CN111117674A - Biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method and system - Google Patents
Biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111117674A CN111117674A CN201911286361.6A CN201911286361A CN111117674A CN 111117674 A CN111117674 A CN 111117674A CN 201911286361 A CN201911286361 A CN 201911286361A CN 111117674 A CN111117674 A CN 111117674A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The application discloses a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method and a system, wherein the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method comprises the following steps: conveying the dried biomass waste to a first pyrolysis reactor for a first pyrolysis reaction to obtain primary pyrolysis waste; conveying the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the intermediate product comprises mixed gas and biochar; condensing the mixed gas, and converting a part of the mixed gas into an oil-water mixed product after condensing; purifying the other part of the mixed gas to obtain combustible gas; wherein the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%. Through the mode, the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method can promote the recycling of resources.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of biomass waste treatment, in particular to a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method and a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system.
Background
The yield of biomass waste is increased year by year and is difficult to be effectively recycled, which poses a potential threat to the environment, and the biomass waste contains abundant organic components such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, lignin, cellulose and the like, and if the biomass waste is properly treated, the effective substances in the biomass waste can be converted into energy for utilization.
Meanwhile, representatives of new energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy depend on the environment to a large extent, the instability of energy output is relatively high, and meanwhile, the global energy crisis caused by the increasingly exhausted traditional energy sources and the environmental pollution caused by the combustion of the traditional energy sources are another significant problem facing human beings. How to find renewable clean new energy sources to replace traditional fossil fuels has become the target and direction of world-wide joint efforts.
Therefore, how to effectively utilize biomass waste into resources is a great problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly provides a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method and a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system, and the biomass fuel can promote the recycling of resources.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application adopts a technical scheme that: providing a method for thermocatalytic recombination of biomass waste, the method comprising: conveying the dried biomass waste to a first pyrolysis reactor for a first pyrolysis reaction to obtain primary pyrolysis waste; conveying the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the intermediate product comprises mixed gas and biochar; condensing the mixed gas, and converting a part of the mixed gas into an oil-water mixed product after condensing; purifying the other part of the mixed gas to obtain combustible gas; wherein the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution adopted by the present application is: providing a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system comprising: the system comprises a first pyrolysis reactor, a second pyrolysis reactor, a condensing device and a purifying device, wherein the first pyrolysis reactor is used for carrying out first pyrolysis reaction on dried biomass waste to obtain primary pyrolysis waste; a feed port of the second pyrolysis reactor is connected with a discharge port of the first pyrolysis reactor, the second pyrolysis reactor is used for carrying out second pyrolysis reaction on the primary pyrolysis waste, and the obtained product comprises mixed gas and biochar; the condensing equipment is connected with an exhaust port of the second pyrolysis reactor and is used for condensing the mixed gas, so that part of the mixed gas is converted into an oil-water mixed product after being condensed; the purifying device is connected with the exhaust port of the condensing device and is used for purifying the other part of mixed gas to obtain combustible gas.
The beneficial effect of this application is: different from the prior art, the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method provided by the application obtains the primary decomposed waste by conveying the dried biomass waste to the first pyrolysis reactor for carrying out the first pyrolysis reaction; conveying the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%, and intermediate products obtained after two times of pyrolysis reactions of the dried biomass waste comprise mixed gas and biochar; condensing a part of mixed gas and converting the condensed mixed gas into an oil-water mixed product; the other part of mixed gas is purified to obtain combustible gas, so that the biomass waste is converted into recyclable oil-water mixed products, biochar and combustible gas, the added value of the products is high, and the recycling of resources is promoted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first process for one embodiment of a method for thermocatalytic reformation of biomass waste provided herein;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for thermocatalytic reformation of biomass waste provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic third flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for thermocatalytic recombination of biomass waste provided herein;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system provided by the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "first", "second" and "third" in the embodiments of the present application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first process of an embodiment of a method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste according to the present application.
In this example, the method 100 for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste comprises the following steps:
s120: and conveying the dried biomass waste to a first pyrolysis reactor for a first pyrolysis reaction to obtain primary pyrolysis waste.
Alternatively, the biomass waste is one or a mixed raw material of municipal biomass waste, crop waste and livestock manure. For example: kitchen waste, urban excrement, urban biomass waste, sawdust, corn straw, corncobs and the like or a mixed raw material.
