity in the incinerator is not large, after garbage is fed into the incinerator each time, the temperature of a hearth can be greatly reduced, recovery time is long, the garbage stays in the second stage for a long time, and the reason that the temperature and the components of discharged flue gas of the small and medium-sized domestic garbage incinerators are extremely unstable, and black smoke is easily emitted after the garbage is fed into the incinerator is also the reason.

The instability of the discharged flue gas brings great load impact to a downstream flue gas treatment system, and particularly when the temperature of the discharged flue gas is too low, harmful substances with extremely high content in the flue gas generated during garbage combustion cannot be further oxidized and removed, so that the emission is difficult to reach the standard, and great negative effects are caused on the operation reliability and the service life of an incineration system. For example, hydrocarbon substances with longer molecular chains in the flue gas form non-gaseous and extremely-high-viscosity sticky substances when being cooled, and the sticky substances are deposited in downstream pipelines and flue gas purification equipment, and form a compact and stable adhesion layer after being wrapped with dust, so that the adhesion layer cannot be removed, and the service life or service life of the equipment is shortened rapidly. Therefore, in the case of unstable discharged flue gas of middle and small size incinerators, it is a common practice to arrange a secondary combustion chamber after the incinerator and before the flue gas is purified, and the discharged flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber in an oxygen-rich atmosphere and is heated to a higher temperature, for example, above 850 ℃, in the secondary combustion chamber, and harmful substances in the flue gas are removed by oxidation in the secondary combustion chamber. However, this method usually needs to supplement a large amount of combustion in the second combustion chamber, has high operation cost, and is difficult to bear in rural areas of China at present. Therefore, how to stably control the discharged flue gas in an ideal high-temperature state at a low cost is a difficult problem which always troubles developers of small-sized household garbage incinerators.

Therefore, the key to the popularization of distributed domestic waste disposal in rural areas is the technological progress of small domestic waste incineration plants, the key to the development of small domestic waste incineration plants is emission control, and the key to emission control is to ensure that the tapping flue gas is stably in a state of high temperature specified by the state at a low cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a novel structure of a small-sized incinerator, aiming at the problem that the discharged flue gas of the existing small-sized domestic garbage incinerator is unstable, and by adopting the structure, the discharged flue gas can reach higher temperature easily under the condition of no need of inputting auxiliary fuel or less auxiliary fuel, and the components and the temperature of the discharged flue gas are not influenced by the operation of charging garbage into the incinerator, so that the small-sized incinerator is more stable, has less impact on a downstream flue gas purification treatment system, is favorable for prolonging the service life of the flue gas purification system, and improves the reliability of the whole incineration system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that the small household garbage incinerator comprises a furnace body with an inner cavity, wherein a feeding mechanism is arranged on the furnace body, a grate component is arranged in the furnace body, the inner cavity of the furnace body is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the grate component, the upper part is a hearth, and the lower part is an ash cavity; the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a smoke gathering pipe communicated with the hearth, a three-way pipe communicated with the smoke gathering pipe, a second combustion chamber communicated with the three-way pipe, a settling chamber communicated with the second combustion chamber and a fly ash collecting cavity communicated with the settling chamber, a transverse pipe is arranged in the ash cavity, a vertical pipe is arranged on the transverse pipe, the vertical pipe penetrates through the grate assembly from bottom to top and extends into the hearth, and a secondary air supply flow passage communicated with the hearth is arranged on the vertical pipe.

Preferably, the transverse pipe is also provided with a secondary air inlet, a power input shaft with one end extending out of the end of the transverse pipe is arranged in the transverse pipe, a driving shaft is arranged in the vertical pipe, and the top of the vertical pipe is provided with a stirring device; the power input shaft is connected with a driving shaft through a transmission assembly, and the driving shaft is connected with the stirring device; the stirring device of the stirring device comprises a rotary sleeve, and the rotary sleeve is provided with a stirring roller.

