CN111118420A - Magnetic pulse processing method for reducing residual stress of magnesium alloy plate - Google Patents
Magnetic pulse processing method for reducing residual stress of magnesium alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy plate processing methods, and relates to a magnetic pulse processing method for reducing residual stress of a magnesium alloy plate, which is particularly suitable for the residual stress generated in the rolling, extruding and cooling processes of a deformed magnesium alloy and finally meets the quality requirements of deformed magnesium alloy plate users. According to the target requirement, the corresponding magnetic pulse wave pattern, pulse frequency, pulse voltage and action time are matched, so that the residual stress of the magnesium alloy plate can be reduced, and the method is suitable for reducing the residual stress of the plate on a field rolling or extrusion production line and is also suitable for reducing large magnesium alloy welded structural parts and cast parts. The method has simple process, can realize programmable control, belongs to the external field integral action without contact and damage, and is a lossless stress reduction method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy plate processing methods, and relates to a magnetic pulse processing method for reducing residual stress of a magnesium alloy plate, which is particularly suitable for the residual stress generated in the rolling, extruding and cooling processes of a deformed magnesium alloy and finally meets the quality requirements of deformed magnesium alloy plate users.
Background
Magnesium alloys can be hot deformed by forging, extrusion, rolling, and the like. Under the action of three-dimensional compressive stress, casting defects such as shrinkage cavities, looseness, air holes and the like in the cast ingot are eliminated, meanwhile, the formation and the expansion of a crack source can be inhibited, the structure is more uniform, and the mechanical property is improved. When the magnesium alloy deforms, the deformation of the material along the cross section is inconsistent, the two factors of obvious anisotropy of the magnesium alloy can cause the non-uniform plastic deformation degree of each part, and after the external force is cancelled, the material rebounds, so that the residual stress is generated. The existence of residual stress can generate adverse effect on the processing and service process of the material, so that a series of problems of material processing precision reduction, strength reduction, fatigue performance deterioration, easy generation of stress corrosion damage and the like are caused. Analysis of a plurality of material failure events can find that the residual stress is the main cause, so that how to eliminate the residual stress becomes a hotspot of research in the field.
At present, the existing methods for reducing the residual stress of metal materials include a thermal aging method (stress relief annealing method), a vibration aging method and a cryogenic treatment (counter quenching). The above methods have some problems when used to remove residual stress from magnesium alloys. The thermal ageing method has high energy consumption and low efficiency, and requires that the size of a workpiece to be treated cannot be too large, so that the surface of the magnesium alloy is oxidized when the treatment temperature is high, and the formulation of a subsequent heat treatment process is influenced. The vibration aging can affect the fatigue life of the material, the vibration mode and the exciting force of the vibration aging are difficult to determine, false aging and over-aging are easy to generate, and the reduction effect cannot be achieved. The reverse quenching process has a large thermal shock, easily causes deformation or cracking of the magnesium alloy, and is generally used for eliminating residual stress caused by a temperature gradient. The above means for eliminating residual stress have a common point, and energy is supplied to the workpiece, such as: thermal energy (annealing, counter-quenching), mechanical energy (deformation, vibration) to initiate material internal dislocations or micro-yield to reduce residual stress. There are many forms of energy, including thermal energy, mechanical energy, magnetic field energy, and electric field energy, and many studies have been reported on the use of magnetic fields for residual stress relief.
