CN111128409B - Heat pipe reactor system based on thermoacoustoelectric - Google Patents
Heat pipe reactor system based on thermoacoustoelectric Download PDFInfo
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- CN111128409B CN111128409B CN201911406819.7A CN201911406819A CN111128409B CN 111128409 B CN111128409 B CN 111128409B CN 201911406819 A CN201911406819 A CN 201911406819A CN 111128409 B CN111128409 B CN 111128409B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/32—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core
- G21C1/326—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core wherein the heat exchanger is disposed next to or beside the core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/257—Promoting flow of the coolant using heat-pipes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to a thermo-acoustic-electric-based heat pipe reactor system. The heat pipe reactor system adopts a solid reactor core design, heat pipes conduct heat, and no system loop or high-power mechanical rotating equipment exists, so that the heat pipe reactor system has the technical characteristics of no material change in a long service life or even in a whole service life, high inherent safety, low noise, high power volume-weight ratio, simple and reliable system equipment, high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, low cold source requirement, capability of being configured in a modularized mode and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to a multipurpose heat pipe reactor system based on thermoacoustoelectric.
Background
Compared with a pressurized water reactor, the heat pipe reactor has certain public reports at home and abroad, but the whole system device adopts a thermoacoustic generator to generate electricity, and the public reports are not available. The publicly reported heat pipe stack system scheme generally adopts a Stirling generator or a thermocouple to generate electricity, and has high noise or low generating efficiency. The thermoacoustic engine is completely different from the traditional thermo-mechanical power system (a steam turbine, a gas turbine, an internal combustion engine and the like), completely has no mechanical motion parts such as a compressor, an expander and the like, realizes the compression and expansion of gas by utilizing the alternate rise and fall of the sound wave pressure, and simultaneously exchanges heat with the wall surfaces of high-temperature and low-temperature heat exchangers at different positions through the reciprocating motion of the gas, thereby completing the energy conversion process. At present, the domestic research shows that the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoacoustic generator reaches 23 percent, the specific power reaches 50W/kg, and the air noise is lower than 60 dB.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a modular thermoacoustic-electric-based heat pipe reactor system with long service life, high safety, multiple purposes and multiple applications aiming at equipment with small power requirements in the future.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a heat pipe reactor system based on thermoacoustic electricity comprises a heat pipe reactor power supply main system, a thermoacoustic generator cooling system, a ventilation air-conditioning system, a drain collecting system at the bottom of a sealed cabin, a helium maintaining system, an emergency safe water cooling system, a waste heat discharging system and a sealed cabin, wherein the heat pipe reactor power supply main system forms a modular device; the heat pipe reactor power supply main system is positioned in the middle of the sealing bin, the thermoacoustic generator cooling systems are positioned on two sides of the heat pipe reactor power supply main system and are symmetrically arranged, one side of the thermoacoustic generator cooling system is positioned in the sealing bin and is connected with the heat pipe reactor power supply main system, and the other side of the thermoacoustic generator cooling system is positioned on the outer wall of the sealing bin; one side of the ventilation air-conditioning system is positioned in the sealed bin, and the other side of the ventilation air-conditioning system is positioned on the outer wall of the sealed bin; the drain collecting system at the bottom of the sealed bin is positioned at the bottom of the tail part in the sealed bin, and the helium maintaining system is positioned on the bulkhead at the tail part of the sealed bin; the emergency safety water cooling system is positioned between the heat pipe reactor power supply main system and the sealed cabin, and the two waste heat discharge systems are positioned outside the sealed cabin.
The heat pipe reactor power supply main system comprises a heat pipe reactor, thermoacoustic generators, a reactor control system, a reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation system, wherein the two thermoacoustic generators are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the heat pipe reactor, the reactor control system is respectively arranged between the heat pipe reactor and the two thermoacoustic generators, and two ends of the two reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation systems are respectively connected with the heat pipe reactor and the two thermoacoustic generators.
