CN111128645A - X-waveband high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships - Google Patents
X-waveband high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave source device in the technical field of high-power microwaves, in particular to an X-waveband high-power microwave device for forced parking of vehicles and ships. The invention overcomes the defects of low power conversion efficiency, low output microwave power, high guide magnetic field and the like of the common X-waveband high-power microwave device, and realizes high-efficiency and high-power microwave output by adopting a combined design scheme of a coaxial structure and a sectional slow-wave structure through reasonable design of an electromagnetic structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave source device in the technical field of high-power microwaves, in particular to an X-waveband high-power microwave device for forced parking of vehicles and ships.
Background
High-power microwave (HPM) generally refers to electromagnetic waves with power greater than 100MW and frequency between 0.1GHz and 100 GHz. HPM is widely used in national defense and industrial fields such as directional energy weapons, energy supply of satellites and space platforms, launching of small deep space probes, propulsion system for changing height of orbital vehicles, electronic high-energy radio frequency accelerators, material processing and the like. HPM devices refer to relativistic electric vacuum devices used to generate high power microwaves, most of which are driven by a high current relativistic electron beam. In the last two decades, the HPM device technology has been rapidly developed by the application of high-energy radio frequency accelerators, plasma thermonuclear fusion, directional energy weapons, high-power radars, world power transmission, and the like.
In recent years, microwave directional energy vehicles and ship forced parking systems, which are specially used for power systems such as anti-vehicles and anti-ships, and police and troops are equipped with microwave directional energy vehicles and ship forced parking systems, which are widely developed in developed countries such as the united states and germany. Microwave pulses generated by HPM devices are utilized to directionally ' shoot ' motor vehicles and ships in motion through high-gain antennas, electronic control devices in the vehicles and the ships are weakened or ' destroyed ' through a non-fatal ' means, so that the vehicles and the ships are suddenly decelerated or stopped, the purposes of prohibiting the vehicles and the ships from entering a specific area or protecting important targets from being impacted by the vehicles and the ships are achieved, and the microwave-based vehicle-mounted device is used for protecting the important targets, such as military strategic targets, political targets, economic strategic targets, lives of people in public places and traffic facilities and the like, from being attacked by the vehicles and the ships in a suicide mode. In addition, the system can be used for various occasions such as pursuit and traffic control when criminals drive vehicles and ships to escape. The vehicle and vessel forced parking system studied above is mainly based on a broadband HPM system. In view of the fact that the radiation energy of the broadband HPM system is large in dispersion and limited in attack distance, and the narrow-band HPM system can remarkably improve the attack distance, the research on the vehicle and ship forced parking system based on the narrow-band HPM device has important application value.
The X-band HPM has the following advantages: (1) pf2The factor (the product of the microwave power P and the microwave frequency f is one of important indexes for evaluating the performance of the high-power microwave source, and is in direct proportion to the power density of microwave signals acting on a target after being radiated by an antenna) is higher than that of low-frequency microwave devices such as L, S and the like, and the damage effect is good; (2) the microwave wavelength is several centimeters, and the diffraction capability is strong, so that the microwave easily passes through a shielding object and directly interacts with a target; (3) the free space transmission loss of the microwave is small, and the transmission distance is long. Therefore, the research on the X-band HPM device has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the development of forced parking systems based on narrow-band HPM vehicles and ships.
The following organizations have developed research work on X-band microwave devices internationally.
