CN111117675A

CN111117675A - Sectional spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system

Info

Publication number: CN111117675A
Application number: CN202010011775.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张玉春; 于文凡; 付鹏; 李治宇; 柳善建
Original assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Current assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Priority date: 2020-01-07
Filing date: 2020-01-07
Publication date: 2020-05-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-07
Also published as: CN111117675B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy conversion and utilization, in particular to a segmented spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system which comprises a first biomass powder feeding system, a segmented spiral stirring type reactor, a gear system, a carbon collector, a heating system, a condensing system, an array type hot flue gas pipeline and a cylinder heat transfer device, wherein the segmented spiral stirring type reactor comprises a reactor body and a segmented spiral stirring device, and the segmented spiral stirring device comprises a stirring shaft, spiral blades and retention blades. The segmented spiral stirring device in the reactor can increase the disturbance of biomass powder in the reactor, so that the biomass powder is longer in heating time and wider in heating surface, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is saved, meanwhile, the array type hot flue gas pipeline realizes multi-point heat supply, the sufficient supply of heat is ensured, the reduction of heat transfer efficiency caused by heat loss is avoided, and the heating effect is improved.

Description

Sectional spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy conversion and utilization, in particular to a sectional spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system.

Background

With the exploitation and utilization of fossil energy, the reserves of fossil energy are rapidly decreased, and a plurality of environmental problems are caused. Therefore, the development of a new renewable energy source is of great significance for improving the environment and the progress of the human society. Biomass can be energy stored in animals, plants and microorganisms, can be converted into conventional solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, is a renewable energy source, and is also the only renewable carbon source. The biomass pyrolysis technology is a leading-edge technology for high-value utilization of biomass resources, can convert biomass raw materials into high-calorific-value and high-grade liquid fuel bio-oil, and improves the competitiveness of biomass energy and other energy sources.

The main problems in the existing biomass pyrolysis process are poor heat transfer effect, weak material processing capacity, uneven temperature distribution and the like. Therefore, the design of a biomass pyrolysis system which can automatically and uniformly feed materials, has a good heating effect and uniformly heats the materials in a reactor is urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a segmented spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

the biomass powder feeding device comprises a first biomass powder feeding system, a segmented spiral stirring type reactor, a gear system, a carbon collector, a heating system, a condensing system, an array type hot flue gas pipeline and a cylinder heat transfer device.

The segmented spiral stirring type reactor comprises a segmented spiral stirring device and a reactor body, the segmented spiral stirring type reactor comprises a reactor body and the segmented spiral stirring device, the segmented spiral stirring device is arranged inside the reactor body and is connected with a gear system, the segmented spiral stirring device can rotate inside the reactor body in cooperation with the gear system, a feed inlet of the segmented spiral stirring type reactor is connected with a discharge outlet of a first biomass powder feeding system, a lower outlet of the segmented spiral stirring type reactor is connected with a carbon collector, an upper outlet of the segmented spiral stirring type reactor is connected with a condensing system, the condensing system is connected with an inlet of a heating system through a gas pipeline, a heat transfer device of the barrel is sleeved outside the segmented spiral stirring type reactor, and an outlet of the heating system is connected with the heat transfer device of the barrel through an array. .

The segmented spiral stirring device comprises a stirring shaft, spiral blades and a retention blade, wherein the stirring shaft is arranged in the reactor body, the upper part of the stirring shaft surrounds the connection spiral blades, the middle part of the stirring shaft surrounds the connection retention blade, the lower part of the stirring shaft surrounds the connection spiral blades, the top of the stirring shaft extends out of the reactor body to be connected with a gear system, the gear system drives the stirring shaft to rotate, and the two blades rotate along with the stirring shaft. During the material in the first biomass powder feed system was sent into segmentation spiral agitating unit, the material moved to the lower extreme under helical blade's drive, later got into and detained the blade region, and the material carries out abundant pyrolysis under the separation that detains the blade, and the pipeline that the living beings pyrolysis gas that produces got into condensing system by the right part is connected, and pyrolysis solid product gets into carbon collector through lower part helical blade region. The material is under helical blade's stirring effect for its being heated in segmentation spiral agitating unit is more even, and the stay blade has increased the time of being heated of material, more is favorable to the complete pyrolysis of material, saves the resource, guarantees the make full use of heat energy simultaneously.

