CN111118302B - Crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, electroslag remelting device and electroslag remelting method - Google Patents
Crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, electroslag remelting device and electroslag remelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111118302B CN111118302B CN201911406147.XA CN201911406147A CN111118302B CN 111118302 B CN111118302 B CN 111118302B CN 201911406147 A CN201911406147 A CN 201911406147A CN 111118302 B CN111118302 B CN 111118302B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical group [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, an electroslag remelting device and an electroslag remelting method, and belongs to the technical field of metal smelting. It has solved the problem that can not produce big specification electroslag ingot at present. The crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting comprises an upper crystallization chamber, a middle melting chamber and a lower crystallization chamber which are sequentially superposed from top to bottom, wherein the three crystallization chambers are respectively provided with an upper melting chamber, a middle melting chamber and a lower melting chamber which vertically penetrate through the respective corresponding crystallization chambers, the middle melting chamber is in an inverted cone shape, the large end of the middle melting chamber is in butt joint with the upper melting chamber, and the small end of the middle melting chamber is in butt joint with the lower melting chamber. The solidified electroslag ingot is extracted from the crystallizer, the stability of the whole electroslag process is not influenced, the high-temperature electroslag ingot is directly cooled by water, and the cooling speed is improved. The special crystallizer structure can ensure that the temperature field of high-temperature molten pool slag is not influenced by the generated large cooling when the electroslag ingot is cooled by water, so that the electroslag remelting can be smoothly carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and relates to a crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, an electroslag remelting device and an electroslag remelting method.
Background
The high-speed steel is a high-alloy tool steel containing carbon (C), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co) and other elements, has high heat resistance and high hardness after heat treatment, and has no obvious reduction of hardness when the use temperature is up to 600 ℃. The high-speed steel can be divided into common high-speed steel and high-performance high-speed steel according to chemical components, and is divided into smelting high-speed steel and powder metallurgy high-speed steel according to manufacturing processes, and the main production processes of the smelting high-speed steel comprise electric arc furnace smelting, electroslag remelting, forging, rolling and the like. The powder metallurgy high-speed steel is not produced at home due to high technical difficulty.
The main application area of high speed steel is the machinery and tool manufacturing industry, mainly for the manufacture of various cutting tools. Such as turning tools, drill bits, hobs, machine saw blades, and demanding molds. In recent years, a high-speed numerical control machine tool is generally adopted for machining, so that the hot hardness, the wear resistance and the impact toughness are good, high-speed steel bears great pressure and grinding action in working, the traditional high-speed steel has the advantages of good hot strength and poor plasticity and thermal fatigue property, the toughness is not easy to crack, the thermal conductivity is poor, and the service performance of the steel is seriously influenced, particularly large-specification (phi 60) high-speed steel, the carbide unevenness of the steel is poor, so that (M35) large-specification high-speed steel produced by most tool manufacturers in China is continuously made of imported materials.
After analysis and comparison, the results show that: the carbide unevenness of foreign high-speed steel (M35) phi 80 round steel is (3-4) grade, the carbide unevenness of domestic phi 80 round steel is (5-6) grade, other indexes are basically equivalent, and the determinant factor of the carbide unevenness is the forging ratio, the foreign high-speed steel is generally between 20 and 30, and the domestic high-speed steel is generally about 15. The forging ratio is determined by the size of the electroslag ingot, and the root cause that domestic manufacturers do not adopt large forging ratio is the limitation of an electroslag remelting process. Taking phi 80 round steel as an example, the diameter of an electroslag ingot of the round steel needs to be phi 370 according to 20 forging ratios. However, the domestic electroslag ingot of high-speed steel with a diameter of over 300 is slow in cooling speed and thick in cast structure, so the domestic production experience is that the service performance of large round steel produced by large ingot and large forging ratio is not as good as that of large round steel produced by medium ingot and medium forging ratio. The large electroslag ingot has a coarse as-cast structure, and the fundamental reason is that the ingot is large and is cooled slowly. Therefore, in order to produce high-performance large-specification high-speed steel, the process and equipment for electroslag remelting must be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, which can produce large-size electroslag ingots, aiming at the problems existing in the existing electroslag remelting.
