CN108986943A - A kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect - Google Patents
A kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN108986943A CN108986943A CN201810602311.3A CN201810602311A CN108986943A CN 108986943 A CN108986943 A CN 108986943A CN 201810602311 A CN201810602311 A CN 201810602311A CN 108986943 A CN108986943 A CN 108986943A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/10—Structural combination of fuel element, control rod, reactor core, or moderator structure with sensitive instruments, e.g. for measuring radioactivity, strain
- G21C17/112—Measuring temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect, including control rod, by being successively arranged thermoacoustic devices and radiator to far from reactor core close to reactor core in the control rod, thermoacoustic devices include the resonance chamber set gradually, porous electrode plate, porous media and heat conduction electrode plate, it further include the passive matrix displays being connect with the porous electrode plate and the heat conduction electrode plate, radiator is arranged on the heat conduction electrode plate.Compared with prior art, the present invention, on the basis of not changing reactor whole design and not increasing additional openings, by the way that a set of monitoring of the reactor core monitoring device realization to reactor core temperature based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect is directly arranged in control rod, and have both residual heat of nuclear core export function under extreme accident conditions, solve the problems, such as using traditional thermoacoustic sensor there are sound signal extract that difficulty is big, monitoring accuracy is low and actual monitoring in operability it is poor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reactor core device for monitoring temperature, and in particular to a kind of reaction based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect
Heap reactor core monitoring device.
Background technique
U.S.'s Three Mile Island accident in 1979, Soviet Union's Chernobyl accidents in 1986 and Fukushima, Japan accident in 2011 cause
International organization and nuclear design unit increasingly pay attention to core heap safety problem.
Start to take on key player, passive technology in nuclear energy field currently, passive technology is especially in energy industry
It is considered as the liberator of Nuclear Safety.Nuclear power technology development trend is made a general survey of, next-generation nuclear power is had become using passive safety system
The Advanced Idea of development and technological break-through direction are the outstanding features of advanced nuclear power technology, ensure that Nuclear Safety is indispensable
Means.Whether the AP1000 of Westinghouse Electric's exploitation, inherently safe reactor PIUS, the EPP1000 in Europe, Japan of Sweden's proposition
SPWR or China the nuclear power technologies such as ACP1000, most significant feature is exactly non-passive safety system in terms of safety
System.Regrettably two generation nuclear power unit technologies are used always as monitoring and control reactor operation eyes (sensor), usually
It is supported using integrated circuit or independent current source.This causes, and in the case of major accident, the sensor device being driven by electricity is core peace
Most weak link in total system.For the stability for ensuring working sensor as far as possible, it is independent that more sets are usually taken in design
Data acquisition and independent power supply device, give particularly strongly exaggerated design redundancy.Nevertheless, when nuclear power unit is in extreme
When hazardous environment, especially tsunami causes inwelling that electric supply system is caused to destroy such as in Fukushima, Japan accident, will cause
There are the serious consequences such as deviation, or even failure in sensor registration.
Since temperature is higher (when there is accident, temperature can reach the melt temperature of fuel rod) in nuclear reactor, space is narrow
Small (fuel rod spacing is 12.6mm), leads to not get using mode measured directly.Reactor core temperature measures base
Originally it is that pressure vessels top cover is passed through by armoured thermocouple, crosses compacting part top plate, by support tube and guide cylinder, measures heap
Core outlet coolant temperature calculates core temperature.Under major accident state, especially serious cut accident when will be unable to obtain
Fuel rod temperature is got, reactor safety operation will seriously be jeopardized by losing data accurately and timely feeding back, and cause reactor molten
Change.For this purpose, Chinese invention patent 201480080472.0 discloses a kind of thermoacoustic formula core power distribution measuring component, pass through acoustics
The power distribution situation of sensoring resolving reaction heap heap in-core, but various high-temperature, high pressure fluids in reactor containment vessel, radiation,
Under the strong noise backgrounds such as pump, voice signal can not be identified at all, the current technology is caused also to rest on laboratory research
Field.Chinese invention patent 201510136951.6 discloses a kind of passive thermometric dress of the nuclear reactor based on thermoacoustic effect
It sets, temperature signal is converted to by acoustical signal using particular kind of relationship present in the frequency and temperature as sound, is believed by measurement sound
Number feed back the Technology Ways of core temperature, as 201480080472.0 disadvantage of patent of invention, reactor internal work
Environment is extremely complex, and under accident conditions under the conditions of complex sound field, long-range parsing difficulty is very big.In addition, it is directed to Fukushima, Japan accident,
When the serious cut accident of primary Ioops and power-off occurs, the individual audible alert of thermoacoustic sensor not can solve reactor core overheat and ask
Topic, further, the monitoring for reactor, what is needed is not only passive thermometry, more importantly being capable of pole
It holds and reliable passive Core cooling ability is provided under cut emergency conditions.