The condensing system comprises condensers, wherein the upper part of the first condenser is connected with a water inlet and a water outlet, the right part of the first condenser is connected with the second condenser, and the upper part of the second condenser is connected with the water inlet and the water outlet. The inside condenser pipe that sets up of condenser, the first condenser pipe of reactor right part connection, the first condenser pipe right part is connected with the second condenser pipe, and the heating system is connected to the second condenser pipe right part, and biological oil collector is all connected to a second grade condenser pipe lower part. The condenser pipe adopts a hollow annular design in order to increase the contact area with cold water, so that the water cooling efficiency is improved, and a pyrolysis gas stop plate is arranged in the condenser pipe, so that the retention time of pyrolysis gas is prolonged, the pyrolysis gas is prevented from directly flowing out from an incondensable gas outlet on the upper part, and the condensation effect is improved.

The heating system comprises a second biomass powder feeding system, a combustion furnace heat exchanger, an air blower and a flue gas treatment device, wherein a feed inlet of the combustion furnace is connected with a discharge outlet of the second biomass powder feeding system, an outlet of the combustion furnace is connected with an inlet of the barrel heat transfer device through an array type hot flue gas pipeline, a condensing system is connected with an air inlet of the combustion furnace through a gas pipeline, the air blower is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger, an outlet of the heat exchanger is respectively connected with the air inlet of the combustion furnace and the flue gas treatment device, and an outlet of the. In order to reach the required temperature of the reactor, the non-condensable combustible gas and biomass powder generated by biomass pyrolysis are combusted in the combustion furnace simultaneously to generate high-temperature flue gas, the heated flue gas is led into the barrel heat transfer device through the array type hot flue gas pipeline, the design of the array type hot flue gas pipeline realizes multi-point heat supply, the sufficient supply of heat is ensured, the reduction of heat transfer efficiency caused by heat loss is avoided, and the heating effect is improved. Then the flue gas is introduced into the heat exchanger from the upper part of the cylinder heat transfer device, the heating air blower introduces the external air of the heat exchanger, then the heated air is introduced into the combustion furnace, the oxygen required by biomass combustion is provided, the flue gas after heat exchange enters the flue gas treatment device, the energy of biomass, non-condensable combustible gas and the flue gas is fully utilized, and the overall energy consumption is saved.

The first biomass powder feeding system and the second biomass powder feeding system are conventionally selected to be auger type feeding devices.

Be provided with the spoiler among the barrel heat transfer device, whole interval from the top down diminishes gradually, three kinds of spoiler forms altogether, and every partial inside spoiler form is the same, sets up on each layer spoiler to be certain angle staggered arrangement's ventilation hole, carries out the vortex to heating flue gas, increases gaseous dwell time, realizes better heat transfer, and in order to facilitate the ash removal, the spoiler adopts detachable construction, easy operation. The outlet of the cylinder heat transfer device is connected with the heat exchanger.

In order to control the carbon collection, the lower part of the reactor is connected with a carbon collector through a perforated screen, and the perforated screen comprises an upper plate with an open pore structure and a complete lower plate without open pores. When the biomass pyrolysis is carried out, the upper plate and the lower plate of the perforated screen are overlapped, the carbon collector does not work, the lower plate is pulled out when the pyrolysis is finished, and the carbon enters the lower carbon collector through the upper plate hole, which belongs to an intermittent operation mode.

In order to reduce the pollution of the flue gas to the air, the outlet of the heat exchanger of the heating system is connected with a flue gas treatment device, and the flue gas is treated to reach the national emission standard.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the biomass powder feeding speed and the stirring speed are effectively adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed ratio of the biomass powder feeding system and the gear system, so that the feeding and stirring effects are optimal, the heating is more uniform, and the pyrolysis effect is better; (2) the segmented spiral stirring device in the reactor can increase the disturbance of the biomass powder in the reactor, so that the biomass powder is heated for a longer time and has a wider heating surface, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is saved; (3) the array type hot flue gas pipeline and the spoiler are arranged in the barrel heat transfer device of the heating system, the array type hot flue gas pipeline realizes multi-point heat supply, ensures full supply of heat, avoids heat transfer efficiency reduction caused by heat loss, and improves heating effect; the air vents which are staggered at a certain angle are formed in each layer of spoiler, so that the contact time of hot smoke and the wall surface is prolonged, and the heat transfer performance is improved; (4) the condensing pipe of the condensing system adopts a hollow annular design, and a flow stopping plate is arranged in the condensing pipe, so that the heat exchange area and the retention time are effectively increased, the pyrolysis gas can be prevented from flowing out of a non-condensable gas outlet at the upper part, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the condensing effect is enhanced; (5) the energy required by biomass pyrolysis is derived from high-temperature flue gas generated by biomass powder combustion, an energy self-supply system is formed, other energy sources are not consumed, and the non-condensable gas (the main component is CH) generated by biomass pyrolysis is effectively utilized₄CO, etc.) to generate heat, further saving energy consumption.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural view of the stay blade.