In 1997, Edl Schamiogllu et al, university of New Mexico, USA, developed an X-band Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator (RBWO) [ E.Schamiogllu, C.T.Abdallah, G.T.park, and V.S.Souvarian.Implementation of a Frequency-oscillator, High Power Back Wave oscillator [ C.]IEEE 1997:742. (hereinafter referred to as prior art 1 for short). For convenience of description, the side closer to the cathode base in the axial direction is referred to as the left end, and the side farther from the cathode base is referred to as the right end. The structure comprises a cathode seat, a cathode, an anode outer cylinder, a stop neck, a drift section, a hollow slow wave structure, a reflection section, a microwave output port and a solenoid magnetic field, wherein the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. The left end of the cathode base is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, and the left end of the anode outer cylinder is externally connected with an outer conductor of the pulse power source. The cathode is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of only 0.1mm and an outer radius R1Equal to the radius of the electron beam and sleeved at the right end of the cathode base. The cut-off neck is in a disc shape and has an inner radius of R2，R2＞R1. A drift section is arranged between the cut-off neck and the hollow slow wave structure, and the inner radius of the drift section is R4Length of L2The cylindrical structure of (1). The hollow slow wave structure consists of nine slow wave blades, the inner surface of each slow wave blade is of a trapezoidal structure, the eight slow wave blades on the left side are completely the same, and the maximum outer radius R of the slow wave blades on the left side4Minimum inner radius R5Minimum inner radius R of right slow wave blade13Satisfy R4＞R13＞R5. The nine slow wave blades have the same length and are all L1Approximately one-half of the operating wavelength lambda. The reflecting section is arranged between the hollow slow wave structure and the microwave output port and has a radius of R4Length L of5The cylindrical structure of (1). The microwave output port is in a shape of a circular truncated cone, and the radius of the left end surface of the circular truncated cone is R4Right end face radius of R6. In the operation of the device, the relativistic electron beam generated by the cathode and the TM determined by the hollow slow wave structure01The electromagnetic wave of the mode carries out beam wave interaction, and the generated high-power microwave is output from a microwave output port. In the experiment, getThe center frequency is 9.5GHz (belonging to the X wave band), the power conversion efficiency is lower than 30%, and the power conversion efficiency and the output microwave power are both lower as a result of hundreds of MW of output microwave power.
In 2011, Sonde Pattern et al, institute of Nuclear technology in northwest, developed the X-band Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator [ WeiSong, Xiaoowei Zhang, Changhua Chen, et al]Of the Asia-Pacificmicrowave Conference2011: 283). (hereinafter referred to as prior art 2 for short). The structure comprises a cathode seat, a cathode, an anode outer cylinder, a stop neck, a preposed reflection cavity, a drift section, a hollow slow-wave structure, a microwave output port, a solenoid magnetic field and an extraction cavity, wherein the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. The left end of the cathode base is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, and the left end of the anode outer cylinder is externally connected with an outer conductor of the pulse power source. The cathode is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of only 0.1mm and an outer radius R1Equal to the radius of the electron beam and sleeved at the right end of the cathode base. The cut-off neck is in a disc shape and has an inner radius of R2，R2＞R1. The front reflecting cavity is disc-shaped, and the inner radius is equal to the inner radius R of the cut-off neck2Outer radius R7Satisfy R7＞R2Cavity width L3. The drift section being of radius R2Length L of2The cylindrical structure of (1). The hollow slow-wave structure consists of six same slow-wave blades, the inner surface of each slow-wave blade is of a trapezoidal structure, and the maximum outer radius R4Minimum inner radius R5Length of L1Approximately one-half of the operating wavelength lambda. The extraction cavity is arranged between the hollow slow wave structure and the microwave output port and has an outer radius of R8Length L of4A disc-shaped structure of (1). The circular space between the right end of the extraction cavity and the anode outer cylinder is a microwave output port. In the operation of the device, the relativistic electron beam generated by the cathode and the TM determined by the hollow slow wave structure01The electromagnetic wave of the mode carries out beam wave interaction, and the generated high-power microwave is output from a microwave output port. In the numerical simulation, the result of the power efficiency of about 33% with the center frequency of 9.6GHz (belonging to the X band) was obtained, and the power efficiency was low.
It is obvious from analyzing the current research situation that although research on the X-band HPM device is greatly advanced, the power conversion efficiency of the device is low, usually about 30%, which severely restricts the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency of the whole microwave system. In addition, low output microwave power and high guiding magnetic field are also important factors for limiting the conversion of the system to practical application.
Therefore, a new design concept is urgently needed to be adopted to research a high-efficiency and high-power X-band microwave device, and the technical scheme of the device is not published.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides an X-band high-power microwave device, which overcomes the defects of low power conversion efficiency, low output microwave power, high guiding magnetic field and the like of the common X-band microwave device, and realizes high-efficiency and high-power microwave output by reasonably designing an electromagnetic structure and adopting a combined design scheme of a coaxial structure and a sectional slow-wave structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an X-waveband high-power microwave device for forced parking of vehicles and ships comprises a cathode base 301, a cathode 302, an anode outer cylinder 303, a cut-off neck 304, a front reflection cavity 311, an outer slow-wave structure 305, an inner slow-wave structure 306, an outer isolation section 307, an inner isolation section 310, an outer reflection section 313, an inner reflection section 314, a microwave output port 308, a solenoid magnetic field 309, an outer waveguide 315, an inner waveguide 316 and a support rod 317, wherein the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis.
