CN111139043B - 一种页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及页岩地层钻井用化学品领域的一种页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂及其制备方法;所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,包含以油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂、交联改性剂在内的组分为原料,溶于有机溶剂中,在催化剂的作用下通过控温反应、溶剂回收、干燥粉碎得到所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂;所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂具有吸附成膜、润湿反转、黏结固壁功能等功能,同时利用自身尺寸封堵、黏结弥合裂缝,阻隔水化作用通道,降低钻井液的滤失量,提高钻井液的封堵能力,可有效解决现有封堵防塌材料荧光和起泡等问题,有效地提高页岩地层井壁稳定性,而且制备方法工艺简单,生产成本低,产品质量稳定,值得推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及页岩地层钻井用化学品领域,更进一步说,涉及一种页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
北美页岩气资源商业开采取得巨大成功,非常规天然气在北美能源供应中所占的比重越来越高,基本改变了加拿大和美国的能源供需结构,也激发了我国页岩气资源开发的热潮。我国页岩气资源丰富,分布广泛,具有广阔的开发前景。但页岩地层层理、微裂缝发育,钻井液侵入后易引起泥页岩岩体的分散和剥落,导致掉块、垮塌。页岩气钻探地层微裂缝发育尺寸为纳微米,地层温度约为70~150℃。以涪陵地区为例,其储层段(龙马溪、五峰组地层)井下温度75℃左右,井下微裂隙发育(尺寸为0.1~30μm),钻井过程常伴有渗漏问题。现阶段常用封堵防塌材料主要包括沥青类、聚合醇类等。
沥青类处理剂主要利用处理剂中沥青颗粒在软化点附近温度软化变形,在压差作用下,被挤入地层层理的裂隙和孔喉中,封堵井壁的裂缝和孔隙,实现防塌作用。但沥青类处理剂防塌效果受其原料沥青的软化点影响较大,有效作用温度为其软化点附近温度,只有当地层温度与软化点温度相近时,才能发挥较佳效果,难以在广谱温度范围内有效封堵地层微裂缝。此外,沥青类处理剂由于其主要成分沥青质存在荧光,具有荧光效应,用于钻井液后影响地质录井,在一定程度上影响荧光录井及气测录井,不适合在探井中使用。
聚合醇又称聚醚多元醇,是一种非离子型低分子聚合物,利用浊点效应,吸附在井壁或挤入泥页岩的微裂缝和孔喉之中,封堵微裂缝和孔喉并在井壁表面形成一层憎水膜,阻止钻井液中的自由水进入泥页岩。但聚合醇类封堵材料抗温能力较差,浊点不稳定,从而影响泵压的稳定性,还存在滞留时间短、材料尺寸固定不可调控、起泡问题突出等缺陷。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明提出一种页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂及其制备方法。所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂具有吸附成膜、润湿反转、黏结固壁功能等功能,可迅速吸附于页岩地层表面,将页岩表面的亲水性改变为憎水性,同时利用自身尺寸封堵、黏结弥合裂缝,阻隔水化作用通道,降低钻井液的滤失量,提高钻井液的封堵能力,减少钻井液中的自由水侵入地层,从而提高页岩地层的井壁稳定性。
本发明目的之一是提供一种页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,包含以油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂、交联改性剂在内的组分为原料,溶于有机溶剂中,在催化剂的作用下通过控温反应、溶剂回收、干燥粉碎得到具有强吸附封堵能力的所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂。
所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂的质量比为(2~50):(1~10):(1~2),优选(2~25):(1~8):(1~2),更优选(5~15):(1~5):(1~2);
所述交联改性剂的加量为所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂总质量的1%~6%。
所述的油溶性树脂可选自C9石油树脂、C5石油树脂、酚醛树脂、古马隆树脂、萜烯树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯树脂、聚苯乙烯中的至少一种;优选C9石油树脂、C5石油树脂、古马隆树脂、聚丙烯树脂中的至少一种。
所述聚乙二醇的分子量可为500~5000;优选所述聚乙二醇的分子量为1000~4000。
所述有机硅改性剂可选自聚醚改性三硅氧烷、双乙烯基封端聚硅氧烷、聚醚改性二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、丁二烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
所述交联改性剂可选自硫磺、乙硫醇、苄硫醇、三氯化磷、红磷、五氧化二磷、硫脲的至少一种,其中优选硫磺、五氧化二磷、硫脲中的至少一种。
所述催化剂可选自氯化钯、醋酸钯、氯化铑、醋酸铑、氯化铱、氯化钌、羰基钌的至少一种,其中优选氯化钯、氯化铑、羰基钌的至少一种。
所述催化剂用量与反应原料总质量(即所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂三者总质量)的比为1:(500~5000);优选为1:(800~3600);
所述有机溶剂可选自二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、乙酸乙酯、二甲苯、二硫化碳、三氯乙烯、甲苯中的至少一种,其中优选1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。所述有机溶剂的加量为将各反应原料充分溶解即可,一般加量为所述反应物重量的3倍以上。
所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂还可包含填充辅料,所述填充辅料具体可选自云母(可为200目~5000目)、硅藻土、氧化铝、高岭土等中的至少一种。所述填充辅料的用量根据具体需要进行调整,具体用量可为反应产物所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂总重量的0~15%。
本发明目的之二是提供所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂的制备方法,可包括以下步骤:
包含以油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂、交联改性剂在内的组分为原料,溶于有机溶剂中,在催化剂的作用下通过控温反应、溶剂回收、干燥粉碎得到所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂。
具体地,可以包括以下步骤:将油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂、有机溶剂在内的组分依次加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,使各组分均匀分散于有机溶剂中,升温至反应温度,向反应釜中加入催化剂,控温反应1~10h时间后,加入交联改性剂,继续反应1~24h,降反应釜温度降至室温,利用真空减压蒸馏技术回收有机溶剂,进一步将剩余物干燥粉碎后即得到所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂。