Fig. 3 is a structural view of the spoiler.

Figure 4 is a block diagram of a perforated screen of three vent designs.

Fig. 5 is a structural view of a condensation duct.

In the figure, 1-1, a first alternating current motor, 1-2, a second alternating current motor, 1-3, a third alternating current motor, 2-1, a first biomass hopper, 2-2, a second biomass hopper, 3-1, a first biomass powder feeder, 3-2, a second biomass powder feeder, 4-1, a first valve, 4-2, a second valve, 4-3, a third valve, 4-4, a fourth valve, 5, a gear rack, 6, a gear system, 7, a reactor body, 8, a reactor shell, 9, a spoiler, 10, a cylinder heat transfer device shell, 11, a cylinder heat transfer device, 12, a helical blade, 13, a retention blade, 14, a stirring shaft, 15, an array type hot flue gas pipeline, 16, a perforated screen, 17, a carbon collector, 18, a pressure gauge, 19-1, The device comprises a first condensation pipe, a second condensation pipe, a first condenser, a second condenser, a first biological oil collector, a second condenser, a first condenser, a second biological oil collector, a second condenser, a second biological oil collector, a second condenser, a second biological oil collector.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

Example (b):

as shown in the figure, the sectional spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system comprises a biomass powder feeding system, a sectional spiral stirring type reactor, a gear system, a carbon collector, a heating system, a condensing system and a flue gas treatment device. The feeding hole of the reactor body 7 is connected with the discharging hole of the first biomass powder feeder 3-1, a stirring shaft 14, a helical blade 12 and a detention blade 13 are arranged in the reactor body 7, the upper part of the stirring shaft 14 is connected with a gear system 6, the gear system 6 is fixed by a gear carrier 5 arranged on the upper part of the reactor body 7 and is powered by a second alternating current motor 1-2, the outlet on the lower part of the reactor body 7 is connected with a carbon collector 17 through a perforated screen 16, a sleeve barrel heat transfer device 11 is arranged outside the reactor body 7, and the right part of the sleeve barrel heat transfer device is connected with a first condensation pipe 19-1 through a guide pipe.

Be provided with (mixing) shaft 14 in the reactor body 7, reactor body 7 is stretched out and is connected with gear system 6 at (mixing) shaft 14 top, drives (mixing) shaft 14 by gear system 6 and rotates, and (mixing) shaft 14 divide into upper, middle and lower triplex, and helical blade 12 is installed to upper portion spiral, and middle part spiral installation is detained blade 13, and the same helical blade 12 of lower part and upper portion installation is driven (mixing) shaft 14 by gear system 6 and is rotated, and helical blade 12 rotates along with (mixing) shaft 14 with detaining blade 13. Biomass powder is fed into a reactor body 7 through a first biomass powder feeder 3-1, materials are driven by an upper spiral blade 12 to move towards the lower end and then enter a middle retention blade 13 area, the materials are fully pyrolyzed under the separation of the retention blade 13, produced biomass pyrolysis gas enters a condensing system through a pipeline connected at the right part, produced pyrolysis solid product coke and the like enter a lower spiral blade 12 area and enter a lower connected carbon collector 17 under the drive of a lower spiral blade 12. The material is heated more evenly in the reactor body 7 with the help of the helical blades 12 and the detention blades 13, the heat and mass transfer effect is good, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved.