The first object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
a crystallizer for electroslag remelting of metal is composed of upper crystallizing chamber, middle crystallizing chamber and lower crystallizing chamber, which are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom, and the three crystallizing chambers respectively have upper smelting cavity, middle smelting cavity and lower smelting cavity.
In foretell crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, the crystallizer still include quick cooling device, this quick cooling device includes the shower of multilayer upper and lower range upon range of setting, the shower include shower and the interval set up a plurality of shower nozzles on corresponding the shower, a plurality of shower nozzles in the same shower encircle the setting.
In the crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, the spray directions of the spray heads are all inwards and downwards inclined, the spray inclination angle of the spray head in the upper layer sprayer is the largest, and the spray inclination angle of the spray head in the bottom layer sprayer is the smallest. The more downward the angle is, the flatter.
In the crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, the three crystallization chambers respectively comprise a crystallizer inner wall and a crystallizer outer wall, the crystallizer inner walls are enclosed into the respective corresponding crystallization chambers, a closed clearance space is formed between the crystallizer inner wall and the corresponding crystallizer outer wall, and the upper part and the lower part of each clearance space are respectively provided with a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe which are communicated with each other.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an electroslag remelting device capable of producing large-size electroslag ingots, aiming at the problems existing in the prior electroslag remelting.
The second object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
an electroslag remelting device comprises an upper upright post, an upper lifting arm, an upper lifting driving device, a chuck, a crystallizer, a bottom water tank, a lower upright post, a lower lifting driving device and a lower lifting arm, wherein the bottom water tank is fixedly connected with the lower lifting arm and is vertically opposite to an outlet at the lower end of the crystallizer, the lower lifting driving device drives the bottom water tank and the lower lifting arm to vertically lift along the lower upright post, the chuck is fixedly connected with the upper lifting arm and is vertically opposite to an inlet at the upper end of the crystallizer, the upper lifting driving device drives the upper lifting arm and the chuck to vertically lift along the upper upright post, the crystallizer is characterized by comprising an upper crystallization chamber, a middle melting chamber and a lower crystallization chamber which are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom, wherein the three crystallization chambers are respectively provided with an upper melting chamber, a middle melting chamber and a lower melting chamber which vertically penetrate through the corresponding crystallization chambers, the middle melting chamber is in an inverted cone shape, the large end of the middle melting chamber is in butt joint with the upper melting chamber, and the small end of the middle melting chamber is in butt joint with the lower melting chamber.
In the electroslag remelting device, the crystallizer further comprises a rapid cooling device, the rapid cooling device comprises a plurality of layers of spray throwers which are stacked up and down, each spray thrower comprises a spray pipe and a plurality of spray heads which are arranged on the corresponding spray pipe at intervals, and the plurality of spray heads in the same spray thrower are arranged in a surrounding mode.
In the electroslag remelting device, the spray directions of the spray heads are all inwards and downwards inclined, the spray inclination angle of the spray head in the upper layer sprayer is the largest, and the spray inclination angle of the spray head in the bottom layer sprayer is the smallest. The more downward the angle is, the flatter.
In the electroslag remelting device, the three crystallization chambers respectively comprise a crystallizer inner wall and a crystallizer outer wall, the crystallizer inner walls are enclosed into the respective corresponding crystallization chambers, a closed gap space is formed between the crystallizer inner wall and the corresponding crystallizer outer wall, and a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe which are communicated are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of each gap space.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a metal electroslag remelting method capable of producing large-size electroslag ingots aiming at the problems of the existing electroslag remelting.
The third object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
a metal electroslag remelting method is carried out by utilizing the crystallizer and an electroslag remelting device, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1: and (3) annealing the electrode bar, and eliminating partial stress (the holding temperature is 830 ℃, the time is 5-7 h, and the charging method has no requirement).
2: and sanding the electrode bar to ensure that the surface is basically polished, and removing the defects of oxidation, cracks and the like on the surface.
3: welding the electrode bar with a false electrode:
cleaning an electrode bar before welding: cleaning into a plane to ensure conductivity
Welding method & position: the dummy electrode and the electrode bar are ensured to be in a straight line.