Preferably, the outer wall of the rotating sleeve is provided with a sliding ring, the inner wall of the vertical pipe is provided with a supporting ring rotating sleeve, a wear-resistant ring is arranged between the sliding ring and the supporting ring, and the lower end face of the sliding ring and the upper end face of the supporting ring are respectively matched with the upper end face and the lower end face of the wear-resistant ring.

Preferably, an air supplement pipe is arranged on the second combustion chamber, an air distribution cover is arranged in the second combustion chamber, an air distribution cavity is formed by the air distribution cover and the wall surface of the second combustion chamber in a surrounding mode, and an air distribution flow channel leading to a main flow area in the second combustion chamber is arranged on the air distribution cover.

Preferably, the periphery of the air inlet part of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with an annular pipe, the annular pipe is provided with a jet pipe, one end of the jet pipe is communicated with the annular pipe, and the other end of the jet pipe extends into the secondary combustion chamber.

Preferably, a non-coplanar straight line is formed between the central line of the jet pipe and the central axis of the second combustion chamber, that is, when the airflow enters the second combustion chamber from the jet pipe, tangential momentum relative to the radial direction of the second combustion chamber or rotational momentum in the central axis direction of the second combustion chamber is generated in the second combustion chamber;

preferably, a cyclone is arranged at the inlet part of the settling chamber;

preferably, the grate assembly consists of two movable grates at two sides and one fixed grate in the middle, and the vertical pipe penetrates through the fixed grates from bottom to top and enters the hearth;

preferably, the smoke inflow channel of the smoke gathering pipe communicated with the hearth is an annular gap arranged along the periphery of the side wall of the hearth;

preferably, the flue gas inflow channel of the smoke collecting pipe communicated with the hearth is a vertical groove arranged along the periphery of the side wall of the hearth.

The working principle of the structure is as follows:

the raw state or pretreated household garbage enters the hearth through the feeding mechanism and is accumulated on the grate to form a garbage layer, and after the feeding is finished, the feeding mechanism with better air tightness is closed, and airflow cannot pass through the feeding mechanism; primary air enters the ash cavity from the primary air inlet, flows upwards after absorbing heat of ash slag, and enters the hearth through the grate to be in contact with the garbage layer; secondary air enters from a secondary air inlet, sequentially flows through the transverse pipe and the vertical pipe, and finally enters the hearth from a secondary air supply channel on the vertical pipe to be in contact with the garbage layer; under the common support of primary air and secondary air, the garbage is combusted on the fire grate to form a combustion area, and high-temperature incineration flue gas is generated; the incineration flue gas directly leaves the hearth from the combustion area through a flue gas inflow channel on the smoke collecting pipe and enters the smoke collecting pipe; a part of heat generated by burning the garbage is transferred to the garbage on the upper adjacent layer of the burning area, and the garbage is preheated and dried to form a garbage drying area, and the burning smoke cannot flow upwards through the garbage layer because the feeding mechanism is closed, so that the heat in the burning smoke cannot be transferred to the garbage layer on the upper part of the burning area in a large amount in a convection mode, therefore, the garbage on the upper layer, namely the garbage entering later, cannot absorb the heat generated by the burning area and cannot be heated greatly, namely a cold garbage layer;

because the burning of the garbage in the burning area is relatively stable, the temperature and the components of the burning smoke are relatively stable; practice shows that the temperature of the garbage in a combustion area, namely a fire head part, generally exceeds 1050 ℃, so that the incineration flue gas can easily meet the design requirement of more than 850 ℃;

after the incineration flue gas enters the smoke collecting pipe, the incineration flue gas enters the three-way pipe from the flue gas outflow channel on the smoke collecting pipe, turns in the three-way pipe and flows upwards to enter the secondary combustion chamber; during the deflection of the incineration flue gas, the thick ash and slag carried by the incineration flue gas can be settled and accumulated in a slag discharging port and can be removed periodically;