In view of this, being badly in need of improving existing reactor core monitoring device, increase its detection accuracy and monitoring
Ability, and solve the problems, such as that reactor core temperature control capability is weak.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to detection accuracy present in existing reactor core monitoring device and
Monitoring capacity is poor, the weak problem of reactor core temperature control capability under accident conditions.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that providing a kind of based on thermoacoustic, thermoelectricity effect
The reactor core monitoring device answered, including control rod, the control rod are interior by being successively arranged close to reactor core to far from reactor core:
Thermoacoustic, thermoelectric device, including resonance chamber, porous electrode plate, porous media and the heat conduction electrode plate set gradually,
The porous electrode plate and the heat conduction electrode plate are connected with passive matrix displays；
Radiator is arranged on the heat conduction electrode plate.
In the above scheme, the resonance chamber is connected to the porous electrode plate, porous media and heat conduction electrode plate, described
Resonance chamber, porous electrode plate, porous media and heat conduction electrode plate are located in closed chamber, and gas is filled in the chamber
Working medium.
In the above scheme, the diameter of through-hole is greater than 0.5mm on the porous electrode plate.
In the above scheme, the thermoacoustic devices length is the integral multiple of 1/4 wavelength of sound wave.
In the above scheme, the passive matrix displays include needle-like potentiometer, stroboscopic lamp and frequency conversion color lamp, and further including can
The component of display or remote transmission is realized by signal transmitting device.
In the above scheme, the radiator includes heat dissipation cavity, is equipped with liquid working substance in the heat dissipation cavity and outside is set
It is equipped with the air cooling equipment with fin.
In the above scheme, the porous media is wholely set with the porous electrode plate and the heat conduction electrode plate.
In the above scheme, the porous media includes multiple porous media monomers for stacking setting, the porous media
Monomer is plate-like or tubulose.
Compared with prior art, of the invention, on the basis of not changing reactor whole design and not increasing additional openings,
It is realized by the way that a set of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect is directly arranged in control rod to reactor
The monitoring of core temperature and waste heat export, solve using sound signal present in traditional thermoacoustic sensor extract difficulty it is big,
The low problem with operability difference in actual monitoring of monitoring accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect, the purpose of the present invention exist
In providing a kind of core temperature sensing device for not influencing Reactor structure design, passive reactor core heat under extreme accident is had both
The reactor core device for monitoring temperature of export function.
The present invention, on the basis of not changing reactor whole design and not increasing additional openings, by directly controlling
In stick a set of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect of setting realize monitoring to reactor core temperature and
Temperature signal can be carried out remote transmission by introducing transient state thermoelectric device with more stable electric signal, thus by waste heat export
It solves to extract difficulty using sound signal present in traditional thermoacoustic sensor operability is poor greatly and in actual monitoring and ask
Topic.The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect provided by the invention, including
Control rod 2, the interior reactor core 1 by close to reactor of control rod 2 are successively arranged to far from reactor core 1: thermoacoustic, thermoelectric device and heat dissipation fill
Set 5.Radiator 5 is arranged on heat conduction electrode plate 7.Thermoacoustic, thermoelectric device include thermoacoustic devices 3 and thermoelectric device 4.Thermoacoustic dress
Setting 3 includes resonance chamber 9, porous electrode plate 8, porous media 10 and the heat conduction electrode plate 7 being successively arranged far from reactor core 1.Thermoelectricity
Device 4 includes porous electrode plate 8, heat conduction electrode plate 7, passive matrix displays 6, further includes being multiplexed in the porous media of thermoacoustic devices 3
10.Passive matrix displays 6 include needle-like potentiometer, stroboscopic lamp and frequency conversion color lamp, further include that can realize to show by signal transmitting device
Show or the component of remote transmission.Radiator 5 includes heat dissipation cavity, is packaged with liquid working substance and the wind with fin in heat dissipation cavity
Device for cooling.The present invention is equipped with closed chamber, the connected porous electrode plate 8 of resonance chamber 9, porous media 10 in thermoacoustic, thermoelectric device
With heat conduction electrode plate 7, resonance chamber 9, porous electrode plate 8, porous media 10 and heat conduction electrode plate 7 are located in the closed chamber,
The length of the sealed chamber is integral multiple of the sound wave in its interior 1/4 wavelength, and is filled in the closed chamber and is used for transmission heat
Gas working medium.