4: reasonable slag charge proportion is selected (the slag charge meets the requirements of moderate conductivity gamma, high boiling point, low melting point, good chemical stability, small viscosity and specific surface tension sigma through the proportion of a quaternary slag system).
5: baking slag (requirement: slag material composition meets the requirement, purity and impurity free, proper granularity)
Equipment: box type resistance furnace
The process comprises the following steps: baking temperature 550 ℃, time: and (5) 24 h.
6: slagging (Current: 600A, slag amount of each slagging furnace: determined according to the amount)
7: clamping the electrode: the clamp is required to clamp positively, the contact surface is polished completely during clamping, and the connecting bolt of the conductive part is detected to ensure no looseness or poor contact.
8: preparing a crystallizer, a quick cooling device, a dummy bar plate and a bottom water tank: the quick cooling device is arranged below the crystallizer, the bottom water tank panel must be kept horizontal, and the bolt for fixing the dummy bar plate is coated with conductive paste and screwed into the threaded hole of the bottom water tank.
9: and lifting the bottom water tank to the center of the crystallizer, and sealing the edge of the bottom water tank by adding an asbestos rope.
10: and (3) lowering the electrode bar to a reasonable height of the center of the crystallizer, putting slag into the crystallizer, determining the amount of slag according to the size of the electrode bar, and simultaneously starting the quick cooling device.
11: and (3) switching on the current, firstly increasing the temperature of the slag, and starting smelting after the temperature of the slag is increased to a reasonable temperature.
12: fast cooling and ingot drawing: the height of the liquid level on the inner wall of the crystallizer is controlled by adjusting the smelting current, voltage and ingot drawing speed, so that the reasonable proportion of the ingot drawing speed and the smelting speed is ensured, and the problems of overflow of molten steel from the upper part of the crystallizer, difficult ingot drawing or steel leakage and the like are prevented; the cooling speed of the remelting electroslag ingot is controlled by controlling the water pressure of the quick cooling device, and the high-speed steel is prevented from cracking due to insufficient cooling speed or too high cooling speed in the smelting process.
13: after smelting is finished, power and water are cut off, the electroslag ingot is unloaded and placed into a box type resistance furnace for heat preservation, and cracking is prevented in the subsequent cooling process.
14: annealing: complete annealing, reducing stress and regulating hardness
15: sanding and removing surface scale
Forging: and forging the electroslag ingot and processing into various forgings.
Rolling: after the forged rolling blank is rolled, hot rolling or cold rolling is carried out to obtain rolling materials with various specifications.
Compared with the prior art, the solidified electroslag ingot is extracted from the crystallizer, the stability of the whole electroslag process is not influenced, the high-temperature electroslag ingot is directly cooled by water, and the cooling speed is increased. The special crystallizer structure can ensure that the temperature field of high-temperature molten pool slag is not influenced by the generated large cooling when the electroslag ingot is cooled by water, so that the electroslag remelting can be smoothly carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electroslag remelting apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the crystallizer.
In the figure, 1, an upper upright post; 2. an upper lifting arm; 3. a lower upright post; 4. a chuck; 5. a crystallizer; 6. a bottom water tank; 7. an upper crystallization chamber; 8. a middle crystallization chamber; 9. a lower crystallization chamber; 10. a slag pool; 11. a molten pool; 12. an electrode rod; 13. a lower lifting arm; 14. and (4) a spray head.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the electroslag remelting device comprises an upper upright post, an upper lifting arm, an upper lifting driving device, a chuck, a crystallizer, a bottom water tank, a lower upright post, a lower lifting driving device and a lower lifting arm, wherein the bottom water tank is fixedly connected with the lower lifting arm and is vertically opposite to an outlet at the lower end of the crystallizer, the lower lifting driving device drives the bottom water tank and the lower lifting arm to vertically lift along the lower upright post, the chuck is fixedly connected with the upper lifting arm and is vertically opposite to an inlet at the upper end of the crystallizer, and the upper lifting driving device drives the upper lifting arm and the chuck to vertically lift along the upper upright post.