after the secondary air from the air supply pipe enters the air distribution cavity, the secondary air enters the main flow channel of the secondary combustion chamber through the air distribution flow channel on the air distribution cover to be mixed with the high-temperature incineration flue gas, or after the secondary air from the air supply pipe enters the annular pipe, the secondary air enters the secondary combustion chamber through the jet pipe to be mixed with the high-temperature incineration flue gas. After the incineration flue gas is mixed with the secondary combustion air with higher oxygen content, the harmful substances in the incineration flue gas can be promoted to be oxidized and removed, the temperature of the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber can be further increased, and secondary combustion flue gas with lower harmful substance content is generated;

the fuel gas flows upwards in the second combustion chamber, enters the settling chamber from the second combustion chamber, and rotates downwards in the settling chamber under the action of the cyclone when entering the settling chamber, and fly ash with high density in the flue gas moves towards the side wall of the settling chamber; when the secondary flue gas leaves the settling chamber, the airflow turns from downward flow to horizontal flow to enter the smoke outlet, and is discharged out of the furnace body from the smoke outlet and enters a downstream flue gas treatment system; the rotation movement of the fuel gas and the deflection movement when the fuel gas is deflected to enter the smoke outlet are beneficial to promoting the separation of the fly ash carried in the smoke, and the separated fly ash particles downwards enter the fly ash collecting cavity and are periodically discharged through the ash discharge outlet.

Rubbish is at the in-process of burning, and outside power pack intermittent type nature makes power input shaft rotatory, and power input shaft passes through drive assembly and drives the transmission shaft rotatory, and then drives stirring device rotatory, locates stirring roller on the stirring device and can stir the rubbish layer of combustion area, and its reason lies in: due to the local nonuniformity of the garbage layer, ignition parts are nonuniform, some parts are easy to ignite and some parts are difficult to ignite, the combustion speed of some parts is high and the combustion speed of some parts is low, the collapse resistance of the household garbage is very good, the parts which are easy to ignite and have the combustion speed are likely to form cavities if the garbage cannot be supplemented in time, once the cavities are formed in a combustion area, the flow field structure of mixed combustion air can be changed, the combustion effect is deteriorated, and at the moment, external intervention is needed to eliminate the situation. Therefore, under the action of the stirring device, the fire head of the combustion area can be effectively dispersed, and the loosening property and uniformity of the garbage in the combustion area can be improved, so that the garbage incineration effect is improved, and the adaptability of the incinerator to the garbage in a block state, a dense state and a wrapping state is facilitated.

The heat generated by garbage combustion can be transferred to the components such as the transverse pipe, the vertical pipe, the power input shaft, the driving shaft and the transmission assembly, so that the temperature of the components is very high, and when secondary air with lower temperature flows in the transverse pipe and the vertical pipe in sequence, the components can be cooled, so that the components, particularly the components such as the power input shaft, the driving shaft and the transmission assembly, can not be ablated.

Residual ash after the garbage is combusted falls into the ash cavity from a gap of the grate assembly and is periodically discharged;

along with the gradual burning-out of the garbage in the combustion area, the garbage in the upper drying area gradually moves downwards under the combined action of gravity and the disturbance of the stirring device, enters the combustion area and is ignited, and a new drying area is dynamically formed, so that the continuous operation of the incinerator is realized.

After the incinerator runs for a period of time, some inert substances which are large in volume and can not be combusted, such as bricks, stones, iron wires and the like, in the household garbage can not pass through the gap of the grate assembly and enter the ash cavity and are retained in the hearth to influence the incineration effect, the movable grate can be rotated to increase the area of a drainage channel under the grate, and the inert substances are discharged out of the hearth.

The main beneficial effects of the structure and the working principle are as follows:

1) the high-temperature incineration flue gas generated in the incineration area does not flow through the un-ignited garbage layer, so that the combustion area is smaller, the garbage combustion process is more controllable, the pressure loss of the flue gas seepage flow passing through the thick garbage layer can be reduced, the power consumption of a main induced draft fan is reduced, the retention time of the garbage in a heating gasification stage can be greatly reduced, and a large amount of harmful pollutants generated by gasification reaction of the gasifiable components in the garbage can be greatly reduced;