Preferably, the diameter of through-hole is greater than 0.5mm on porous electrode plate 8, and porous media 10 is made of thermo electric material, porous
Medium 10 includes multiple porous media monomers for stacking setting, and porous media monomer is plate-like or tubulose, can reduce oscillating gas
Flow resistance.
Monitoring principle of the invention are as follows: using thermoacoustic effect by the converting heat of reactor core 1 at pulse feature temperature fluctuation, by
Transient state pyroelectric technology makes pulse feature oscillating gas high-frequency act on porous media 10, due to the frequency of oscillation and reactor core 1 of gas
The heat for being transmitted to control rod 2 is related, real in transient state thermoelectricity according to laboratory when oscillating gas frequency increases in resonance chamber 9
Test test result is found when heat high frequency acts on thermoelectric material, when especially frequency is faster than thermoelectric material slow Henan time, heat
The electric signal that acoustic device 3 exports can enhance.In addition, the temperature of reactor core 1 rises sharply when reactor is in accident conditions, thermoacoustic dress
It sets in 3 gas and the low heat for radiating reactor core 1 to control rod 2 of high-frequency is transmitted to radiator 5 with the device location velocity of sound,
Passive residual heat export is realized by radiator 5.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
(1) present invention is deep by the insertion of control rod directly in a set of thermoacoustic electrical sensor apparatus of control rod body interior design
Degree realizes the passive reading of core temperature, solves existing armoured thermocouple and is also only capable of passing through acquisition across pressure vessels top cover
Primary Ioops outlet temperature calculates the drawbacks of core temperature；
(2) present invention be different from the prior art disclosed in thermoacoustic sensing technology, thermoacoustic effect in the present invention only for
The temperature fluctuation for generating high-frequency impulse, the high frequency for thermoelectric device inputs, and then is obtained using the slow Henan effect of thermoelectric material
Bigger electric signal output, the precision and response accuracy that parse electric signal are all much higher than the parsing of traditional acoustic signals；
(3) present invention utilizes the superelevation conductivity of heat of heat pipe by the way that thermal energy is quickly transferred to radiator with acoustic speed
Can, under reactor accident operating condition, thermoelectric device real-time monitoring core temperature can not only be utilized, is also realized using radiator
The passive high speed of reactor core heat is discharged.
Control rod 2 can be considered as left and right two parts according to the monitoring function to reactor core 1 by the present invention, and left side is thermoacoustic devices 3
With thermoelectric device 4, right side is radiator 5, and the two sides of porous electrode plate 8 are respectively resonance chamber 9 and porous media 10.Its
In, it further includes the porous media 10 being multiplexed in thermoelectric device 4 that thermoacoustic devices 3, which include resonance chamber 9, and thermoelectric device 4 includes porous
Electrode plate 8, heat conduction electrode plate 7, passive matrix displays 6 further include the porous media 10 being multiplexed in thermoacoustic devices 3.The present invention, control
There are certain distances between stick 2 and reactor core 1, and the temperature of different location in reactor core 1 is monitored by the insertion depth of drive control stick 2.
Porous media 10, can be straight by the temperature difference between porous electrode plate 8 and heat conduction electrode plate 7 as the thermoelectric material in thermoelectric device 4
Switch through chemical conversion power output, it is preferred that porous media 10 there should be preferable electric conductivity, during reducing thermoelectric conversion
Internal resistance, porous media 10 should have poor thermal coefficient, to improve the slow Henan time of thermoelectric material, enhance thermoelectric conversion
Efficiency.Porous electrode plate 8 should be at outside reactor pressure vessel, be convenient for electric signal between porous electrode plate 8 and heat conduction electrode plate 7
Extraction, it is preferred that porous electrode plate and 8 porous medias 10 can be structure and the identical material of material.The present invention, it is passive aobvious
Show that device can directly parse the electric signal of thermoelectric device 4, is supplied without external power.