The condensing system comprises condensers, wherein the upper part of the first condenser 20-1 is connected with a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, the right part of the first condenser is connected with the second condenser 20-2, and the upper part of the second condenser 20-2 is connected with the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline. The condenser is internally provided with a condensing pipe, the right part of the reactor is connected with a first condensing pipe 19-1, the right part of the first condensing pipe 19-1 is connected with a second condensing pipe 19-2, and a gas phase outlet of the second condensing pipe is connected with a combustion furnace 25. The lower part of the first condensation pipe 19-1 is connected with the first biological oil collector 21-1 through a third valve 4-3, and the lower part of the second condensation pipe 19-2 is connected with the second biological oil collector 21-2 through a fourth valve 4-4. The condenser pipe adopts the design of hollow ring shape in order to increase the contact area with cold water, improves the water-cooling efficiency, and sets up pyrolysis gas cutoff plate 32 in the condenser pipe inside, increases pyrolysis gas's dwell time, avoids pyrolysis gas to flow out because of the short circuit flows directly from the noncondensable gas export, has improved the condensation effect.

The heating system comprises a combustion furnace 25, the combustion furnace 25 is connected with a gas phase outlet of a second condensation pipe 19-2, the purpose is to utilize energy of non-condensable combustible gas generated in biomass pyrolysis, biomass powder in a second biomass hopper 2-2 enters the combustion furnace 25 through a second biomass powder feeder 3-2, in order to reach the required temperature of the reactor body 7, combustion of the biomass powder and the non-condensable combustible gas is simultaneously carried out in the combustion furnace 25, and generated high-temperature flue gas enters a barrel heat transfer device 11 through an array type hot flue gas pipeline 15 to heat the wall surface of the reactor body 7. The waste heat smoke on the upper part of the cylinder heat transfer device 11 enters the heat exchanger 24 to exchange heat with the ambient air entering the heat exchanger 24 through the blower 23, so that the waste heat of the smoke is fully utilized to improve the temperature of the air introduced into the combustion furnace 25, and the smoke after heat exchange enters the smoke treatment device 26 to be treated and then discharged, thereby preventing the environment from being polluted.

An array type hot flue gas pipeline 15 is arranged in the barrel heat transfer device 11, hot flue gas is introduced into the heat transfer barrel from a plurality of uniformly distributed positions through the array type hot flue gas pipeline 15, multipoint heat supply is achieved, sufficient supply of heat is guaranteed, heat transfer efficiency reduction caused by heat loss is avoided, and heating effect is improved.

The spoiler 9 is arranged in the cylinder heat transfer device 11, the spoiler 9 is divided into three types, the ventilation holes are respectively formed in the spoiler, the ventilation holes can be designed according to different arrangement modes, for example, the ventilation holes A27, the ventilation holes B28, the ventilation holes C29 or other arrangement modes which are not listed in the drawing increase the retention time of high-temperature flue gas in the cylinder heat transfer device 11, better heat transfer is realized, and the spoiler 9 is of a detachable structure and is simple to operate in order to remove ash.

In order to control the carbon collection, the lower part of the reactor body 7 is connected with a carbon collector 17 through a perforated screen 16, and the perforated screen 16 comprises an upper plate 30 with an open pore structure and a complete lower plate 31 without an open pore. When biomass pyrolysis is carried out, the upper plate and the lower plate of the perforated screen 16 are overlapped, the carbon collector 17 does not work, and the lower plate 31 is pulled out when the pyrolysis is finished, so that carbon enters the lower carbon collector 17 through the holes formed in the upper plate 30, and the biomass pyrolysis device belongs to an intermittent operation mode.

In order to reduce the pollution of the flue gas to the air, the outlet of the heating system heat exchanger 24 is connected with a flue gas treatment device 26, and the flue gas is treated to reach the national emission standard.

The reaction process for biomass pyrolysis liquefaction by using the method comprises the following steps:

the first alternating current motor 1-1 is started, biomass powder raw materials in the first biomass hopper 2-1 enter the reactor body 7 through the first biomass powder feeder 3-1, the second alternating current motor is started to drive the gear system 6 to rotate, so as to drive the stirring shaft 14 to rotate, the spiral blades 12 and the detention blades 13 are driven by the stirring shaft 14 to rotate, the materials are stirred and heated in the stirring process to carry out thermal cracking reaction, the generated biomass pyrolysis gas passes through the pipeline and enters the condensation system through the pressure gauge 18, the pressure gauge and the pipeline are controlled through the second valve 4-2, and coke generated by pyrolysis enters the carbon collector 17 controlled by the first valve 4-1 through the perforated screen 16.