2) the incineration flue gas generated in the combustion area is directly extracted, the extracted flue gas not only has the lowest content of harmful pollutants, but also has the temperature easily reaching the national mandatory standard of 850 ℃, and the temperature and the components of the flue gas are relatively stable, so that the problems that the temperature and the components of the flue gas discharged from a general small-sized incinerator are greatly fluctuated and impact on a downstream flue gas treatment system is extremely large due to the fact that cold-state garbage is input into a hearth can be well overcome, and the service life of the flue gas treatment system is greatly prolonged;

3) because the stirring measure and the movable grate structure are adopted in the garbage incineration process, the incinerator has excellent adaptability to the household garbage which is not classified to be thrown or sorted and is not pretreated by breaking, crushing, screening and the like;

4) because the temperature of the incineration flue gas is very high and stable, after the flue gas contacts secondary combustion air (fresh air) in the secondary combustion chamber, harmful substances can be directly subjected to oxidation reaction at the self temperature of the flue gas and removed, and the secondary combustion chamber does not need to consume extra fuel, so that a large amount of fuel cost can be saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a structure for a small-sized garbage incinerator according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the part I in FIG. 1, showing one of the structures of the air intake part of the second combustion chamber;

FIG. 6 shows another structure of the intake portion of the second combustion chamber;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of the structure of the intake area of the second combustion chamber shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at II;

FIG. 9 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 2 showing one embodiment of the structure of the portion III, wherein the flue gas inflow passage of the flue gas collecting pipe is an annular slit structure;

FIG. 10 is another embodiment of the flue gas inflow passage of the smoke collecting pipe, which is constructed in a vertical groove structure;

fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 3.

The correspondence between the reference numbers and the names of the components in fig. 1 to 11 is as follows:

1-feeding mechanism 2-furnace body 3-furnace body

4-secondary combustion chamber 5-cold garbage layer 6-smoke outflow channel

7-smoke collecting pipe 8-three-way pipe 9-slag discharging port

10-ash cavity 11-ash 12-primary air

13-grate component 14-secondary air 15-incineration flue gas

16-combustion zone 17-drying zone 18-transverse tube

19-primary air inlet 20-secondary air inlet 21-power input shaft

22-transmission assembly 23-vertical pipe 24-stirring device

25-swirler 26-secondary fuel gas 27-settling chamber

28-fixed grate 29-movable grate 30-smoke outlet

31-gas distribution cover 32-gas distribution flow passage 33-gas distribution cavity

34-air supply pipe 35-secondary air 36-annular pipe

37-jet pipe 38-sliding ring 39-wear-resistant ring

40-support ring 41-secondary air supply flow passage 42-driving shaft

43-rotating sleeve 44-stirring roller 45-annular gap

46-vertical groove 47-fly ash collecting cavity 48-ash discharging port

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the core of the invention is to provide a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator, the structure directly extracts high-temperature incineration flue gas in a garbage combustion area without allowing the flue gas to flow through the whole garbage layer of a hearth, compared with the traditional small-sized domestic garbage incinerator, the structure can enable the garbage combustion process to be more controllable, the flow resistance loss of the flue gas in the incinerator is smaller, auxiliary fuel does not need to be supplemented in a secondary combustion chamber, the temperature of the discharged flue gas is more stable, the content of harmful pollutants is lower, and therefore, the power consumption of a main induced draft fan and the load of a flue gas treatment system can be saved, and further, the comprehensive disposal cost of the domestic garbage is saved.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a main sectional view of a small-sized domestic garbage gasification incinerator structure of the present invention, showing the general structure of the present invention, and combining fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 11, wherein fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 1, mainly showing a supply flow of secondary air 14 and a driving manner of an agitating device 24; fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 1, which mainly shows the structural layout of the secondary combustion chamber 4 and the settling chamber 27 and the flow process of the fuel gas 26 therein; fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 1, showing the layout relationship among the hearth 3, the secondary combustion chamber 4, and the settling chamber 27, and the structure of the grate assembly 13; fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 3, further illustrating the structure of the settling chamber 27 and its layout relationship with the fly ash collection chamber 47 and the flow of the fuel gas 26.