Magnetic field treatment (magnetic treatment for short) is a new material treatment method for realizing the rapid transformation of the structural performance of a ferromagnetic material through the action of a magnetic field, and the basic principle is that the ferromagnetic material is placed in a specific magnetic field to be magnetized to a saturated or nearly saturated state, and the dislocation density distribution form in the material is changed by selecting a proper magnetic treatment process, so that the purpose of improving the structural performance of the material is achieved, and the residual stress in the material can be effectively reduced. In recent years, a pulsed magnetic field, particularly a strong pulsed magnetic field, is applied to the reduction of the residual stress of a ferromagnetic material, the effect is very obvious, the magnetic pulse effect is considered to be redistributed and further homogenized, but the pulsed magnetic field adopted by the method reported in the literature is all rectangular wave, sine wave or alternating waveform, the effect on the paramagnetic material such as magnesium alloy is not obvious due to the weak magnetic response of the magnetic field, and the application to the reduction of the residual stress of the paramagnetic material is also rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of a magnesium alloy plate, which reduces the residual stress of a rolled or extruded magnesium alloy plate, so that the magnesium alloy plate has high dimensional accuracy and meets the use requirements of users.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a magnetic pulse processing method for reducing residual stress of a magnesium alloy plate comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the processing area of the magnesium alloy plate, residual stress reduction equipment is adopted, and the equipment comprises a programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device and a serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator which are connected by a power transmission cable;
(2) adjusting pulse frequency and sharp wave rising and falling period time according to the size of the magnesium alloy plate, the outlet temperature and the rolling speed, and introducing a program into a programmable controller; determining the processing time, and designing the combination mode and the installation position of the serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator;
(3) fixing a serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator near an outlet of a rolled or extruded magnesium alloy plate to enable the wide surface of the magnesium alloy plate to be close to a magnetic field area as much as possible; starting a water cooling system and a programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device, and adjusting magnetic pulse voltage to enable the magnetic field intensity to meet the target requirement; and detecting the surface residual stress of the same part before and after treatment, and confirming the reduction effect.
The magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of the magnesium alloy sheet material is characterized in that a pulse direct current power supply output device is controlled in a programmable mode, the rated power is adjusted according to a processing target, and the pulse frequency and the pulse sharp wave shape are adjusted; the serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator redesigns the excitation coil parameters according to the processing target and adjusts the combination mode and the installation position of the magnetic pulse generator.
In the magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of the magnesium alloy plate, in the steps (2) and (3), the pulse frequency, the pulse voltage and the processing time are respectively set as follows: the pulse frequency is 2.5-20 Hz, the pulse voltage is 200-500V, and the processing time of rolling or extruding the magnesium alloy plate through the series-connection type phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator is as follows: the rolling production line is set to be 2-10 s, and the extrusion production line is set to be 20-100 s; for magnesium alloy welded structural parts or magnesium alloy castings, the reduction treatment time is 30-60 minutes.
Aiming at the characteristic of residual stress distribution in the magnesium alloy plate, the invention adopts a sharp wave magnetic pulse with adjustable frequency and intermittence for treatment, and the dislocation structure in the plate is rearranged through the action of pulse electromagnetic force and joule heat generated by the interaction of a magnetic field and the magnesium alloy plate on the magnesium alloy plate, so that the stress is released, and the aim of reducing the residual stress in the plate is fulfilled. The sharp wave waveform of the magnetic pulse can be designed and programmed according to the target requirement and input into the programmable controller; and according to the size change of the processed plate, the combination mode and the position of the magnetic pulse generator are adjusted, so that the optimal effect of reducing the residual stress is achieved. The invention relates to a non-contact method for eliminating residual stress, which can be combined with a rolling production line to form a method for eliminating residual stress on line without damage.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
a Pulsed magnetic field (Pulsed magnetic field) is an alternating magnetic field, and an induced magnetic field is generated in a discharge coil according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. The design idea of the invention is that the pulse frequency and the rising and falling periods of the sharp wave are adjusted according to the size of the magnesium alloy plate, the outlet temperature and the rolling speed, the program is introduced into a programmable controller, the intensity of the pulse magnetic field can be controlled by controlling the input current and the voltage in the induction coil, the time of each charging and discharging is adjusted, and the pulse release frequency of each group of pulse magnetic field can be controlled.
As shown in fig. 5, two ends of the magnetic pulse generator 3 are respectively connected with the excitation coil 2 through power cables, the magnesium alloy plate 1 is positioned in the excitation coil 2, a water cooling system 5 is arranged inside the excitation coil 2, and the programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device 4 and the magnetic pulse generator 3 are connected through the power cables. The method is characterized in that a pulse magnetic field is applied to the periphery of the magnesium alloy plate, when the direction of the magnetic field is parallel to the rolling or extrusion direction of the plate, induced current is generated inside the magnesium alloy plate, and the induced current interacts with an external magnetic field to generate maximum electromagnetic force. The eddy currents will also simultaneously generate joule heating due to the resistance of the conductor itself. The pulsed magnetic field produces electromagnetic force and Joule heat on the material. In addition, because the effective action time of the single pulse magnetic field on the sample is only millisecond level, the pulse strong magnetic field has the characteristics of short action time, high instantaneous field intensity and strong magnetic pulse action generated on the surface and inside of the material, the material is easier to generate micro-area plastic deformation, the strain between the inside of the crystal grains and the crystal grains tends to be consistent, and the dislocation structure inside the plate is rearranged, so that the stress is released, and the purpose of reducing the residual stress in the plate is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the equipment used by the method comprises a power output device and a magnetic pulse generator, and the equipment is simple; the method has simple process, and only three main adjustable parameters are provided: pulse frequency, pulse voltage, and processing time. In addition, the magnetic pulse action spike waveform can be input into the programmable controller by rewriting programs according to the target requirements; and, according to the needs of processing time, can adjust the combination mode and the mounted position of the magnetic pulse generator.