And carrying out a first pyrolysis reaction on the dried biomass waste in a first pyrolysis reactor to obtain primary decomposition, thus obtaining primary decomposition waste.
S140: and conveying the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product. Wherein the intermediate product comprises mixed gas and biochar.
And carrying out a second pyrolysis reaction on the primary decomposition waste in a second pyrolysis reactor to obtain a secondary decomposition product, and generating an intermediate product.
Wherein the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%. That is, both the first pyrolysis reaction and the second pyrolysis reaction are performed under oxygen-free or micro-oxygen conditions. The oxygen content may be: 0. 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 45%.
The first pyrolysis reactor and the second pyrolysis reactor can be assembled into an integral closed reactor to maintain the oxygen content level of the reactors, reduce the entrance of external air during feeding and discharging, and control the treatment cost.
The biochar is used as a solid product after pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass waste, and the core of the biochar is a multifunctional environment-friendly material which is formed after pyrolysis and conversion of the biomass waste and has high organic carbon content, strong adsorption capacity, porosity and multiple purposes. Biochar has great potential in improving soil fertility and crop yield, and reducing heavy metal and organic pollution in the environment. Compared with activated carbon with similar properties, the activated carbon has the advantages of lower cost and easy acceptance by the public; compared with other measures for increasing the yield and the fertility, the method has the advantages of good effect and long duration.
S160: the mixed gas is condensed, and a part of the mixed gas is converted into an oil-water mixed product after being condensed.
The oil-water mixture, which may also be referred to as Bio-oil (Bio-oil), is a mixture of various degradants of biomass waste. The biomass oil can be directly combusted as fuel and can also be used as fuel for oil-fired boilers and industrial kilns; secondly, the diesel oil can be used as the fuel of an internal combustion engine instead of 0 # diesel oil after being refined and processed; it can also be used as chemical raw material for extracting or processing various chemical products such as antiseptic, food flavoring, desulfurization and denitration agent, organic fertilizer, hydroxy acetaldehyde, levoglucosan, etc.
The mixed gas can be sent to condensing equipment for condensation treatment, and the oil-water mixed product can flow out of the condensing equipment and enter an oil-water separation tank for next separation treatment.
S180: and purifying the other part of the mixed gas to obtain combustible gas.
The combustible gas can also be called biomass fuel gas or synthesis gas, can be directly combusted, and can be used as a renewable clean new energy source to partially replace the traditional fossil fuel.
In the method 100 for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste of the embodiment, the dried biomass waste is conveyed to the first pyrolysis reactor to perform the first pyrolysis reaction, so as to obtain a primary pyrolysis waste; conveying the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%, and intermediate products including mixed gas and biochar are obtained after two times of pyrolysis reactions are carried out on the dried biomass waste; condensing a part of mixed gas and converting the condensed mixed gas into an oil-water mixed product; the other part of mixed gas is purified to obtain combustible gas, so that the biomass waste is converted into recyclable oil-water mixed products, biochar and combustible gas, the added value of the products is high, and the recycling of resources is promoted.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second process of an embodiment of a method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste according to the present application.
Optionally, step S120: conveying the dried biomass waste to a first pyrolysis reactor for a first pyrolysis reaction to obtain a primary pyrolysis waste, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s121: and conveying the dried biomass waste to a first heating area of a first pyrolysis reactor to perform a first section of pyrolysis reaction to obtain first pyrolysis waste. Wherein the reaction temperature of the first heating region of the first pyrolysis reactor is 200-300 ℃, and the reaction residence time is 15-30 min.
The reaction temperature of the first heating zone of the first pyrolysis reactor may be 200 ℃, 220 ℃, 250 ℃, 260 ℃, 280 ℃, 290 ℃ or 300 ℃. The dried biomass waste stays in a first heating interval of a first pyrolysis reactor, the time for carrying out the first stage pyrolysis reaction is reaction residence time, and the reaction residence time can be 15min, 18min, 20min, 22min, 25min, 26min, 28min or 30 min.
S122: and conveying the first primary decomposition waste to a second heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor to perform a second-stage pyrolysis reaction so as to obtain the primary decomposition waste. Wherein the reaction temperature of the second heating region of the first pyrolysis reactor is 300-450 ℃, and the reaction retention time is 15-30 min.