The first embodiment is a small-sized domestic garbage incinerator, referring to attached figures 1-11, the structure of which comprises a furnace body 2 with an inner cavity, wherein a feeding mechanism 1 is arranged on one side of the furnace body 2, and the interior of the feeding mechanism 1 is communicated with the inner cavity of the furnace body 2; a fire grate component 13 is arranged in the furnace body 2, the fire grate component 13 divides the inner cavity of the furnace body 2 into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is a hearth 3, and the lower part is an ash cavity 10; the household garbage can enter the hearth 3 through the feeding mechanism 1, when the incinerator works, the feeding mechanism 1 is closed, and airflow cannot enter or exit the hearth 3 through the feeding mechanism 1;

a smoke gathering pipe 7 is arranged in the side wall of the furnace body 2 around the hearth 3, a secondary combustion chamber 4, a settling chamber 27, a three-way pipe 8 and a fly ash collecting cavity 47 are further arranged in the side wall of the furnace body 2, a smoke inflow channel communicated with the hearth 3 and a smoke outflow channel 6 communicated with the three-way pipe 8 are arranged on the smoke gathering pipe 7, the other outlet of the three-way pipe 8 is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber 4, the other outlet of the three-way pipe 8 is communicated with a slag discharge port 9, the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 4 is connected with the inlet of the settling chamber 27, the outlet of the settling chamber 27 is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a smoke discharge port 30, and the other path is communicated with the fly ash collecting cavity 47 with a fly; the airflow can enter the interior of the smoke gathering pipe 7 from the hearth 3 through the smoke inflow channel, then enter the three-way pipe 8 from the smoke outflow channel 6, enter the secondary combustion chamber 4 from one outlet of the three-way pipe 8, then enter the settling chamber 27 from the secondary combustion chamber 4, and finally flow out of the furnace body 2 from the smoke outlet 30;

the slag discharge port 9, the ash discharge port 48 and the smoke exhaust port 30 are all arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 2 and extend out of the side wall of the furnace body 2; the slag discharge port 9 and the ash discharge port 48 are normally closed, that is, when the incinerator is in a working state, the slag discharge port 9 and the ash discharge port 48 are in a sealing state, the slag discharge port 9 is opened only when slag is required to be discharged, and the ash discharge port 48 is opened only when ash needs to be removed from the fly ash collecting cavity 47;

certainly, under some special conditions, for example, when the incinerator is used for treating garbage with extremely low heat value, such as salvaged garbage on water surface and landscaping garbage, the flue gas temperature does not reach the designed value, an auxiliary burner can be installed at the slag discharge port 9 to increase the flue gas temperature entering the secondary combustion chamber 4;

the side wall of the furnace body 2 is also provided with a primary air inlet 19 extending out of the side wall of the furnace body 2, as shown in fig. 2, the primary air inlet 19 is communicated with the ash cavity 10; the airflow (primary air 12) can enter the ash cavity 10 from a primary air inlet 19 and then enter the hearth 3 from bottom to top through the gaps of the grate assembly 13;

a transverse pipe 18 with two ends supported on the side wall of the furnace body 2 and extending out of the side wall of the furnace body 2 is arranged in the ash cavity 10, as shown in fig. 2, a vertical pipe 23 is arranged on the transverse pipe 18, the vertical pipe 23 penetrates through the fire grate assembly 13 from bottom to top and extends into the furnace 3, and a secondary air supply flow channel 41 leading to the furnace 3 is arranged on the vertical pipe;

a power input shaft 21 is arranged in the transverse pipe 18; a driving shaft 42 is arranged in the vertical pipe 23, and the top of the vertical pipe is provided with a stirring device 24; one end of the power input shaft 23 is connected with one end of the driving shaft 42 through the transmission assembly 22, as shown in fig. 2; the other end of the power input shaft 23 extends out of one end of the transverse pipe 18 and then is connected with a driver; the other end of the drive shaft 42 is connected to the agitation device 24, as shown in FIG. 8; the driver can be a power component which can output torque, such as a hydraulic motor, an electric motor, a pneumatic motor and the like. When the driver transmits torque to the power input shaft 18 to rotate it, the power input shaft 18 rotates the drive shaft 42 via the transmission assembly 22, which in turn rotates the stirring device 24;