The working principle of each device in the present invention are as follows:
Thermoacoustic devices 3: reactor core 1 delivers heat to the gas working medium in resonance chamber 9, on the one hand makes gas working medium local
It is expanded after heated, perturbation fluctuation is inspired outward, and propagate outward with the velocity of sound of the position of thermoacoustic devices 3, until quilt
Cavity wall reflects.On the other hand, the air mass of expansion enters in porous media 10, and exchanges heat and shrink with colder wall surface,
Contrary another disturbance is formed, superposition, the enhancing of multiple temperature fluctuations are eventually exhibited as.1 continuous heating of reactor core, realization pair
The continuous compression of heat wave reaches saturation, then forms lasting resonant wave after the repetition in several periods is reinforced.Thermoacoustic
The heat of reactor core 1 is transformed into the high-frequency impulse heat wave of gas working medium by device 3, wherein the gas working medium temperature highest in wave crest,
Temperature is minimum when trough.
Thermoelectric device 4: thermoacoustic devices 3 form high-frequency impulse heat wave during working, and act on porous media 10, meeting
Show apparent temperature fluctuation characteristic in the inside of porous media 10, previous experiments the result shows that, the thermal transient of high-frequency impulse
Electrical efficiency is apparently higher than stable state thermoelectrical efficiency, that is to say, that 1 heat of reactor core is acted on thermoelectric device 4 by sonication mode
Above, it can be achieved that the effect that traditional pyroelectric signal amplifies, and oscillation frequency signal and strength signal are carried in electric signal, it is right
It is that traditional thermoacoustic sensor is difficult to the parameter obtained, and the output accuracy of electric signal and response time are light velocity grades in the latter, it can
See, thermoelectric device 4 is better than the acoustic field signal parsing in traditional thermoacoustic sensor.
Passive matrix displays 6 can be stroboscopic lamp as the receiving end of thermoelectric device 4, and the frequency of stroboscopic lamp and brightness are all
Long-range monitoring signals can be used as；It may be distance sensor, can further change into after distinctive signal and reach terminal and solved
Analysis.
Radiator 5: under nominal situation, radiator 5 serves sensor, and the cold end as sensor is by partial heat
Export；Under accident conditions, radiator 5 serves reactor core 1, and heat is directly passed through to control rod 2 and is exported, to alleviate reactor core 1
Temperature rapidly rises, and extends the time for subsequent nuclear emergency.
Compared with prior art, of the invention, on the basis of not changing reactor whole design and not increasing additional openings,
It is realized by the way that a set of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect is directly arranged in control rod to reactor
The monitoring of core temperature and waste heat export, solve using sound signal present in traditional thermoacoustic sensor extract difficulty it is big,
The low problem with operability difference in actual monitoring of monitoring accuracy.
The invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, and anyone should learn that is made under the inspiration of the present invention
Structure change, the technical schemes that are same or similar to the present invention are fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect, including control rod, which is characterized in that the control
By being successively arranged close to reactor core to far from reactor core in stick processed:
Thermoacoustic, thermoelectric device, it is described including resonance chamber, porous electrode plate, porous media and the heat conduction electrode plate set gradually
Porous electrode plate and the heat conduction electrode plate are connected with passive matrix displays；
Radiator is arranged on the heat conduction electrode plate.
2. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In further including closed chamber, the resonance chamber is connected to the porous electrode plate, porous media and heat conduction electrode plate, described humorous
Vibration cavity, porous electrode plate, porous media and heat conduction electrode plate are located in closed chamber, and gas is filled in the closed chamber
Body working medium.
3. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In the diameter of through-hole is greater than 0.5mm on the porous electrode plate.
4. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect according to claim 2, feature exist
In the length of the closed chamber is the integral multiple of its interior 1/4 wavelength of sound wave.
5. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In it further includes that can be realized by signal transmitting device that the passive matrix displays, which include needle-like potentiometer, stroboscopic lamp and frequency conversion color lamp,
The component of display or remote transmission.
6. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In the radiator includes heat dissipation cavity, and liquid working substance is equipped in the heat dissipation cavity and outside is provided with the air-cooled of fin
Device.
7. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect according to claim 1, feature exist
In the porous media is wholely set with the porous electrode plate and the heat conduction electrode plate.
8. a kind of reactor core monitoring device based on thermoacoustic, pyroelectric effect according to claim 1, feature exist
It include multiple porous media monomers for stacking setting in, the porous media, the porous media monomer is plate-like or tubulose.
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