The heat pipe reactor comprises a heat pipe, a fuel rod, an in-reactor component, a reflecting layer, a rotating drum, a reactor container, a driving mechanism, a reactor heat preservation and shielding structure, an in-reactor radiation shield and a reactor support, wherein the heat pipe and the fuel rod are arranged in the in-reactor component and form a reactor core of the heat pipe reactor, the reflecting layer is arranged on the periphery of the reactor core, the rotating drum is uniformly arranged between the reflecting layer and the reactor core at intervals along the circumferential direction, the radiation shield is arranged in the axial direction of the heat pipe reactor, the reflecting layer is positioned in the reactor container, the reactor container is positioned in the reactor heat preservation and shielding structure, the reactor support is positioned outside the reactor container, and the outer side of the annular reactor support is connected with a sealed bin; the driving mechanism penetrates through the reactor heat preservation and shielding structure and the reactor container and is connected with the rotary drum.
The arrangement ratio of the heat pipes to the round fuel rods is 3:1, or 2:1, or 1:2 or 1: 3.
The heat pipes and the round fuel rods are arranged in a triangular, square or hexagonal mode.
The rotary drum comprises six big drums and six small drums, and the big drums and the small drums are arranged at intervals.
The rotating drum is of a cylindrical structure, one half of the cylinder is an absorber, and the other half of the cylinder is a reflector.
The cooling system of the thermoacoustic generator comprises two paths of equipment cooling water pumps, valves, flow pressure and temperature instruments and corresponding pipelines, wherein each equipment cooling water pump, each valve, each flow pressure and temperature instrument and each thermoacoustic generator are connected in series through the pipelines; the equipment cooling water pump is communicated with cooling water equipment outside the sealed bin.
The ventilation air-conditioning system comprises two paths of heat exchangers, a fan, corresponding pipelines, valves and a flow pressure temperature instrument, wherein the heat exchangers, the fan, the valves and the flow pressure temperature instrument are connected in series through the pipelines, and the heat exchangers are arranged outside a sealed cabin.
The helium maintaining system comprises a gas storage tank, a gas storage tank pressure gauge, a pressure reducing valve, a seal bin pressure gauge and a pipeline, wherein the gas storage tank, the pressure reducing valve and the valve are connected in series through the pipeline, the gas storage tank pressure gauge is arranged on the pressure reducing valve, and the seal bin pressure gauge is arranged on the pipeline on the outlet side of the valve.
The emergency safety water cooling system comprises valves, pipelines and a ring cavity, wherein four groups of valves and pipelines are arranged in the ring cavity, each valve is positioned on the corresponding pipeline, one end of each pipeline is positioned in the ring cavity, and the other end of each pipeline is positioned outside the sealed cabin.
The waste heat discharge system comprises a passive condenser, a valve, a flow pressure temperature instrument and a pipeline, wherein the passive condenser is arranged outside the sealed cabin, the valve and the flow pressure temperature instrument are arranged in the sealed cabin, an outlet and an inlet of the passive condenser are respectively connected with the cold end of the thermoacoustic generator through a pipeline, each pipeline is provided with a valve, and the pipeline between the inlet of the passive condenser and the adjacent valve is provided with the flow pressure temperature instrument.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the multipurpose heat pipe reactor system device based on the thermo-acoustic-electric technology adopts the solid reactor core design, the heat pipe conducts heat, no system loop and high-power mechanical rotating equipment exist, and the multipurpose heat pipe reactor system device has the technical characteristics of no material change in a long life or even in a whole life, high inherent safety, low noise, high power volume-weight ratio, simple and reliable system equipment, high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, small requirement on a cold source, capability of modular configuration and the like; distributed networking or mobile power supplies can be adopted for power supply, heat supply or seawater desalination in inland, remote mountainous areas, islands and the like, and the power supply, the heat supply or the seawater desalination can be used as a fixed power supply for island power supply, seawater desalination, offshore energy exploitation, small city power supply and heat supply and the like; meanwhile, the power supply can also be a mobile power supply for underwater space stations, land emergency disaster relief and the like. For a reactor with low power, such as 10 kWe-10 MWe grade, the heat pipe reactor system device provided by the invention has obvious advantages compared with a pressurized water reactor or other advanced reactors, such as the volume and weight are only 50 percent of that of the pressurized water reactor, the number of systems and equipment is reduced by 80 percent compared with that of the pressurized water reactor, the initial cause of an accident is reduced by more than 70 percent compared with that of the pressurized water reactor, and the inherent safety is very high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermo-acoustic-electric based multi-purpose heat pipe reactor system arrangement provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reactor power supply main system layout provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a front view of a reactor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a side view of a reactor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a thermoacoustic generator cooling system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a ventilation and air conditioning system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a drainage collection system at the bottom of a seal bin provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a helium maintenance system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an emergency safety water cooling system according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a waste heat removal system provided by the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a heat pipe reactor power supply main system, 2-a thermoacoustic generator cooling system, 3-a ventilation air-conditioning system, 4-a sealed bin bottom drainage collecting system, 5-a helium gas maintaining system, 6-an emergency safe water cooling system, 7-a waste heat discharging system and 8-a sealed bin;
101-heat pipe reactor, 102-thermoacoustic generator, 103-reactor control system, 104-reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation system;
10101-heat pipe, 10102-fuel rod, 10103-in-pile component, 10104-reflecting layer, 10105-rotating drum, 10106-reactor container, 10107-driving mechanism, 10108-reactor heat-insulating and shielding structure, 10109-in-pile radiation shielding body, 10110-reactor support.