the furnace body 2 is also provided with a secondary air inlet 20 extending out of the side wall of the furnace body 2 on the same side wall where the power input shaft 23 extends out, and the secondary air inlet 20 is communicated with the transverse pipe 18; the airflow (secondary air 14) can enter the transverse pipe 18 from the secondary air inlet 20, further flow into the vertical pipe 23, and enter the hearth 3 from the secondary air supply flow channel 41 on the vertical pipe 23 to contact with the garbage in the hearth 3; the cooler secondary air 14 cools the power input shaft 18, the transmission assembly 22, and the drive shaft 42;

the structure of the air inlet part of the secondary combustion chamber 4 is shown in fig. 5, an air supply pipe 34 is arranged on the secondary combustion chamber 4, an air distribution cover 31 is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 4, and the air distribution cover 31 and the wall surface of the secondary combustion chamber 4 enclose an annular air distribution cavity 33; the gas distribution cover 31 is provided with a gas distribution flow passage 32, and the gas distribution flow passage 32 communicates a gas distribution cavity 33 with a main flow passage in the secondary combustion chamber 4; one end of the air supply pipe 34 is communicated with the air distribution cavity 33, and the other end extends out of the side wall of the furnace body 2; the air flow (the secondary air 35) can enter the air distribution chamber 33 from the air supply pipe 34 and then enter the flue gas main flow passage of the secondary combustion chamber 4 through the air distribution flow passage 32.

The inlet of the settling chamber 27 is provided with a cyclone 25, referring to fig. 3 and 11, under the action of the cyclone 25, the airflow will make a rotational motion around the centerline of the settling chamber 27 after entering the settling chamber 27, so as to promote the migration of the particles with higher density in the flue gas to the sidewall of the settling chamber 27; once the particles in the air stream touch the side walls of the settling chamber 27, their kinetic energy is greatly lost, the velocity drops, and then they fall down the side walls of the settling chamber 27; in addition to the downward flow turning to horizontal flow as the gas stream leaves the settling chamber 27, the change in direction of the gas stream also facilitates the separation of the more inertial (dense) particles from the gas stream. The fly ash particles which flow through the settling chamber 27 and leave downwards enter the fly ash collecting cavity 47 and are periodically discharged out of the furnace from the ash discharge port 48;

the structure of the grate assembly 13, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, is composed of two movable grates 29 on two sides and a fixed grate 28 in the middle, and the vertical pipe 23 passes through the fixed grate 23 from bottom to top and enters the interior of the furnace chamber 3; when inert substances with larger volume or ash cakes are remained in the hearth 3, the movable grates 29 are respectively rotated by an angle, and the remained substances in the hearth 3 can fall into the ash cavity 10.

The stirring device 24 is, as shown in fig. 8, configured to include a rotating sleeve 43, the rotating sleeve 43 is provided with a sliding ring 38 and a stirring roller 44, the inner wall of the vertical pipe 23 is provided with a supporting ring 40, and a wear-resistant ring 39 is provided between the sliding ring 38 and the supporting ring 40, that is, the lower end surface of the sliding ring 38 and the upper end surface of the supporting ring 40 are respectively matched with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the wear-resistant ring 39; the function of the wear-resistant ring 39 is to increase the smoothness of the rotary movement of the stirring means 24 with respect to the vertical tube 23;

the flue gas inflow channel structure of the smoke gathering pipe 7 communicated with the hearth 3 is, as shown in fig. 9, an annular gap 45 arranged along the peripheral side wall of the hearth 3, and the airflow moves upwards when entering the smoke gathering pipe 7 from the hearth 3, which is beneficial to preventing the airflow from bringing garbage into the smoke gathering pipe 7;