The left end of the cathode base 301 is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, and the left end of the anode outer cylinder 303 is externally connected with an outer conductor of the pulse power source. The cathode 302 is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of only 0.1mm and an outer radius R1Equal to the radius of the electron beam, and is sleeved at the right end of the cathode base 301. The stop neck 304 is disk-shaped and has an inner radius R2，R2＞R1Length L of3Typically taking the operating wavelength λ11-1.1 times of that of L in this example6Equal to the operating wavelength lambda11.08 times of the total weight of the powder.
Outer slow wave structure 305, outer isolation section 307 and outer reflection section313. The outer waveguide 315 constitutes an outer structure; the outer slow wave structure 305 is composed of 6 identical slow wave blades, and is divided into two sections: the slow wave structure comprises a first-section outer slow wave structure 305a and a second-section outer slow wave structure 305b, wherein the first-section outer slow wave structure 305a consists of 3 slow wave blades, the second-section outer slow wave structure 305b consists of 3 slow wave blades, the inner surface of each slow wave blade is a rectangular structure, and the outer radius of each slow wave blade is R4Inner radius of R5Satisfy R4＞R5＞R2(ii) a Slow wave blade length L1Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.3-0.5 times of (A), L in this example1For the operating wavelength lambda10.4 times of the total weight of the powder. 1 outer isolation segment 307 in the shape of a circular ring is arranged between the first-stage outer slow-wave structure 305a and the second-stage outer slow-wave structure 305b, and the radius R of the outer isolation segment 30710Is larger than the outer radius R of the outer slow wave structure 305 slow wave blade4(ii) a Outer isolation segment 307 width L6For the operating wavelength lambda10.9-1.1 times of (A), L in this example6Equal to the operating wavelength lambda1. Behind the second outer slow-wave structure 305b are 1 outer reflecting segments 313 in the shape of a cylinder plus a cone, the inner radius of the cylinder segment being equal to R5Length L of7Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.4-0.6 times of L in this example7For the operating wavelength lambda10.5 times of; the radius of the top of the conical section is equal to R5The radius of the bottom is R14Satisfy R14＞R5Length L of8Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.9-1.1 times of (A), L in this example8Equal to the operating wavelength lambda1. The right side of the outer reflection section 313 is connected with an outer waveguide 315 with a radius R14The length is selected according to the relationship between the microwave output port 308 and the antenna interface, and no specific requirement exists, and no technical secret exists.
The front reflection cavity 311, the inner slow wave structure 306, the inner isolation section 310, the inner reflection section 314 and the inner waveguide 316 form an internal structure; the front reflection cavity 311 is a cavity surrounded by a left disk and a right disk, and the outer radii of the left disk and the right disk are both R3The inner radius of the cavity is R8Satisfy R1＞R3＞R8Width L of5Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.4-0.6 times of L in this example5For the operating wavelength lambda10.5 times of the total weight of the powder. The front reflection cavity 311 is connected with an inner slow wave structure 306 at the right side, and the inner slow wave structure 306 is composed of 6 same slow wave blades and comprises two sections: slow wave structure 306a and second section interior slow wave structure 306b in first section, slow wave structure 306a comprises 3 slow wave blades in the first section, with outer slow wave structure 305a corresponding outside the first section of outer slow wave structure 305, slow wave structure 306b comprises 3 slow wave blades in the second section, with outer slow wave structure 305b corresponding outside the second section of outer slow wave structure 305, the internal surface of each slow wave blade is the rectangle structure, the external radius equals to R3Inner radius of R9Satisfy R1＞R3＞R9(ii) a Slow wave blade length L1Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.3-0.5 times of (A), L in this example1For the operating wavelength lambda10.4 times of the total weight of the powder. 1 inner isolation sections 310 in the shape of circular rings are arranged between the slow-wave structure 306a in the first section and the slow-wave structure 306b in the second section of the inner slow-wave structure 306, and the radius R of each inner isolation section 31011Is larger than the inner radius R of the slow wave blade of the inner slow wave structure 3069(ii) a Inner isolation section 310 width L6For the operating wavelength lambda10.9-1.1 times of (A), L in this example6Equal to the operating wavelength lambda1. Behind the second segment inner slow-wave structure 306b, 1 inner reflection segment 314 having a cylindrical and conical shape and an inner radius R12Length L of9Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.4-0.6 times of L in this example9For the operating wavelength lambda10.56 times of; the radius of the top of the conical section is equal to R12The radius of the bottom is R15Satisfy R15＞R12＞R3Length L of10Typically taking the operating wavelength λ11-1.3 times of that of L in the present example10Equal to the operating wavelength lambda11.25 times of. The right side of the internal reflection section 314 is connected with an internal waveguide 316 with the radius R15The length is selected according to the relationship between the microwave output port 308 and the antenna interface, and no specific requirement exists, and no technical secret exists.