201-equipment cooling water pump, 202-pipeline, 203-valve, 204-instrument.
301-heat exchanger, 302-fan, 303-pipe, 304-valve 304, 305-instrument.
401-drainage pump, 402-valve, 403-pipeline, 404-liquid level measuring instrument.
501-air storage tank, 502-air storage tank pressure gauge, 503-pressure reducing valve, 504-valve, 505-sealed chamber pressure gauge, and-506 pipeline.
601-valve, 602-pipeline, 603-annular chamber.
701-passive condenser, 702-pipeline, 703-valve, 704-instrument.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the embodiments described below are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments that can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments described herein without inventive step are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat pipe reactor system is horizontally or vertically arranged, and the heat pipe reactor system device includes a heat pipe reactor power supply main system 1, two thermoacoustic generator cooling systems 2, a ventilation air conditioning system 3, a sealed bin bottom drain collection system 4, a helium gas maintenance system 5, an emergency safety water cooling system 6, two waste heat discharge systems 7, and a sealed bin 8, thereby forming a modular device. The sealed cabin 8 is the shell of the whole device, the heat pipe reactor power main system 1 is positioned in the center of the inside of the sealed cabin 8 and is fixed on the sealed cabin 8 through welding and mechanical connection; two thermoacoustic generator cooling systems 2 are respectively positioned at two sides of the heat pipe reactor power main system 1 and are symmetrically arranged, one part of the thermoacoustic generator cooling system 2 is connected with a cooling outlet of the thermoacoustic generator 102, and the other part of the thermoacoustic generator cooling system 2 is arranged on the outer wall of the sealed bin 8; the ventilation air-conditioning system 3 is fixedly arranged on the sealed bin 8 through mechanical connection and is arranged between the thermoacoustic generator cooling system 2 and the helium maintaining system 5, the heat exchange part of the ventilation air-conditioning system 3 is arranged in the sealed bin 8, and the condensation part of the ventilation air-conditioning system 3 is arranged on the outer wall of the sealed bin 8; the drain collecting system 4 at the bottom of the sealed cabin is fixed at the bottom of the tail part of the sealed cabin 8 through mechanical connection, and the helium maintaining system 5 is fixed on the cabin wall at the tail part of the sealed cabin 8 through mechanical connection; the emergency safe water-cooling system 6 is positioned between the heat pipe reactor 101 of the heat pipe reactor power main system 1 and the sealed cabin 8, one side of the emergency safe water-cooling system 6 is connected with the outside of the sealed cabin 8, and the other side of the emergency safe water-cooling system 6 is connected with an emergency cooling interface of a system device; the two waste heat discharge systems 7 are located outside the sealed cabin 8 and are mechanically and fixedly connected with the sealed cabin 8, the two waste heat discharge systems 7 are respectively located near the two thermoacoustic generators 102 of the heat pipe reactor power main system 1, one side of each waste heat discharge system 7 is connected with a waste heat leading-out structure in the sealed cabin 8 under an accident, and the other side of each waste heat discharge system 7 is connected with a cooling heat dissipation structure outside the sealed cabin 8.