2. According to the invention, three basic parameters of pulse frequency, pulse voltage and processing time are adjusted, so that effective reduction processing of residual stress can be realized, after the reduction process is optimized, the average reduction rate of the residual stress can reach more than 30%, and the maximum reduction rate can reach 60%.
3. The reduction method adopts a non-contact and non-destructive mode of external field action for treatment, and can ensure that the surface of the plate is not damaged and the mechanical property is stable in the residual stress reduction treatment process.
4. The reducing method of the invention is characterized in that the magnetic field acts on the plate integrally, and the integral reduction of the residual stress of the plate can be realized.
In conclusion, the method is simple in process, can realize programmable control, belongs to the overall action of the external field without contact and damage, and is a lossless stress reduction method. The method can match corresponding magnetic pulse wave patterns, pulse frequency, pulse voltage and action time according to target requirements, and can realize the reduction of the residual stress of the magnesium alloy plate, namely the method is suitable for the reduction treatment of the residual stress of the plate on a field rolling or extrusion production line and is also suitable for the reduction treatment of large magnesium alloy welded structural parts and cast parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of reducing residual stress of the rolled magnesium alloy AZ31 in example 1 at 10Hz/300V/60 min. In the figure, the abscissa selected points represents the selected measurement positions, including A, B, C positions, the ordinate Residual stress in RD represents the Residual stress (MPa) of the sheet in the rolling direction, the unated represents the non-application of a pulsed magnetic field, and the Width 300V-10Hz PMF represents the application of a pulsed magnetic field at a frequency of 10Hz and a voltage of 300V.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of reducing the residual stress of the rolled magnesium alloy AZ31 in example 2 at 20Hz/300V/60 min. In the figure, the abscissa selected points represents the selected measurement positions, including A, B, C three positions, the ordinate Residual stress in RD represents the Residual stress (MPa) of the sheet in the rolling direction, the unarmed represents the non-application of a pulsed magnetic field, and the Width 300V-20Hz PMF represents the application of a pulsed magnetic field at a frequency of 20Hz and a voltage of 300V.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the residual stress removing effect of the extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 plate of example 3 at 5Hz/200V/60 min. In the figure, the abscissa is distance from sheet center/mm, the ordinate is Residual stress RD represents the Residual stress (MPa) of the sheet material in the rolling direction, the unored represents that no pulsed magnetic field is applied, and the With 200V-5Hz PMF represents that a pulsed magnetic field With the frequency of 5Hz and the voltage of 200V is applied.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure photograph of (a) magnesium alloy AZ31 rolled sheet before treatment and (b) after treatment (300V-10 Hz). (b) In the figure, Parallel dislocation lines represent Parallel dislocation lines.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a pulsed magnetic field for residual stress reduction. In the figure, 1 magnesium alloy plate, 2 magnet exciting coils, 3 magnetic pulse generators, 4 programmable control pulse direct current power supply output devices and 5 water cooling systems.
FIG. 6 is a logic diagram of a programmable control pulse DC power output device.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the invention relates to a magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of a magnesium alloy plate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the area of the processed plate, the adopted residual stress reduction equipment comprises a programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device and a serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator, wherein the programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device and the serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator are connected by adopting a power transmission cable;
as shown in fig. 6, the specific circuit portions of the programmable control pulse dc power output device are as follows:
a) charging circuit
The charging circuit mainly comprises a constant-current constant-voltage control module, a rectifier diode, a pulse capacitor and a divider resistor. And switching on the constant-current constant-voltage control module, charging the pulse capacitor and storing electric energy. And a feedback signal is obtained through the voltage of the divider resistor and the pulse capacitor, and the feedback signal and the signal converter enter the control circuit.