其中,
所述控温反应的反应温度可为10~120℃,其中优选30~95℃。
本发明所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂具有吸附成膜、润湿反转、黏结固壁功能等功能,可迅速吸附于页岩地层表面,将页岩表面的亲水性改变为憎水性,同时利用自身尺寸封堵、黏结弥合裂缝,阻隔水化作用通道,降低钻井液的滤失量,提高钻井液的封堵能力,减少钻井液中的自由水侵入地层,可有效解决现有封堵防塌材料荧光和起泡等问题,有效地提高页岩地层井壁稳定性,同时该产品的配伍性较好,加入到钻井液后,对钻井液其它性能影响较小,且所述防塌剂属于人工合成的树脂类化合物,无荧光,不影响录井,适用于探井的开发中,而且制备方法工艺简单,生产成本低,产品质量稳定,易于操作、易于工业化,可广泛应用于水基钻井液,强化井壁的稳定性,满足页岩气勘探开发的要求。
附图说明
图1为实施例1~3的高温高压滤失量的测定结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,进一步说明本发明。但本发明不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1
向一500mL三口瓶中抽换气三次后,加入50g C9石油树脂、20g聚乙二醇(分子量500)、10g聚醚改性三硅氧烷,加入100mL 1,2-二氯乙烷,搅拌至各组分充分分散,控制温度为10℃,加入0.1g氯化钯催化剂,反应1h后,加入1g硫磺,继续反应1h,利用减压蒸馏技术回收有机溶剂,将剩余物干燥粉碎即得到75g黄色粉末,即为所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂。
实施例2
向一1000mL三口瓶中抽换气三次后,加入150g C5石油树脂、10g聚乙二醇(分子量1000)、20g乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷,加入300mL四氯化碳,搅拌至各组分充分分散,控制温度为30℃,加入0.05g氯化铑催化剂,反应3h后,加入10g硫脲,继续反应24h,利用减压蒸馏技术回收有机溶剂,将剩余物干燥粉碎即得到165g黄色粉末,即为所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂。
实施例3
向一1000mL三口瓶中抽换气三次后,加入100g C9石油树脂和20g古马隆树脂和、50g聚乙二醇(分子量2000)、10g聚醚改性二甲基硅氧烷和,加入200mL乙酸乙酯和100mL氯仿,搅拌至各组分充分分散,控制温度为30℃,加入0.05g氯化铑催化剂,反应3h后,加入10g硫脲,继续反应24h,利用减压蒸馏技术回收有机溶剂,将剩余物干燥粉碎即得到165g黄色粉末,即为所述页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂。
封堵性能评价
高温高压(测试温度为150℃)滤失量的测定
将实施例1~3中的处理剂分成若干份,分别加入到4%的钻井液基浆(钻井液基浆的具体配方为:400mL清水中加入16g土粉,再加入0.8g纯碱,高速搅拌均匀后静置24h)中,配制成重量浓度分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%、1.4%、1.6%、1.8%、2.0%的钻井液试样,再按照GB/T 16783-1997水基钻井液现场测试程序测定在150℃下的不同浓度条件下钻井液高温高压滤失量,测试结果见图1。从图1中可以看出,随着浓度的升高,钻井液的高温高压滤失量不断降低,表明由实施例1~3得到的封堵防塌剂具有良好的封堵效果。
Claims (14)
1.一种页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,包含以油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂、交联改性剂在内的组分为原料,溶于有机溶剂中,在催化剂的作用下通过反应而制得:
所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂的质量比为(2~50):(1~10):(1~2);
所述交联改性剂的加量为所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂总质量的1%~6%;
所述的油溶性树脂选自C9石油树脂、C5石油树脂、酚醛树脂、古马隆树脂、萜烯树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯树脂、聚苯乙烯中的至少一种;
所述交联改性剂选自硫磺、乙硫醇、苄硫醇、三氯化磷、红磷、五氧化二磷、硫脲的至少一种;
所述催化剂选自氯化钯、醋酸钯、氯化铑、醋酸铑、氯化铱、氯化钌、羰基钌的至少一种;
所述催化剂与所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂三者总质量的重量比为1:(500~5000)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂的质量比为(2~25):(1~8):(1~2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述的油溶性树脂选自C9石油树脂、C5石油树脂、古马隆树脂、聚丙烯树脂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述聚乙二醇的分子量为500~5000。
5.根据权利要求4所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述聚乙二醇的分子量为1000~4000。
6.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述有机硅改性剂选自聚醚改性三硅氧烷、双乙烯基封端聚硅氧烷、聚醚改性二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、丁二烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述交联改性剂选自硫磺、五氧化二磷、硫脲中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述催化剂与所述油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂三者总质量的重量比为1:(800~3600)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述催化剂选自氯化钯、氯化铑、羰基钌的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、乙酸乙酯、二甲苯、二硫化碳、三氯乙烯、甲苯中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求10所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂,其特征在于:
所述有机溶剂选自1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求1~11之任一项所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
包含以油溶性树脂、聚乙二醇、有机硅改性剂、交联改性剂在内的组分为原料,溶于有机溶剂中,在催化剂的作用下通过反应而制得。
13.根据权利要求12所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述反应的反应温度为10~120℃。
14.根据权利要求13所述的页岩地层用封堵防塌处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述反应的反应温度为30~95℃。
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