The heat pipe reactor power main system 1 is the core of the whole device and is the basis for converting nuclear energy into electric energy. The thermoacoustic generator cooling system 2 is used for cooling the thermoacoustic generator 102 of the heat pipe reactor power main system 1, and the guiding out of the redundant heat of the device is realized through the cooperation of a passive condenser and energy. The ventilation air-conditioning system 3 is used for controlling the temperature in the sealed cabin of the whole device module, limiting the temperature in a certain range and ensuring that each device is in a proper working temperature environment. And the drainage collecting system 4 at the bottom of the sealed bin is used for collecting the condensed water generated in the sealed bin and discharging the condensed water out of the bin. The helium maintaining system 5 is used for ensuring that helium with certain pressure is maintained in the sealed cabin, preventing oxidation reaction caused by alkali metal leakage and ensuring heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe. The emergency safe water cooling system 6 is used for cooling the reactor after a serious accident, and prevents the reactor from being overhigh in temperature. The waste heat discharge system 7 is mainly used for discharging the waste heat of the reactor core after the reactor is shut down. The sealed bin 8 is a shell of the whole device, plays a role of sealing and bearing pressure, and provides interfaces and channels for a power supply system, a cooling system and an emergency safety cooling system.
As shown in fig. 2: the heat pipe reactor power supply main system 1 includes a heat pipe reactor 101, a thermoacoustic generator 102, a reactor control system 103, and a reactor radiation shielding and thermal insulation system 104. Heat pipe reactor 101 is arranged horizontally, and two thermoacoustic generators 102 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of heat pipe reactor 101. A reactor control system 103 is respectively arranged between the heat pipe reactor 101 and the two thermoacoustic generators 102, and the reactor control system 103 is used for realizing the comprehensive parameter control of the reactor 101 and the thermoacoustic generators 102 so as to ensure that the whole device is in a controlled state. Two identical reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation systems 104 are respectively arranged between the heat pipe reactor 101 and the two thermoacoustic generators 102, and two ends of the two reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation systems 104 are respectively connected with the heat pipe reactor 101 and the two thermoacoustic generators 102; one end of a reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation system 104 is connected with a reactor heat preservation and shielding structure 10108 of the reactor 101, and the other end of the reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation system 104 is connected with heat exchanger ends of the two thermoacoustic generators 102; reactor radiation shielding and insulation system 104 is used to insulate the heat pipes and prevent the radiation produced by heat pipe reactor 101 from having a significant impact on the performance of thermoacoustic generator 102.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4: the heat pipe reactor 101 is composed of 5-3000 heat pipes 10101, 10-2000 cylindrical fuel rods 10102, an in-reactor component 10103, a reflecting layer 10104, a rotating drum 10105, a reactor container 10106, a driving mechanism 10107, a reactor heat preservation and shielding structure 10108, an in-reactor radiation shielding body 10109 and a reactor support 10110.