External waveThe annular space enclosed between the waveguide 315 and the inner waveguide 316 is the microwave output port 308. The inner waveguide 316 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer waveguide 315 by support bars 317. The first supporting rod 317a is located at a distance L from the right end point of the internal reflection section 31411At position of (A) L11For the operating wavelength lambda11-1.4 times of that of L in this example11For the operating wavelength lambda11.1 times of the total weight of the powder. The distance between the second supporting rod (317b) and the first supporting rod (317a) is L12，L12For the operating wavelength lambda10.1-0.3 times of (A), L in this example11For the operating wavelength lambda10.25 times of. The use of two rows of support bars 317a, 317b both increases the support strength and eliminates the reflection of microwaves by the output port 308. The right end of the microwave output port 308 is connected with an antenna, and can be designed according to the design method of a universal antenna according to the requirements of different wavelengths.
The solenoid magnetic field 309 is sleeved on the outer wall of the anode outer cylinder 303 and is formed by winding an enameled copper wire or an enameled aluminum wire.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the cathode emits a strong current relativistic electron beam; the electron beam is guided by the solenoid magnetic field to transmit to the coaxial slow wave action area; in the first section of slow wave action area (consisting of a first section of outer slow wave structure and a first section of inner slow wave structure), the electron beam and the quasi-TEM mode generate primary beam-wave action to realize speed modulation and form different density distributions; in the isolation section, electrons with different speeds are further separated to form stable density distribution; in a second-section slow wave action area (consisting of a second-section outer slow wave structure and a second-section inner slow wave structure), electron beams and a quasi-TEM mode generate a sufficient beam-wave action, and the energy of the electron beams is converted to a microwave field to realize the amplification of the energy of the microwave field; the inner and outer reflecting sections reflect a certain amount of microwaves to the slow wave action area, enhance the action of electron beams and a microwave field, couple and output most of microwaves, and have certain mode conversion and purification effects; high-power microwave is radiated out after passing through an internal and external waveguide purification mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the X-waveband HPM device adopts a design scheme of combining a coaxial dual-corrugation structure and a sectional slow wave structure, a first section slow wave action area consists of a first section double-outer slow wave structure and a first section double-inner slow wave structure, and an electron beam and a quasi-TEM mode generate a primary beam-wave action to realize the speed modulation and the density modulation so as to realize the primary modulation of the electron beam; the second section of slow wave action area consists of a second section of double outer slow wave structure and a second section of double inner slow wave structure, electron beams with good density modulation after passing through the isolation section and the quasi-TEM mode generate a beam-wave action, the energy of the electron beams is converted to the microwave field, the energy amplification of the microwave field is realized, and the microwave field has the remarkable advantage of high power conversion efficiency. From the magnitude of the modulation current (the current obtained by angular integration of the current density at each position along the axial direction of the device at a certain moment) given in fig. 5, the modulation current reaches the maximum at the beginning of the second slow wave structure, so that the electron beam reaches a good density modulation state when entering the second slow wave structure.
2. The cross-X-waveband HPM device provided by the invention adopts the inner and outer isolation sections, and the electron beam does not carry out velocity modulation after entering the isolation section, but converts the velocity modulation into density modulation, thereby providing a precondition for the sufficient transduction of the electron beam and the microwave field in the second section slow wave action area. As can be seen from fig. 6, the lengths of the inner and outer isolation sections are such as to produce peaks having an optimum effect on the beam-wave action.