b) Discharging loop
The discharging loop mainly comprises an energy storage capacitor, an excitation coil, a thyristor and a diode. In order to realize the quick discharge of the capacitor to the magnet exciting coil and increase the magnetic pulse frequency, a diode is connected with the magnet exciting coil in parallel, and half-wave of discharge current in an RLC circuit is reserved. After the thyristor is conducted, the pulse capacitor discharges to the excitation coil. When the current of the discharging loop is reduced, the induced electromotive force generated by the coil and the diode just form a loop, and the discharging current flows through the diode without reversely charging the pulse capacitor. Each signal period has only one half-wave current, forming a magnetic pulse.
c) Control circuit
The control circuit mainly comprises a programmable controller, a constant-current constant-voltage control module, a phase-shifting trigger module, a power regulator and a double-lead controllable thyristor. The pulse signal is an adjustable trapezoidal signal of 2.5 Hz-20 Hz and is used as a magnetic pulse frequency reference signal. According to the voltage feedback of the constant-current constant-voltage control module and the pulse capacitor, the voltage and the current of the charging loop can be adjusted through the adjusting power regulator, the sharp wave waveform and the working frequency of the pulse magnetic field of the discharging loop are adjusted through the PLC, and the driving signal of the switching tube is controlled through the phase-shifting trigger module and the thyristor, so that the purpose of driving the switching tube is achieved.
d) Protective circuit
The protection circuit comprises parts such as overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, load relief protection and equipment power-off protection of a capacitor, and is installed in a mainframe box of the programmable control pulse direct-current power supply output device to directly protect the programmable control pulse direct-current power supply output device.
(2) According to the size of the plate, the outlet temperature and the rolling speed, the pulse frequency and the rising and falling periods of the sharp wave are adjusted, the program is rewritten and is led into a programmable controller, the processing time is determined, and the combination mode and the installation position of the serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator are designed;
the method is characterized in that the pulse frequency and the rise and fall period time of the sharp wave are adjusted according to the size of the plate and the outlet temperature, so that the strength of the magnetic pulse is adjusted; in addition, the processing time is first determined according to the rolling speed or extrusion speed of the sheet and the processing capacity of the equipment, and then the installation position of the magnetic pulse generator is determined according to the processing time and the deformation speed.
For the in-line process mode, the mounting position is determined based on the processing time and the deformation speed, while for the static device process mode, the mounting position is determined based on the position where the residual stress may exist. In addition, the combination mode of the serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator is determined according to the shape and the processing position of the device and the magnetic pulse strength requirement.
The magnetic pulse generator adopts a series-connection type phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator, the series-connection type phase-shifting means that the magnetic pulse generators are connected in series through a cable, and the phase-shifting means that the phase angle of a power supply phase is utilized to adjust the height of an output voltage.
(3) Fixing a serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator near an outlet of a rolled or extruded magnesium alloy plate to enable the wide surface of the plate to be close to a magnetic field area as much as possible; starting a water cooling system and a programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device, and adjusting magnetic pulse voltage to enable the magnetic field intensity to meet the target requirement; and detecting the surface residual stress of the same part before and after treatment, and confirming the reduction effect.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of the magnesium alloy sheet according to the present invention is used for reducing the residual stress of a 150mm × 250mm × 4.5mm magnesium alloy AZ31 rolled sheet, and specifically includes the following steps:
(1) firstly, residual stress detection is carried out on an AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled plate before reduction treatment, the installation position of a magnetic pulse generator is designed according to the detection result, and reduction treatment is carried out on the stress concentration part;
(2) connecting a programmable control pulse direct-current power supply output device with a magnetic pulse generator by adopting a power transmission cable, and starting a water cooling system;
(3) the pulse frequency is set to be 10Hz through PLC programming, the programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device is started, the pulse voltage is adjusted to 300V, and the processing time is 60 min. When the processing time is up, the residual stress value of the processing portion is detected again, and the result is shown in fig. 1. The average rate of residual stress reduction reaches 37.8 percent, and the maximum rate of residual stress reduction is 54 percent.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of the magnesium alloy sheet according to the present invention is used for reducing the residual stress of a 150mm × 250mm × 4.5mm magnesium alloy AZ31 rolled sheet, and specifically includes the following steps:
(1) firstly, residual stress detection is carried out on an AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled plate before reduction treatment, the installation position of a magnetic pulse generator is designed according to the detection result, and reduction treatment is carried out on the stress concentration part;