The heat pipes 10101 and the cylindrical fuel rods 10102 are arranged in the reactor internals 10103 according to a certain proportion and arrangement mode to form a reactor core of the heat pipe reactor 101, and the heat pipes 10101 and the cylindrical fuel rods 10102 can be arranged in the proportion of 3:1, 2:1, 1:2 or 1:3 and are arranged in the reactor internals 10103 in a triangular, square or hexagonal arrangement mode. In this embodiment, 324 heat pipes 10101 are provided, and 627 fuel rods 10102 are provided. The heat pipe 10101 and the reactor core both adopt stainless steel as structural materials. The reflecting layer 10104 is arranged on the periphery of the reactor core, the internal shape of the reflecting layer 10104 is consistent with the shape of the reactor core, the reflecting layer 10104 is a hollow cylinder, and BeO is adopted as the material. The plurality of rotary drums 10105 are uniformly arranged between the reflecting layer 10104 and the reactor core at intervals along the circumferential direction, in the embodiment, the number of the rotary drums 10105 is 12, the rotary drums are divided into six big drums and six small drums, and the big drums and the small drums are uniformly arranged at intervals; the rotating drum 10105 has a cylindrical structure, a half cylinder is an absorber, and a half cylinder is a reflector, and is used to control the reactivity of the heat pipe reactor 101. The heat pipe reactor 101 is provided with two cylindrical radiation shields 10109 in the axial direction, the two cylindrical radiation shields are located on the upper end face and the lower end face of the reactor core and inside the reactor container 10106, the two cylindrical radiation shields are mechanically connected and fixed, and the radiation shields 10109 are radiation-shielded by using LiH wrapped by stainless steel. The reflective layer 10104 and the radiation shield 10109 surround the heat pipe 10101, the fuel rod 10102 and the internals 10103 of the core, and are integrally formed by mechanical connection and fastened to the outer reactor vessel 10106 by fastening. The reactor vessel 10106 is configured to contain the heat pipe 10101, the fuel rod 10102, the in-stack member 10103, the reflective layer 10104, the rotating drum 10105, and the radiation shield 10109, and at the same time, the reactor vessel 10106 provides support and positioning for the driving mechanism 10107. The driving mechanisms 10107 correspond to the rotating drums 10105 one to one, and the number is consistent. The reactor heat preservation and shielding structure 10108 is an integral structure formed by assembling a plurality of blocks, and completely wraps the whole reactor container 10106, so that the reactor heat preservation and the radioactive leakage prevention are realized. The two annular reactor supports 10110 are respectively installed outside two sides of the reactor vessel 10106, the inner sides of the two annular reactor supports 10110 are connected with the reactor vessel 10106, and the outer sides of the two annular reactor supports 10110 are connected and fixed with the sealed bin 8. Each driving mechanism 10107 is run through reactor heat preservation and shielding structure 10108, reactor vessel 10106 respectively with a corresponding rotatory drum 10105 screw thread fixed connection, and driving mechanism 10107 can drive a rotatory drum 10105 rotatory.
The core of the heat pipe reactor 101 adopts UO with the enrichment degree not higher than 20%2The ratio of the height of the active section of the reactor core to the equivalent diameter of the active section is 0.9-1.1, and a cylindrical fuel element, namely a rod cylindrical fuel 10102, is adopted. The reactor adopts a high-temperature high-efficiency alkali metal heat pipe 10101 to conduct the heat of the reactor core.
As shown in fig. 5, the thermoacoustic generator cooling system 2 provided by the present invention is composed of two equipment cooling water pumps 201, corresponding pipes 202, valves 203, and flow pressure temperature meters 204, wherein one equipment cooling water pump 201 runs, and the other equipment cooling water pump is standby. One equipment cooling water pump 201, a flow pressure temperature instrument 204, 9 valves 203 and corresponding pipelines 202 form a group; two valves 203 are arranged on an inlet connecting pipeline 202 of each group of equipment, namely a cooling water pump 201, wherein one valve 203 is positioned outside the sealed bin 8, and the other valve 203 is positioned in the sealed bin 8; a valve 203 and a flow pressure temperature instrument 204 are arranged on an outlet pipeline 202 of the equipment cooling water pump 201; the water inlet and the water outlet of the generator and the thermoacoustic device body are respectively provided with a valve 203, the flow pressure temperature instrument 204 is respectively communicated with the generator of the thermoacoustic generator 102 and the valve 203 at the water inlet of the thermoacoustic device body of the thermoacoustic generator 102 through a pipeline 202, the generator of the thermoacoustic generator 102 and the valve 203 at the water outlet of the thermoacoustic device body of the thermoacoustic generator 102 are communicated with the outside of the sealed bin 8 through the pipeline 202, the pipeline 202 is provided with two valves 203, wherein one valve 203 is positioned outside the sealed bin 8, and the other valve 203 is positioned in the sealed bin 8. Equipment cooling water pump 201 pumps equipment cooling water outside sealed bin 8 through corresponding pipe 202 and valve 203 to cool thermoacoustic generator 102.