3. The cross-X-waveband HPM device provided by the invention adopts the internal and external reflection sections to reflect a certain amount of microwaves to the slow wave action region, so that the action of electron beams and a microwave field is enhanced, most of the microwaves are coupled and output, and a certain mode conversion and purification effect is achieved. As can be seen from fig. 7 to 10, the lengths of the cylindrical and conical sections of the inner and outer reflective sections are such as to produce peaks having an optimum effect on the beam-wave action.
The above and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the following description of various embodiments presented in the context of an X-band HPM device in accordance with the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an X-band relativistic backward wave oscillator disclosed in prior art 1 in the background introduction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an X-band relativistic backward wave oscillator disclosed in prior art 2 in the background introduction;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional A-A perspective view of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the distribution of modulation current in the axial direction for a preferred embodiment of the X-band HPM device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a length L of the inner and outer isolation segments of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided by the present invention6The effect result on the output microwave beam-wave action efficiency is shown schematically;
FIG. 7 is a length L of a cylindrical section in the outer reflection section of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided by the present invention7The effect result on the output microwave beam-wave action efficiency is shown schematically;
FIG. 8 is a length L of a cone section in the outer reflection section of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided by the present invention8The effect result on the output microwave beam-wave action efficiency is shown schematically;
FIG. 9 is a length L of a cylindrical section in the internal reflection section of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided by the present invention9The effect result on the output microwave beam-wave action efficiency is shown schematically;
FIG. 10 is a length L of a cone section in an internal reflection section of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided by the present invention10The effect result on the output microwave beam-wave action efficiency is shown schematically;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the trend of output microwaves over time in a numerical simulation of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided in the present invention;
fig. 12 is a graph of the spectrum of the output microwaves in a numerical simulation of a preferred embodiment of an X-band HPM device provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an X-band RBWO disclosed in prior art 1 mentioned in the background section. Although the paper discloses experimental results, only the schematic structural diagram shown in fig. 1 is given, and a specific technical scheme is not completely disclosed. The general connection of the structure can therefore only be briefly described in accordance with the disclosure of prior art 1. The structure comprises a cathode seat 101, a cathode 102, an anode outer cylinder 103, a stop neck 104, a drift section 112, a slow wave structure 105, a reflection section 113, a microwave output port 108 and a solenoid magnetic field 109, wherein the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. The method of mounting components, which is not described in detail below, is performed according to the prior art. One end of the cathode base 101 is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, the cathode 102 is a thin-wall cylinder with the thickness of only 0.1mm, and the outer radius R1Equal to the radius of the electron beam, is fitted over the other end of the cathode holder 101. One end of the anode outer cylinder 103 is externally connected with an external conductor of a pulse power source. The stop neck 104 is disk-shaped and has an inner radius R2，R2＞R1. A drift section 112 is arranged between the cut-off neck 104 and the slow-wave structure 105. The drift section 112 has an inner radius R4Length L of2The cylindrical structure of (1). The slow wave structure 105 is composed of nine slow wave blades, the inner surface of each slow wave blade is of a trapezoidal structure, the structures of the eight slow wave blades on the left side are completely the same, and the maximum outer radius R of the slow wave blades on the left side is the same4Minimum inner radius R5Minimum inner radius R of right slow wave blade13Satisfy R4＞R13＞R5. The nine slow wave blades have the same length and are all L1Approximately one-half of the operating wavelength lambda. The reflection section 113 is arranged between the slow-wave structure 105 and the microwave output port 108 and has an inner radius R4Length L of5The cylindrical structure of (1). The microwave output port 108 is a round table structure, and the radius of the left end surface of the round table is R4Right end face radius of R6. In the RBWO operation, the cathode 102 generates a relativistic electron beam and a TM determined by the slow wave structure 10501The electromagnetic wave of the mode carries out beam wave interaction, and the generated high-power microwave is transmittedAnd the microwave output port 108'. In the experiment, the results that the center frequency is 9.5GHz (belonging to an X wave band), the power conversion efficiency is lower than 30%, and the output microwave power is hundreds of MW are obtained, and both the power conversion efficiency and the output microwave power are lower.