when the incinerator works, domestic garbage enters a hearth through the feeding mechanism 1 to form a garbage layer on the grate 13, as shown in fig. 1, after the garbage is ignited, a combustion area 16 is formed in the hearth 3 under the support of primary air 12 and secondary air 13, and incineration flue gas 15 with high temperature and relatively stable physicochemical parameters is generated; a part of heat in the combustion area 16 is transferred to the garbage layer which is immediately above the combustion area to form a drying area 17 of the garbage layer, and in the drying area 17, the garbage is preheated, moisture in the garbage is evaporated, and the garbage is dried and even has slight gasification reaction; the refuse layer further above the combustion zone 16 is a cold refuse layer 5, in which the refuse hardly undergoes physicochemical reactions, since it does not absorb heat; as the waste is combusted in the combustion zone 16, the volume is reduced, the waste in the drying zone 17 gradually enters the combustion zone 16 and starts to combust, and simultaneously the waste in the cold waste layer 5 is gradually supplemented into the drying zone 17 and dried; during the combustion process of the garbage, the stirring device 24 can be rotated, the stirring roller 44 is utilized to interfere the garbage layer, and the situations that the fire head is not uniform and the garbage layer is not smooth in descending in the combustion area 16 are eliminated; ash 11 generated by the combustion of the garbage in the combustion area 16 falls into the ash cavity 10 through the gaps of the grate assembly 13 and is finally discharged out of the furnace body 2, so that the circulation of the garbage in the furnace is realized;

the incineration flue gas 15 enters the smoke gathering pipe 7 from a flue gas inflow channel arranged on the smoke gathering pipe 7, namely an annular seam 45 or a vertical groove 46, then enters the three-way pipe 8 through the flue gas outflow channel 6, and enters the secondary combustion chamber 4 from one outlet of the three-way pipe 8, and a part of coarse slag carried in the flue gas is separated in the three-way pipe 8 and enters the slag discharge port 9; after entering the secondary combustion zone 4, the incineration flue gas 15 is mixed with secondary combustion air 35, and under the support of the self heat of the incineration flue gas 15, harmful pollutants in the incineration flue gas are removed by oxidation reaction after contacting oxygen, so that secondary combustion flue gas 26 is generated; after the fuel gas 26 enters the settling chamber 27 from the second combustion chamber 4, a part of fly ash in the flue gas is separated and enters the fly ash collecting chamber 47, and then flows out of the incinerator from the smoke outlet 30, so that the circulation of air in the incinerator is realized.

The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the structure of the air inlet of the second combustion chamber 4 as shown in fig. 6 and 7 is as follows: the interior of the secondary combustion chamber 4 is a single cavity, the periphery of the upstream (lower) of the single cavity is provided with an annular pipe 36, a jet pipe 37 is arranged on the annular pipe 35, one end of the jet pipe 37 is communicated with the annular pipe 35, and the other end of the jet pipe extends into the interior of the secondary combustion chamber 4; the annular pipe 37 is also provided with an air supply pipe 34 communicated with the annular pipe, and the inlet end of the air supply pipe 34 extends out of the side wall of the furnace body 2; the central line of the jet pipe 37 and the central line of the second combustion chamber 4 form a relation of a straight line with different surfaces; the air flow (the secondary air 35) can enter the annular pipe 37 from the air supply pipe 34, and then enter the interior of the secondary combustion chamber 4 from the jet pipe 37, and under the action of the jet pipe 37, the secondary air 35 will make a rotary motion around the central line of the secondary combustion chamber 4 when entering the interior of the secondary combustion chamber 4, so as to accelerate the mixing of a plurality of air flows in the secondary combustion chamber 4.

Third embodiment, the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that, as shown in fig. 10, the flue gas inflow passage structure of the smoke collecting pipe 7 communicating with the hearth 3 is a vertical groove 46 arranged along the peripheral sidewall of the hearth 3.

The principle of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the description of the embodiment is only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the method and the core concept of the present invention.