As shown in fig. 6, the ventilation and air conditioning system 3 provided by the present invention is composed of two heat exchangers 301, 2 fans 302, corresponding pipes 303, valves 304 and flow pressure temperature meters 305, wherein one fan 302 is operated and the other fan is standby. The heat exchanger 301, the fan 302, the valve 304, the pressure and temperature meter 305 and the pipeline 303 are in a group, each group of heat exchanger 301, the fan 302 and the valve 304 are respectively connected in series through the pipeline 303, and the flow pressure and temperature meter 305 is located on the pipeline 303 between the fan 302 and the valve 304. The heat exchanger 301 is arranged outside the sealed cabin 8, and the fan 302 sends the inert gas in the sealed cabin 8 into the heat exchanger 301 for cooling and then sends the inert gas back into the sealed cabin 8 again to maintain the temperature in the sealed cabin 8.
As shown in fig. 7, the drainage collection system 4 at the bottom of the seal bin provided by the invention comprises a drainage pump 401, two valves 402, a pipeline 403 and a liquid level measuring instrument 404. An inlet of an outlet of the drain pump 401 is connected with one end of the outside-reactor valve 402 through a pipeline 403, an outlet of the drain pump 401 is connected with one end of the right valve 402 through the pipeline 403, and a liquid level measuring instrument 404 is arranged on the pipeline 403 at the other end of the right valve 402. The condition of accumulated water at the bottom of the sealed cabin 8 is monitored through the liquid level measuring instrument 404, and the drainage pump 401 is started to pump the accumulated water out of the sealed cabin 8 after the accumulated water exceeds a threshold value.
As shown in fig. 8, the helium maintenance system 5 provided by the present invention is composed of a gas storage tank 501, a gas storage tank pressure gauge 502, a pressure reducing valve 503, a valve 504, a sealed chamber pressure gauge 505 and a pipeline 506. An outlet of the air storage tank 501 is connected with one end of a pressure reducing valve 503 through a pipeline 506, an air storage tank pressure gauge 502 is arranged on the pressure reducing valve 503, the other end of the pressure reducing valve 503 is connected with one end of a valve 504 through a pipeline 506, and a seal bin pressure gauge 505 is arranged on the pipeline 506 on the right side of the valve 504. A reservoir pressure gauge 502 is used to monitor the pressure of the reservoir 501. The stack bin pressure gauge 505 is used for monitoring the helium pressure in the sealed bin 8, and when the pressure is lower than a threshold value, the helium maintaining system 5 is put into operation, and when the pressure reaches the threshold value, the operation is stopped.
As shown in fig. 9, an annular cavity 603 is formed between the sealed bin 8 and the heat pipe reactor 101 of the heat pipe reactor power main system 1. The emergency safe water cooling system 6 provided by the invention is a passive system, the emergency safe water cooling system 6 comprises a valve 601, a pipeline 602 and an annular cavity 603, and four groups of valves 601 and pipelines 602 are arranged in the annular cavity 603. Each valve 601 and the pipeline 602 form a group, each valve 601 is located on the corresponding pipeline 602, one end of each pipeline 602 is located in the annular cavity 603, and the other end of each pipeline 602 is located outside the sealed cabin 8. When the heat pipe reactor 101 has accidents such as complete failure of the generator 102 or major complete failure of all heat pipes 10101, the final heat trap of the reactor is basically or even completely lost, at the moment, the emergency safe water cooling system 6 automatically opens the valve 601 leading to the outside of the sealed cabin 8, introduces external cooling water to fill the post-accident annular cavity 603 formed by the sealed cabin 8 and the heat pipe reactor 101, realizes emergency cooling of the reactor body through heat exchange processes such as radiation heat exchange and convection heat exchange with the reactor body of the heat pipe reactor 101, and avoids the heat pipe reactor 101 from being melted down.