(2) connecting a programmable control pulse direct-current power supply output device with a magnetic pulse generator by adopting a power transmission cable, and starting a water cooling system;
(3) the pulse frequency is set to be 20Hz through PLC programming, the programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device is started, the pulse voltage is adjusted to 300V, and the processing time is 60 min. When the processing time is up, the residual stress value of the processing portion is detected again, and the result is shown in fig. 2. The average rate of residual stress reduction reaches 45.1 percent, and the maximum rate of residual stress reduction is 55.1 percent.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of the magnesium alloy sheet material is used for reducing the residual stress of the 250mm × 60mm × 8mm magnesium alloy AZ31 extruded sheet material, and the method includes the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, residual stress detection is carried out on an AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled plate before reduction treatment, the installation position of a magnetic pulse generator is designed according to the detection result, and reduction treatment is carried out on the stress concentration part;
(2) connecting a programmable control pulse direct-current power supply output device with a magnetic pulse generator by adopting a power transmission cable, and starting a water cooling system;
(3) the pulse frequency is set to be 5Hz through PLC programming, the programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device is started, the pulse voltage is regulated to 200V, and the processing time is 60 min. When the processing time is up, the residual stress value of the processing portion is detected again, and the result is shown in fig. 3. The average reduction rate of residual stress reaches 45 percent, and the maximum reduction rate is 69.4 percent.
As shown in fig. 4, from the microstructure photographs of the magnesium alloy AZ31 rolled sheet before treatment (a) and after treatment (b) (300V-10Hz), it can be seen that the dislocation density inside the grains after the magnetic field treatment is significantly increased compared to the untreated sample. The dislocation density is increased in the magnetic field treatment process, so that the plastic deformation of the material is generated, part of elastic strain is converted into plastic strain, and the local plastic deformation is more uniform, so that the integral residual stress is reduced.
The embodiment result shows that the method can be matched with corresponding magnetic pulse wave patterns, pulse frequency, pulse voltage and action time according to target requirements, can reduce the residual stress of the magnesium alloy plate, and is suitable for reducing the residual stress of the plate on a field rolling or extrusion production line and reducing large magnesium alloy welded structural parts and cast parts. The method has simple process, can realize programmable control, belongs to the external field integral action without contact and damage, and is a lossless stress reduction method.
Claims (3)
1. A magnetic pulse processing method for reducing residual stress of a magnesium alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to the processing area of the magnesium alloy plate, residual stress reduction equipment is adopted, and the equipment comprises a programmable control pulse direct-current power supply output device and a serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator which are connected by a power transmission cable;
(2) adjusting pulse frequency and sharp wave rising and falling period time according to the size of the magnesium alloy plate, the outlet temperature and the rolling speed, and introducing a program into a programmable controller; determining the processing time, and designing the combination mode and the installation position of the serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator;
(3) fixing a serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator near an outlet of a rolled or extruded magnesium alloy plate to enable the wide surface of the magnesium alloy plate to be close to a magnetic field area as much as possible; starting a water cooling system and a programmable control pulse direct current power supply output device, and adjusting magnetic pulse voltage to enable the magnetic field intensity to meet the target requirement; and detecting the surface residual stress of the same part before and after treatment, and confirming the reduction effect.
2. The magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of the magnesium alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein the pulse direct current power supply output device is programmable and controlled to adjust rated power according to a processing target and adjust pulse frequency and pulse spike wave shape; the serial phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator redesigns the excitation coil parameters according to the processing target and adjusts the combination mode and the installation position of the magnetic pulse generator.
3. A magnetic pulse processing method for reducing the residual stress of the magnesium alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (2) and (3), the pulse frequency, the pulse voltage and the processing time are respectively set as follows: the pulse frequency is 2.5-20 Hz, the pulse voltage is 200-500V, and the processing time of rolling or extruding the magnesium alloy plate through the series-connection type phase-shifting magnetic pulse generator is as follows: the rolling production line is set to be 2-10 s, and the extrusion production line is set to be 20-100 s; for magnesium alloy welded structural parts or magnesium alloy castings, the reduction treatment time is 30-60 minutes.
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| CN113502379A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-15 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for eliminating residual stress of workpiece by using pulse electromagnetic force |
| CN113699472A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-26 | 四川大学 | Method for regulating residual stress of bearing frame of aluminum alloy engine through electromagnetic coupling |
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