As shown in fig. 2, the crystallizer includes an upper crystallization chamber, a middle crystallization chamber and a lower crystallization chamber which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the three crystallization chambers respectively have an upper smelting chamber, a middle smelting chamber and a lower smelting chamber which respectively penetrate through the respective crystallization chambers from top to bottom, the middle smelting chamber is in an inverted cone shape, the large end of the middle smelting chamber is in butt joint with the upper smelting chamber, and the small end of the middle smelting chamber is in butt joint with the lower smelting chamber.
The crystallizer is characterized by further comprising a rapid cooling device, the rapid cooling device comprises a plurality of layers of sprayers which are arranged in an up-down stacked mode, each sprayer comprises a spraying pipe and a plurality of spray heads which are arranged on the corresponding spraying pipe at intervals, and the plurality of spray heads in the same sprayer are arranged in a surrounding mode.
The spraying direction of shower nozzle all inwards the downward sloping setting, and the spray inclination of shower nozzle is the biggest in the upper spray thrower, and the spray inclination of shower nozzle is minimum in the bottom spray thrower. The more downward the angle is, the flatter.
The three crystallization chambers comprise inner walls of the crystallizers and outer walls of the crystallizers, the inner walls of the crystallizers enclose the corresponding crystallization chambers, closed clearance spaces are formed between the inner walls of the crystallizers and the corresponding outer walls of the crystallizers, and the upper parts and the lower parts of the clearance spaces are respectively provided with a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe which are communicated with each other.
A metal electroslag remelting method comprises the following steps: the electroslag remelting device is utilized for carrying out the electroslag remelting method, and the electroslag remelting device comprises the following steps:
1: and (3) annealing the electrode bar, and eliminating partial stress (the holding temperature is 830 ℃, the time is 5-7 h, and the charging method is not required).
2: and sanding the electrode bar to ensure that the surface is basically polished, and removing the defects of oxidation, cracks and the like on the surface.
3: welding the electrode bar with a false electrode:
cleaning an electrode bar before welding: cleaning into a plane to ensure conductivity
Welding method & position: the dummy electrode and the electrode bar are ensured to be in a straight line.
4: reasonable slag charge proportion is selected (the slag charge meets the requirements of moderate conductivity gamma, high boiling point, low melting point, good chemical stability, small viscosity and specific surface tension sigma through the proportion of a quaternary slag system). The cracking sensitivity of the material is improved through the composite addition of rare earth (the proportion of the rare earth is 40 percent of yttrium group heavy rare earth, 20 percent of cerium group light rare earth and 40 percent of calcium particles);
5: baking slag (requirement: slag material composition meets the requirement, purity and impurity free, proper granularity)
Equipment: box type resistance furnace
The process comprises the following steps: baking temperature 550, time at ℃: and (5) 24 h.
6: slagging (Current: 600A, slag amount of each slagging furnace: determined according to the amount)
7: clamping the electrode: the clamp is required to clamp positively, the contact surface is polished completely during clamping, and the connecting bolt of the conductive part is detected to ensure no looseness or poor contact.
8: preparing a crystallizer, a quick cooling device, a dummy bar plate and a bottom water tank: the quick cooling device is arranged below the crystallizer, the bottom water tank panel must be kept horizontal, and the bolt for fixing the dummy bar plate is coated with conductive paste and screwed into the threaded hole of the bottom water tank.
9: and lifting the bottom water tank to the center of the crystallizer, and sealing the edge of the bottom water tank by adding an asbestos rope.
10: and (3) lowering the electrode bar to a reasonable height of the center of the crystallizer, putting slag into the crystallizer, determining the amount of slag according to the size of the electrode bar, and simultaneously starting the quick cooling device.
11: and (3) switching on the current, firstly increasing the temperature of the slag, and starting smelting after the temperature of the slag is increased to a reasonable temperature.