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the X-band RBWO structure disclosed in prior art 2 mentioned in the background section. The structure comprises a cathode seat 201, a cathode 202, an anode outer cylinder 203, a cut-off neck 204, a front reflection cavity 211, a drift section 212, a slow wave structure 205, a microwave output port 208, a solenoid magnetic field 209 and an extraction cavity 214, wherein the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. One end of the cathode base 201 is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, the cathode 202 is a thin-wall cylinder with the wall thickness of only 0.1mm, and the outer radius R of the cathode 2021Equal to the radius of the electron beam, and a cathode 202 is fitted over the other end of the cathode holder 201. One end of the anode outer cylinder 203 is externally connected with an external conductor of a pulse power source. The stop neck 204 is disk-shaped and has an inner radius R2，R2＞R1. The front reflector cavity 211 is disk-shaped with an inner radius equal to the inner radius R of the cutoff neck 2042Outer radius R7Satisfy R7＞R2. The drift section 212 is a segment with a radius R2Length L of2The cylindrical structure of (1). The slow-wave structure 205 is composed of six identical slow-wave blades, the inner surface of each slow-wave blade is in a trapezoidal structure, and the maximum outer radius R4Minimum inner radius R5Length of L1. Wherein the length is L1About one-half of the operating wavelength lambda. The extraction cavity 214 is disposed between the slow wave structure 205 and the microwave output port 208 and has an outer radius R8Length L of4A disc-shaped structure of (1). The circular space enclosed between one end of the extraction cavity 214 and the anode outer cylinder 203 is the microwave output port 208. In the RBWO operation, the relativistic electron beam generated by the cathode 202 and the slow wave structure 205 determine the TM01The electromagnetic waves of the modes undergo beam-wave interaction, and the generated high-power microwaves are output from the microwave output port 208. In numerical simulation, the microwave adjustment result with the tuning bandwidth of about 8%, the center frequency of 9.6GHz and the power efficiency of about 33% is obtained by changing the distance from the front reflection cavity 211 to the slow wave structure 205 and adjusting the width of the extraction cavity 214. In the numerical simulation, the result of the power efficiency of about 33% with the center frequency of 9.6GHz (belonging to the X band) was obtained, and the power efficiency was low.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an X-band high-power microwave device for forced parking of vehicles and ships according to the present invention, and fig. 4 is a perspective view.
This example realizes an X-band HPM device (center frequency of 8.4GHz, corresponding to microwave wavelength lambda)13.6cm) (corresponding dimensions are designed: r1＝38mm，R2＝40mm，R3＝25mm，R4＝46mm，R5＝51mm，R8＝19mm，R9＝21mm，R10＝48mm，R11＝17mm，R12＝27mm，R14＝59mm，R15＝45mm，L1＝14mm，L3＝39mm，L5＝18mm，L6＝36mm，L7＝18mm，L8＝36mm，L9＝20mm，L10＝45mm，L11＝40mm，L12＝9mm)。
In the particle simulation, the highest microwave power output is 3.1GW and the power conversion efficiency is 47% at the diode voltage of 600kV, the current of 11kA, the guiding magnetic field of 0.8T and the X wave band. The results show that the invention overcomes the defects of low beam wave action efficiency, low output microwave power and high guiding magnetic field of the common X-band HPM device, and has important reference significance for designing the device.
Referring to fig. 5, it can be seen that at the beginning of the second-stage slow-wave structure, the modulation current is maximized, so that the electron beam reaches a good density modulation state when entering the second-stage slow-wave structure.
Referring to FIG. 6, the length L of the inner and outer isolation sections 310, 307 can be seen6Having an effect on the efficiency of the output microbeam-wave action, with L6The increase can make the output microwave efficiency increase first and then decrease when L6The highest beam-wave action efficiency can be achieved when the diameter is 36 mm.
Referring to FIG. 7, the length L of the cylindrical section in the outer reflection section 313 can be seen7Having an effect on the efficiency of the output microbeam-wave action, with L7The increase can make the output microwave efficiency increase first and then decrease whenL7The highest beam-wave efficiency is achieved at 18 mm.
Referring to FIG. 8, the length L of the conical section in the outer reflector 313 can be seen8Having an effect on the efficiency of the output microbeam-wave action, with L8The increase can make the output microwave efficiency increase first and then decrease when L8The highest beam-wave action efficiency can be achieved when the diameter is 36 mm.
Referring to FIG. 9, the length L of the cylindrical section in the internal reflection section 314 can be known9Having an effect on the efficiency of the output microbeam-wave action, with L9The increase can make the output microwave efficiency increase first and then decrease when L9The highest beam-wave action efficiency can be achieved when the diameter is 20 mm.