It should be noted that, first, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, "upper", "inner", "side", etc. used for clearly describing the technical features of the present invention are all in terms of the normal orientation of the small-sized garbage incinerator related to the present invention with respect to the ground when it is normally installed, for example, the orientation higher from the ground is "upper", the side close to the center line of the incinerator in the vertical direction is "inner", the direction perpendicular to the up-down direction is "side", etc.; secondly, the present invention is mainly used for burning and incinerating small-sized domestic garbage, but it does not mean that the structure proposed by the present invention is not applicable to incinerators for other types of garbage, and it is fully applicable to the disposal of other types of garbage such as packaged garbage, medical garbage, garbage of food factories, and the like.

Claims

1. A small-sized domestic garbage incinerator comprises a furnace body (2) with an inner cavity, wherein a feeding mechanism (1) is arranged on the furnace body (2), a grate component (13) is arranged in the furnace body, the inner cavity of the furnace body (2) is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the grate component (13), the upper part is a hearth (3), and the lower part is an ash cavity (10); the side wall of the furnace body (2) is provided with a smoke gathering pipe (7) communicated with the hearth (3), a three-way pipe (8) communicated with the smoke gathering pipe (7), a second combustion chamber (4) communicated with the three-way pipe (8), a settling chamber (27) communicated with the second combustion chamber (4), and a fly ash collecting cavity (47) communicated with the settling chamber (27), the ash cavity (10) is internally provided with a transverse pipe (18), the transverse pipe (18) is provided with a vertical pipe (23), the vertical pipe (23) penetrates through the grate assembly (13) from bottom to top and extends into the hearth (3), and a secondary air supply flow passage (41) communicated with the hearth (3) is arranged on the vertical pipe.

2. The small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said transverse pipe (18) is further provided with a secondary air inlet (20), a power input shaft (21) with one end extending out of the end of the transverse pipe (18) is arranged in the transverse pipe, a driving shaft (42) is arranged in the vertical pipe (23), and the top of the vertical pipe is provided with a stirring device (24); the power input shaft (23) is connected with a driving shaft (42) through a transmission assembly (22), and the driving shaft (42) is connected with the stirring device (24); the stirring device (24) comprises a rotary sleeve (43), and a stirring roller (44) is arranged on the rotary sleeve (43).

3. The small-sized garbage incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the outer wall of said rotating sleeve (43) is provided with a sliding ring (38), the inner wall of said vertical pipe (23) is provided with a supporting ring rotating sleeve (40), a wear-resistant ring (39) is arranged between said sliding ring (38) and said supporting ring (40), and the lower end face of said sliding ring (38) and the upper end face of said supporting ring (40) are respectively matched with the upper end face and the lower end face of said wear-resistant ring (39).

4. The small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said secondary combustion chamber (4) is provided with an air supply pipe (34), an air distribution cover (31) is arranged inside, an air distribution chamber (33) is enclosed by said air distribution cover (31) and the wall surface of said secondary combustion chamber (4), and said air distribution cover (31) is provided with an air distribution flow channel (32) leading to the main flow region inside said secondary combustion chamber (4).

5. The small-sized domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said second combustion chamber (4) is provided with an annular pipe (36) at the periphery of the air inlet portion, said annular pipe (36) is provided with a jet pipe (37), one end of said jet pipe (37) is communicated with said annular pipe (36), and the other end of said jet pipe extends into the second combustion chamber (4).

6. A small-sized garbage incinerator according to claim 5 characterized in that the central line of said jet pipe (37) and the central line of said secondary combustion chamber (4) form a straight line with different planes.

7. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said settling chamber (27) is provided with a cyclone (25) at its inlet.

8. A small-sized garbage incinerator according to claim 1 wherein said grate assembly (13) is formed by two movable grates (29) at both sides and one fixed grate (28) in the middle.

9. The small-sized domestic garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said flow path structure of said smoke gathering tube (7) communicating with said hearth (3) is an annular slit (45) provided along the peripheral side wall of said hearth (3).

10. The small-sized domestic waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said flue gas collecting pipe (7) is a vertical channel (46) formed along the peripheral side wall of the hearth (3) and communicating with the hearth (3).