12: fast cooling and ingot drawing: the height of the liquid level on the inner wall of the crystallizer is controlled by adjusting the smelting current, voltage and ingot drawing speed, so that the reasonable proportion of the ingot drawing speed and the smelting speed is ensured, and the problems of overflow of molten steel from the upper part of the crystallizer, difficult ingot drawing or steel leakage and the like are prevented; the cooling speed of the remelting electroslag ingot is controlled by controlling the water pressure of the quick cooling device, and the high-speed steel is prevented from cracking due to insufficient cooling speed or too high cooling speed in the smelting process.
13: after smelting is finished, power and water are cut off, the electroslag ingot is unloaded and placed into a box type resistance furnace for heat preservation, and cracking is prevented in the subsequent cooling process.
14: annealing: complete annealing, reducing stress and regulating hardness
15: sanding and removing surface scale
Forging: and forging the electroslag ingot and processing into various forgings.
Rolling: after the forged rolling blank is rolled, hot rolling or cold rolling is carried out to obtain rolling materials with various specifications.
The cooling mode of electroslag remelting in the process is direct water cooling outside a crystallizer, a high-speed steel ingot is rapidly cooled to a low-temperature state from a high temperature, an electroslag ingot with a fine carbide structure is obtained, ordinary electroslag remelting is indirect water cooling through a copper wall of the crystallizer, the cooling speed is low, carbides are gathered and grown in a slow cooling process, and the uniqueness of the process is that the process can realize rapid cooling of high-speed steel electroslag remelting and can avoid cracking defects easily generated in the process.
It is to be understood that in the claims, the specification of the present invention, all "including … …" are to be interpreted in an open-ended sense, i.e., in a sense equivalent to "including at least … …", and not in a closed sense, i.e., in a sense not to be interpreted as "including only … …".
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A metal electroslag remelting method is carried out by utilizing an electroslag remelting device, wherein the electroslag remelting device comprises an upper upright post, an upper lifting arm, an upper lifting driving device, a chuck, a crystallizer, a bottom water tank, a lower upright post, a lower lifting driving device and a lower lifting arm, the bottom water tank is fixedly connected with the lower lifting arm and is vertically opposite to an outlet at the lower end of the crystallizer, the lower lifting driving device drives the bottom water tank and the lower lifting arm to vertically lift along the lower upright post, the chuck is fixedly connected with the upper lifting arm and is vertically opposite to an inlet at the upper end of the crystallizer, the upper lifting driving device drives the upper lifting arm and the chuck to vertically lift along the upper upright post, the metal electroslag remelting device is characterized in that the crystallizer comprises an upper crystallization chamber, an intermediate crystallization chamber and a lower crystallization chamber which are sequentially superposed from top to bottom, and the three crystallization chambers are respectively provided with an upper smelting chamber, a middle smelting chamber and a lower smelting chamber which vertically penetrate through the corresponding crystallization chambers, the middle smelting cavity is in an inverted cone shape, the large end of the middle smelting cavity is in butt joint with the upper smelting cavity, and the small end of the middle smelting cavity is in butt joint with the lower smelting cavity; the crystallizer still including quick cooling device, this quick cooling device includes the spray thrower of range upon range of setting from top to bottom of multilayer, the spray thrower include shower and interval setting a plurality of shower nozzles on corresponding the shower, a plurality of shower nozzles in same spray thrower encircle the setting, the injection direction of shower nozzle all inwards the downward sloping setting, the spray inclination of shower nozzle is the biggest in the upper spray thrower, the spray inclination of shower nozzle is minimum in the bottom spray thrower, its characterized in that, this method includes following step:
1: annealing the electrode bar;
2: sanding the electrode bar;
3: welding the electrode bar with a false electrode:
4: selecting a slag charge ratio, adding rare earth into the slag charge, wherein the rare earth ratio is as follows: 40% of yttrium group heavy rare earth, 20% of cerium group light rare earth and 40% of calcium particles;
5: baking the slag;
6: melting slag;
7: clamping the electrode;
8: preparing a crystallizer, a quick cooling device, a dummy bar plate and a bottom water tank: installing a quick cooling device below the crystallizer, ensuring the bottom water tank panel to be horizontal, coating conductive paste on a bolt for fixing a dummy bar plate, and screwing the conductive paste into a threaded hole of the bottom water tank;
9: lifting the bottom water tank to the center of the crystallizer, and sealing the edge of the bottom water tank by adding an asbestos rope;
10: lowering the electrode bar to the center of the crystallizer, putting slag charge, and starting a quick cooling device at the same time;
11: switching on current and starting smelting;
12: fast cooling and ingot drawing: the cooling speed of the remelting electroslag ingot is controlled by controlling the water pressure of the quick cooling device, so that the high-speed steel is prevented from cracking due to insufficient cooling speed or too high cooling speed in the smelting process;
13: after smelting is finished, cutting off power and water, unloading the electroslag ingot, putting the electroslag ingot into a box type resistance furnace for heat preservation, and preventing cracking in the subsequent cooling process;
14: annealing:
15: and sanding and removing surface oxide scales.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein each of the three crystallization chambers comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, the inner walls of the crystallizers respectively form the corresponding crystallization chamber, a closed gap space is formed between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the corresponding outer wall of the crystallizer, and the upper and lower parts of each gap space are respectively provided with a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe which are communicated with each other.