Referring to FIG. 10, the length L of the conical section in the internal reflection section 314 can be known10Having an effect on the efficiency of the output microbeam-wave action, with L10The increase can make the output microwave efficiency increase first and then decrease when L10The highest beam-wave action efficiency can be achieved when the diameter is 45 mm.
Referring to fig. 11, it can be seen that high-power microwave oscillation is generated by excitation, the microwave is saturated after 24ns, and the saturated microwave power is 3.1 GW.
Referring to fig. 12, it can be seen that the spectrum of the output microwave is relatively pure, with a center frequency of 8.4 GHz.
Of course, in the preferred embodiment, other connection manners may be adopted between the components, and the device structure may also be processed by using other materials, which are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any technical solutions that fall under the spirit of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples discussed in the foregoing, but that several amendments and modifications thereof are possible without deviating from the scope of the present invention as defined in the attached claims. While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive. The invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.
Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude other steps or elements. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a cathode seat (301), a cathode (302), an anode outer cylinder (303), a stop neck (304), a preposed reflection cavity (311), an outer slow wave structure (305), an inner slow wave structure (306), an outer isolation section (307), an inner isolation section (310), an outer reflection section (313), an inner reflection section (314), a microwave output port (308), a solenoid magnetic field (309), an outer waveguide (315), an inner waveguide (316) and a support rod (317), wherein the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis;
the left end of the cathode base (301) is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source, and the left end of the anode outer cylinder (303) is externally connected with an outer conductor of the pulse power source; the cathode (302) is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of only 0.1mm and an outer radius R1Equal to the radius of the electron beam, and sleeved at the right end of the cathode base (301); the stop neck (304) is in the shape of a disk with an inner radius R2，R2＞R1Length L of3Typically taking the operating wavelength λ11-1.1 times of;
an outer slow wave structure (305), an outer isolation section (307), an outer reflection section (313) and an outer waveguide (315) form an outer structure; the outer slow wave structure (305) is composed of 6 same slow wave blades and is divided into two sections: the slow wave structure comprises a first-section outer slow wave structure (305a) and a second-section outer slow wave structure (305b), wherein the first-section outer slow wave structure (305a) is composed of 3 slow wave blades, the second-section outer slow wave structure (305b) is composed of 3 slow wave blades, the inner surface of each slow wave blade is of a rectangular structure, and the outer radius of each slow wave blade is R4Inner radius of R5Satisfy R4＞R5＞R2(ii) a Slow wave blade length L1Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.3-0.5 times of; a slow wave structure (305a) outside the first segment and a slow wave structure outside the second segment1 annular outer isolation section (307) is arranged between the wave structures (305b), and the radius R of the outer isolation section (307)10Is larger than the outer radius R of the slow wave blade of the outer slow wave structure (305)4(ii) a Width L of outer isolation segment (307)6For the operating wavelength lambda10.9-1.1 times of; 1 outer reflection section (313) in the shape of a cylinder and a cone is arranged behind the second outer slow wave structure (305b), and the inner radius of the cylinder section is equal to R5Length L of7Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.4-0.6 times of; the radius of the top of the conical section is equal to R5The radius of the bottom is R14Satisfy R14＞R5Length L of8Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.9-1.1 times of; the right side of the outer reflection section (313) is connected with an outer waveguide (315) with the radius of R14The length is selected based on the relationship between the microwave output port 308 and the antenna interface;
the front reflection cavity (311), the inner slow wave structure (306), the inner isolation section (310), the inner reflection section (314) and the inner waveguide (316) form an internal structure; the front reflection cavity (311) is a cavity surrounded by a left disc and a right disc, and the outer radiuses of the left disc and the right disc are both R3The inner radius of the cavity is R8Satisfy R1＞R3＞R8Width L of5Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.4-0.6 times of; leading reflection cavity (311) right side connects interior slow wave structure (306), and interior slow wave structure (306) comprises 6 the same slow wave blades, includes two sections: slow wave structure (306a) and second section interior slow wave structure (306b) in first section, slow wave structure (306a) comprises 3 slow wave blades in the first section, with outer slow wave structure (305) of first section of outer slow wave structure (305) corresponding to slow wave structure (305a), slow wave structure (306b) comprises 3 slow wave blades in the second section, with outer slow wave structure (305) of second section