The reaction temperature of the second heating zone of the first pyrolysis reactor may be 300 ℃, 310 ℃, 320 ℃, 350 ℃, 380 ℃, 400 ℃, 420 ℃, 440 ℃ or 450 ℃. The first initial decomposition waste stays in the second heating interval of the first pyrolysis reactor, the second stage pyrolysis reaction is carried out for reaction staying time, and the reaction staying time can be 15min, 18min, 20min, 22min, 25min, 26min, 28min or 30 min.
Optionally, step S140: conveying the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction, comprising:
s141: and conveying the primarily decomposed waste to a first heating interval of a second pyrolysis reactor for third-stage pyrolysis reaction to obtain second pyrolysis waste. Wherein the reaction temperature of the first heating region of the second pyrolysis reactor is 450-600 ℃, and the reaction residence time is 30-60 min.
The reaction temperature of the first heating zone of the second pyrolysis reactor may be 450 ℃, 480 ℃, 500 ℃, 520 ℃, 550 ℃, 580 ℃, 590 ℃ or 600 ℃. The primarily decomposed waste stays in the first heating interval of the second pyrolysis reactor, the time for carrying out the third stage pyrolysis reaction is reaction staying time, and the reaction staying time can be 30min, 35min, 40min, 42min, 45min, 48min, 50min, 52min, 55min, 57min, 59min or 60 min.
S142: and conveying the second pyrolysis waste to a second heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor to perform a fourth-stage pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product. Wherein the intermediate product comprises mixed gas and biochar, the reaction temperature of a second heating region of the second pyrolysis reactor is 600-750 ℃, and the reaction retention time is 30-60 min.
The second heating zone of the second pyrolysis reactor may be 600 ℃, 620 ℃, 650 ℃, 670 ℃, 680 ℃, 710 ℃, 730 ℃ or 750 ℃. And the second pyrolysis waste stays in the second heating interval of the second pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis reaction of the fourth section is carried out for reaction staying time, and the reaction staying time can be 30min, 35min, 40min, 42min, 45min, 48min, 50min, 52min, 55min, 57min, 59min or 60 min.
The dried biomass waste is subjected to the relatively low-temperature pyrolysis treatment of the first pyrolysis reactor and the relatively high-temperature pyrolysis treatment of the second pyrolysis reactor in sequence, and each pyrolysis treatment comprises two sections of pyrolysis reactions, so that the biomass waste can be decomposed more thoroughly, high-quality mixed gas and biochar are obtained, and a final product with a high added value can be obtained.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a third flow path of an embodiment of a method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste provided by the present application.
Optionally, the method 100 for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste further comprises:
s111: and drying the biomass waste to obtain dried biomass waste and waste gas. Wherein the temperature of the drying treatment is controlled to be 70-105 ℃, and the water content of the dried biomass waste is less than or equal to 10%.
The drying temperature is controlled to 70 deg.C, 75 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 90 deg.C, 100 deg.C or 105 deg.C. The moisture content of the dried biomass waste may be 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%.
The biomass waste may be placed in a drying chamber for drying. The dried biomass waste can be conveyed by the conveyor belt to the storage port of the buffer chamber for transportation to the buffer chamber for further processing.
After the biomass waste is dried, the moisture content in the raw materials can be reduced, the processing of the raw materials is facilitated, the moisture content in the obtained product (biochar) can be effectively controlled, and the product performance is improved.
S112: and (4) deodorizing the waste gas.
The waste gas generated after drying treatment can be discharged into a deodorizing device for deodorizing treatment, so that the pollution to the atmospheric environment caused by the waste gas after being discharged into the environment is reduced.
Optionally, the method 100 for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste further comprises:
s191: and combusting the combustible gas to obtain a combusted gas.
The combustible gas has H as main component2，CH4，CO，CXHYThe combustible gas after combustion mainly produces CO2And water vapor.
S192: collecting the combusted gas and providing heat to at least one of the drying process, the first pyrolysis reaction and the second pyrolysis reaction from the combusted gas.