As shown in fig. 10, the residual heat removal system 7 provided by the present invention is a passive system, the residual heat removal system 7 is composed of four groups of passive condensers 701, corresponding pipes 702, valves 703 and flow pressure and temperature meters 704, the passive condensers 701 are disposed outside the sealed cabin 8, and the valves 703 and the flow pressure and temperature meters 704 are disposed in the sealed cabin 8. The outlet and the inlet of the passive condenser 701 are respectively connected with the cold end of the thermoacoustic generator 102 through a pipeline 702, each pipeline 702 is provided with a valve 703, and a pipeline 702 between the inlet of the passive condenser 701 and the adjacent valve 703 is provided with a flow pressure temperature instrument 704. The condensed water in the passive condenser 701 outside the sealed bin 8 flows into the cold end of the thermoacoustic generator 102 through gravity, and the fluid subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise is driven by density difference to enter the passive condenser 701 outside the cabin, so that a closed passive heat removal loop is formed.
The sealed cabin 8 is a cylindrical sealed shell, fixedly installs the whole nuclear power system device, and realizes isolation and sealing of the internal environment of the cabin and the external environment of the cabin.
The heat pipe reactor power main system 1 realizes innovation on the energy conversion principle and the realization way. The conventional loop reactor system is generally "nuclear heat → primary coolant carrying heat → secondary coolant carrying heat → mechanical energy → electrical energy", and the present invention is "nuclear heat → heat pipe heat → acoustic wave → electrical energy". Meanwhile, the designed heat pipe is in an autonomous energy transportation mode, so that the configuration of the whole system is revolutionarily changed, the number of the system and the number of main equipment are greatly simplified, and 80 percent of reduction is realized.
The working process of the multipurpose heat pipe reactor system based on the thermo-acoustoelectric provided by the invention is as follows: during normal operation, under the controlled nuclear fission condition of the fuel rods 10102 in the heat pipe reactor 101, the generated nuclear heat energy is converted into heat energy of alkali metal in the heat pipes 10101 through heat transfer at the evaporation section of the heat pipes 10101, the alkali metal carrying the heat energy exchanges heat with a heat exchanger of the thermoacoustic generator 102 through heat transfer at the condensation section of the heat pipes 10101, in the thermoacoustic generator 102, a part of the heat energy is converted into sound wave energy and then converted into electric energy, and the other part of the heat energy is transferred to a cold source outside the sealed cabin 8 through the passive condenser 701.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A heat pipe reactor system based on thermoacoustoelectric is characterized in that: the heat pipe reactor system device comprises a heat pipe reactor power supply main system (1) forming a modularized device, a thermoacoustic generator cooling system (2), a ventilation air-conditioning system (3), a drain collecting system (4) at the bottom of a sealed cabin, a helium maintaining system (5), an emergency safety water cooling system (6), a waste heat discharging system (7) and a sealed cabin (8); the heat pipe reactor power supply main system (1) is positioned in the middle of the inside of the sealed cabin (8), the thermoacoustic generator cooling system (2) is positioned on two sides of the heat pipe reactor power supply main system (1) and symmetrically arranged, one side of the thermoacoustic generator cooling system (2) is positioned in the sealed cabin (8) and is connected with the heat pipe reactor power supply main system (1), and the other side of the thermoacoustic generator cooling system (2) is positioned on the outer wall of the sealed cabin (8); one side of the ventilation air-conditioning system (3) is positioned in the sealed bin (8), and the other side of the ventilation air-conditioning system (3) is positioned on the outer wall of the sealed bin (8); the drain collecting system (4) at the bottom of the sealed cabin is positioned at the bottom of the tail part in the sealed cabin (8), and the helium maintaining system (5) is positioned on the cabin wall at the tail part of the sealed cabin (8); the emergency safe water cooling system (6) is positioned between the heat pipe reactor power supply main system (1) and the sealed cabin (8), and the two waste heat discharging systems (7) are positioned outside the sealed cabin (8); the heat pipe reactor power supply main system (1) comprises a heat pipe reactor (101), thermoacoustic generators (102), a reactor control system (103) and a reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation system (104), wherein the two thermoacoustic generators (102) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the heat pipe reactor (101), the reactor control system (103) is respectively arranged between the heat pipe reactor (101) and the two thermoacoustic generators (102), and two ends of the two reactor radiation shielding and heat insulation systems (104) are respectively connected with the heat pipe reactor (101) and the two thermoacoustic generators (102).
2. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 1 wherein: the heat pipe reactor (101) comprises a heat pipe (10101), a fuel rod (10102), an in-reactor component (10103), a reflecting layer (10104), a rotating drum (10105), a reactor container (10106), a driving mechanism (10107), a reactor heat preservation and shielding structure (10108), an in-reactor radiation shielding body (10109) and a reactor support (10110), wherein the heat pipe (10101) and the fuel rod (10102) are installed on the in-reactor component (10103), a reactor core of the heat pipe reactor (101) is formed by the heat pipe component (10103) and the fuel rod (10107), the reflecting layer (10104) is arranged on the periphery of the reactor core, the rotating drum (10105) is uniformly arranged between the reflecting layer (10104) and the reactor core at intervals along the circumferential direction, the radiation shielding body (10109) is arranged on the heat pipe reactor (101) in the axial direction, the reflecting layer (10104) is positioned in the reactor container (10106), the reactor container (10106) is positioned in the reactor heat preservation and shielding structure (10108), and the reactor support (10110) is positioned outside the reactor container (10106), the outer sides of the annular reactor supports (10110) are connected with the sealed bins (8); the driving mechanism (10107) penetrates through the reactor heat preservation and shielding structure (10108) and the reactor container (10106), and is connected with the rotating drum (10105).
3. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 2 wherein: the arrangement ratio of the heat pipe (10101) to the round fuel rod (10102) is 3:1, or 2:1, or 1:2, or 1: 3.
4. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 3 wherein: the heat pipes (10101) and the round fuel rods (10102) are arranged in a triangular, square or hexagonal mode.
5. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 4 wherein: the rotary drum (10105) comprises six big drums and six small drums, and the big drums and the small drums are arranged at intervals.
6. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 5 wherein: the rotating drum (10105) is of a cylindrical structure, a half cylinder is an absorber, and a half cylinder is a reflector.
7. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 6 wherein: the thermoacoustic generator cooling system (2) comprises two equipment cooling water pumps (201), a valve (203), a flow pressure temperature instrument (204) and corresponding pipelines, wherein each equipment cooling water pump (201), the valve (203), the flow pressure temperature instrument (204) and the thermoacoustic generator (102) are connected in series through the pipelines; the equipment cooling water pump (201) is communicated with cooling water equipment outside the sealed bin (8).
8. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 7 wherein: the ventilation air-conditioning system (3) comprises two heat exchangers (301), a fan (302), corresponding pipelines, a valve (304) and a flow pressure temperature instrument (305), wherein the heat exchangers (301), the fan (302), the valve (304) and the pressure temperature instrument (305) are connected in series through the pipelines, and the heat exchangers (301) are arranged outside the sealed cabin (8).
9. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 8 wherein: helium maintain system (5) include gas holder (501), gas holder manometer (502), relief pressure valve (503), valve (504), sealed bin manometer (505) and pipeline, gas holder (501), relief pressure valve (503), valve (504) are established ties through the pipeline, are equipped with gas holder manometer (502) on relief pressure valve (503), are equipped with sealed bin manometer (505) on the pipeline of valve (504) outlet side.
10. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 9 wherein: sealed storehouse (8) and heat pipe reactor (101) of heat pipe reactor power main system (1) between constitute ring chamber (603), emergent safe water cooling system (6) include valve (601), pipeline, ring chamber (603), be equipped with four groups of valves (601), pipelines in ring chamber (603), every valve (601) all are located the pipeline that corresponds separately, the one end of every pipeline all is located ring chamber (603), the other end of every way pipeline all is located outside sealed storehouse (8).
11. A thermo-acoustic-electric based heat pipe reactor system as defined in claim 9 wherein: the waste heat discharge system (7) comprises a passive condenser (701), a valve (703), a flow pressure temperature instrument (704) and pipelines, wherein the passive condenser (701) is arranged outside a sealed cabin (8), the valve (703) and the flow pressure temperature instrument (704) are arranged in the sealed cabin (8), an outlet and an inlet of the passive condenser (701) are respectively connected with a cold end of a thermoacoustic generator (102) through one pipeline, each pipeline is provided with one valve (703), and the flow pressure temperature instrument (704) is arranged on the pipeline between the inlet of the passive condenser (701) and the adjacent valve (703).
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