of outer slow wave structure (305) corresponding to slow wave structure (305b), the internal surface of every slow wave blade all is the rectangle structure, the outer radius equals R3Inner radius of R9Satisfy R1＞R3＞R9(ii) a Slow wave blade length L1Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.3-0.5 times of; 1 slow wave structures (306a) and (306b) in the first section of the inner slow wave structure (306) are arranged between the inner slow wave structure and the second section of the inner slow wave structureAn annular inner separation section (310), the radius R of the inner separation section (310)11Is larger than the inner radius R of the slow wave blade of the inner slow wave structure (306)9(ii) a Inner isolation segment (310) width L6For the operating wavelength lambda10.9-1.1 times of; 1 internal reflection section (314) in the shape of a cylinder and a cone is arranged behind the slow-wave structure (306b) in the second section, and the inner radius of the cylinder section is R12Length L of9Typically taking the operating wavelength λ10.4-0.6 times of; the radius of the top of the conical section is equal to R12The radius of the bottom is R15Satisfy R15＞R12＞R3Length L of10Typically taking the operating wavelength λ11-1.3 times of; the right side of the internal reflection section (314) is connected with an internal waveguide (316) with the radius of R15The length is selected according to the relation between the microwave output port (308) and the antenna interface;
a circular space enclosed between the outer waveguide (315) and the inner waveguide (316) is a microwave output port (308); the inner waveguide (316) is fixed on the inner wall of the outer waveguide (315) through a support rod (317); the first supporting rod (317a) is positioned at a distance L from the right end point of the internal reflection section (314)11At position of (A) L11For the operating wavelength lambda11-1.4 times of; the distance between the second supporting rod (317b) and the first supporting rod (317a) is L12，L12For the operating wavelength lambda10.1-0.3 times of; the right end of the microwave output port (308) is connected with an antenna;
the solenoid magnetic field (309) is sleeved on the outer wall of the anode outer cylinder (303) and is formed by winding an enameled copper wire or an enameled aluminum wire.
2. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: length L of cut-off neck (304)3Taking the value as the operating wavelength lambda11.08 times of the total weight of the powder.
3. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: slow wave blade length L1Taking the value as the operating wavelength lambda10.4 times of the total weight of the powder.
4. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: width L of outer isolation segment (307)6Equal to the operating wavelength lambda1。
5. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: length L of cylindrical segment of external reflection segment (313)7For the operating wavelength lambda10.5 times of the total weight of the powder.
6. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length L of the conical section of the external reflection section (313)8Equal to the operating wavelength lambda1。
7. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: width L of front reflection cavity (311)5For the operating wavelength lambda10.5 times of the total weight of the powder.
8. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: slow wave blade length L1For the operating wavelength lambda10.4 times of the total weight of the powder.
9. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: inner isolation segment (310) width L6Equal to the operating wavelength lambda1。
10. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: length L of cylindrical section of internal reflection section (314)9For the operating wavelength lambda10.56 times of.
11. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: length L of conical section of internal reflection section (314)10Equal to the working waveLong lambda11.25 times of.
12. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the first supporting rod (317a) and the right end point of the internal reflection section (314) is the working wavelength lambda11.1 times of the total weight of the powder.
13. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the second support rod and the first support rod is L12，L12For the operating wavelength lambda10.1-0.3 times of (A), L in this example11For the operating wavelength lambda10.25 times of.
14. An X-band high-power microwave device for forced stop of vehicles and ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: the center frequency of the device is 8.4GHz and corresponds to the wavelength lambda of the microwave1Corresponding dimensions are designed to be 3.6 cm: r1＝38mm，R2＝40mm，R3＝25mm，R4＝46mm，R5＝51mm，R8＝19mm，R9＝21mm，R10＝48mm，R11＝17mm，R12＝27mm，R14＝59mm，R15＝45mm，L1＝14mm，L3＝39mm，L5＝18mm，L6＝36mm，L7＝18mm，L8＝36mm，L9＝20mm，L10＝45mm，L11＝40mm，L12＝9mm。
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| CN112038208A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-04 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Ka-band coaxial transit time oscillator with trapezoidal structure |
| CN112382551A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-19 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Ka frequency band high-power microwave coaxial transit time oscillator adopting internal extraction |
| CN113540827A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-22 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Omnidirectional radiation high-power microwave system |
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