The biomass pyrolysis gas enters the first condensation pipe 19-1, is liquefied into bio-oil, enters the first bio-oil collector 21-1, and the residual gas enters the second condensation pipe 19-2 to be liquefied into bio-oil, and enters the second bio-oil collector 21-2.

The uncondensable combustible gases that are not liquefied exit the condensation system and are conducted through conduits to the burner 25, meanwhile, the third alternating current motor 1-3 is started, biomass powder in the second biomass hopper 2-2 enters the combustion furnace 25 from the second biomass powder feeder 3-2, air firstly enters the heat exchanger 24 to exchange heat with waste heat flue gas in the barrel heat transfer device 11 under the action of the blower 23, then enters a combustion furnace 25 to provide air required by combustion of combustible gas and biomass powder fuel, hot flue gas generated by combustion enters the barrel heat transfer device 11 through the array type hot flue gas pipeline 15, the heating reactor shell 8 is moved from bottom to top through the spoiler 9 to provide energy required by biomass raw material pyrolysis, hot flue gas finally enters the heat exchanger 24 to exchange heat with air, and then enters the flue gas treatment device 26 to treat the flue gas, so that the national emission standard is reached.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a segmentation spiral stirring formula living beings pyrolysis liquefaction system, its characterized in that includes first living beings powder feed system, segmentation spiral stirring formula reactor, gear system, charcoal collector, heating system, condensing system, array hot flue gas pipeline, barrel heat transfer device, segmentation spiral stirring formula reactor feed inlet and first living beings powder feed system discharge gate are connected, segmentation spiral stirring formula reactor top is connected with gear system, and segmentation spiral stirring formula reactor lower part export is connected with charcoal collector, and segmentation spiral stirring formula reactor outside cover establishes barrel heat transfer device, and segmentation spiral stirring formula reactor upper portion export is connected with condensing system, and condensing system passes through gas piping and heating system access connection, and heating system export passes through array hot flue gas pipeline and is connected with barrel heat transfer device.

2. The staged spiral agitated biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system of claim 1, wherein the staged spiral agitated reactor comprises a reactor body and a staged spiral agitator, the staged spiral agitator is disposed within the reactor body and connected to the gear system, and the staged spiral agitator is configured to rotate within the reactor body in cooperation with the gear system.

3. The segmented spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system according to claim 2, wherein the segmented spiral stirring device comprises a stirring shaft, spiral blades and retention blades, the upper part of the stirring shaft is circumferentially connected with the spiral blades, the middle part of the stirring shaft is circumferentially connected with the retention blades, the lower part of the stirring shaft is circumferentially connected with the spiral blades, and the top of the stirring shaft extends out of the reactor body and is connected with the gear system.

4. The sectional spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system is characterized in that the heating system comprises a second biomass powder feeding system, a combustion furnace heat exchanger, an air blower and a flue gas treatment device, a feed port of the combustion furnace is connected with a discharge port of the second biomass powder feeding system, an outlet of the combustion furnace is connected with an inlet of a barrel heat transfer device through an array type hot flue gas pipeline, a condensing system is connected with an air inlet of the combustion furnace through a gas pipeline, the air blower is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger, an outlet of the heat exchanger is respectively connected with the air inlet of the combustion furnace and the flue gas treatment device, and an outlet of the barrel heat transfer device is connected with the.

5. The sectional spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system of claim 1 or 4, wherein the cylinder heat transfer device is divided into three parts from top to bottom, the spoilers are distributed in each part at equal intervals, the intervals between the spoilers decrease from top to bottom, the three spoiler types are total, the spoiler types in each part are the same, and the openings between the adjacent spoilers are staggered.

6. The segmented spiral stirred biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system of claim 1, wherein a perforated screen is arranged between the carbon collector and the segmented spiral stirred reactor, and the perforated screen comprises an upper plate with openings and a complete lower plate without openings.

7. The staged spiral agitated biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system of claim 1, wherein the condenser tube is of annular configuration with a flow stop plate disposed therein.

8. The sectional spiral stirring type biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system of claim 1, wherein the first biomass powder feeding system and the second biomass powder feeding system are both auger type feeding devices.