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| PCT/CN2020/107065 WO2021135223A1 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2020-08-05 | Crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, electroslag remelting device and electroslag remelting method |
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| CN111118302B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江正达模具有限公司 | Crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, electroslag remelting device and electroslag remelting method |
| CN112536428B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-07-15 | 东北特殊钢集团股份有限公司 | Production method of phi 1600 mm-phi 1850mm large-scale stripping electroslag ingot |
| CN114606391A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-10 | 东北大学 | Device for preparing composite steel ingot plate blank by electroslag remelting method |
| CN115637379B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-04-09 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | High-carbon alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN116607015A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-08-18 | 宝立合金有限公司 | Slag pool dynamic balancing method in electroslag smelting process |
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| DE2328804C2 (en) * | 1973-06-06 | 1975-07-17 | Leybold-Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg, 5000 Koeln | Method for electroslag remelting in a funnel-shaped mold |
| JPS5259021A (en) * | 1975-11-11 | 1977-05-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method of producing superior ingot by electroslag remelting |
| JPS52123326A (en) * | 1976-04-09 | 1977-10-17 | Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co | Casting method of electro slug |
| JPH04107227A (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1992-04-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | Device for continuously producing cast ingot by electron beam melting |
| AT406384B (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 2000-04-25 | Inteco Int Techn Beratung | METHOD FOR ELECTROSHELL STRAND MELTING OF METALS |
| CN1818102A (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2006-08-16 | 东北大学 | Continuouslly-casting electroslag furnace |
| CN100519787C (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2009-07-29 | 东北大学 | Plate blank electroslag furnace |
| CN201309958Y (en) * | 2008-10-12 | 2009-09-16 | 山东通裕集团有限公司 | 30-ton numerical control three-phase extraction electroslag furnace |
| CN201442971U (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-04-28 | 潍坊亚东冶金设备有限公司 | Combined crystallizer of electroslag furnace |
| CN102758144B (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-04-02 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Production method for steel ingot of large-sized high-nitrogen retaining ring steel |
| CN102277501B (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-04-03 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Electroslag remelting process for titanium alloy steel |
| JP6086439B2 (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2017-03-01 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Electrode for redissolving electroslag and method for manufacturing high nitrogen-containing steel |
| CN208136301U (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江精瑞工模具有限公司 | A kind of sub-sectional cooling crystallizer for high-speed steel electroslag remelting |
| CN108950134B (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-01-26 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Remelting method of electroslag ingot for cold roll |
| CN109112319B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-11-10 | 重庆材料研究院有限公司 | Slag for nuclear-grade stainless steel electroslag remelting and method for electroslag remelting by using slag |
| CN111118302B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江正达模具有限公司 | Crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, electroslag remelting device and electroslag remelting method |
| CN211420274U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-09-04 | 浙江正达模具有限公司 | Crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting and electroslag remelting device |
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Denomination of invention: Crystallizer and electroslag remelting device for metal electroslag remelting, and electroslag remelting method Granted publication date: 20220419 Pledgee: Lishui Jinyun Sub branch of Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: ZHEJIANG ZHENGDA MOULD Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980002558 |