The burnt gas is high-heat gas, the heat of the burnt gas is collected, and the heat can be recycled to the drying treatment for drying the biomass waste; or recycled to the first pyrolysis reaction and the second pyrolysis reaction for drying the biomass waste. It is understood that the collected heat may provide heat to the three simultaneously, or may provide heat to only one or both.
Alternatively, at step S120: before the dried biomass waste is conveyed to the first pyrolysis reactor for the first pyrolysis reaction, the method may further include:
and continuously introducing nitrogen or inert gas for 15-30 min to discharge air in the first pyrolysis reactor and the second pyrolysis reactor, so that the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%.
And when the dry biomass waste in the buffer chamber reaches about 400-700 ml (determined by the capacity of the buffer chamber), closing the gate at the feed inlet of the buffer chamber, opening the air inlet of the buffer chamber after the air tightness of the system is detected, and introducing nitrogen or inert gas to discharge the air in the system, so that the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%. The biomass waste is then transported in a closed manner to a first pyrolysis reactor for a first pyrolysis reaction, and the primary pyrolysis waste is then transported to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction.
A certain amount of dried biomass waste is kept in the buffer chamber, and a valve at the air inlet of the buffer chamber can be opened to introduce nitrogen or inert gas when the buffer chamber feeds materials every time, so that air is prevented from entering during feeding.
The time for continuously introducing nitrogen or inert gas can be 15min, 18min, 20min, 22min, 25min, 26min, 28min or 30 min. By continuously introducing nitrogen or inert gas, air in the first pyrolysis reactor and air in the second pyrolysis reactor can be discharged to meet the oxygen content condition required by the pyrolysis reaction.
Alternatively, S180: after another part of mixed gas is purified, combustible gas is obtained, which comprises the following steps:
s181: and sending the other part of the mixed gas after the condensation treatment to a water washing tank for water washing treatment. Wherein the cleaning agent in the water washing tank is water, and the water storage capacity of the water washing tank is 2/3-4/5 of the total volume of the water washing tank.
The cleaning agent in the water washing tank is tap water. The water content of the water washing tank is 2/3, 3/4 or 4/5 of the total volume of the water washing tank.
S182: and filtering the mixed gas after the water washing treatment to obtain the combustible gas.
The mixed gas after water washing treatment can be sent to a filtering device for filtering treatment, and the materials assembled by the filtering device can comprise an activated carbon filter element and quartz fiber cotton.
The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method 100 is characterized in that the biomass waste is subjected to low-temperature pyrolysis treatment in batches and in batches, and the steps of drying treatment, first pyrolysis reaction, second pyrolysis reaction, hot gas condensation, secondary combustion, waste heat recovery and the like are combined, so that the step configuration is scientific and reasonable, a better biomass waste treatment effect can be obtained, the added value of a product obtained after treatment is high, the energy can be recycled, the raw material pretreatment cost is saved, secondary pollution is avoided, the method is suitable for application and popularization, and the efficient recycling and energy-regeneration treatment process of the biomass waste is realized.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system provided by the present application.
In this embodiment, the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system 200 includes: a first pyrolysis reactor 10, a second pyrolysis reactor 20, a condensing device 30, and a purifying device 40.
The first pyrolysis reactor 10 is used for subjecting the dried biomass waste to a first pyrolysis reaction to obtain a primary pyrolysis waste.
The feed inlet of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is connected with the discharge outlet of the first pyrolysis reactor 10, and the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is used for performing a second pyrolysis reaction on the primarily decomposed waste, and the obtained product comprises mixed gas and biochar.
The first pyrolysis reactor 10 and the second pyrolysis reactor 20 may be assembled as an integrated closed reactor to maintain the oxygen content level of the reactors, reduce the introduction of external air during feeding and discharging, and control the processing cost when in use.
The condensing device 30 is connected to an exhaust port of the second pyrolysis reactor 20, and the condensing device 30 is configured to condense the mixed gas, so that a part of the mixed gas is converted into an oil-water mixed product after being condensed.
The condensing device 30 mainly converts the bio-oil in the mixed gas into liquid phase, thereby separating the bio-oil.
The purification device 40 is connected with the exhaust port of the condensation device 30, and the purification device 40 is used for purifying another part of the mixed gas to obtain combustible gas.
The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system 200 of the present embodiment comprises: the first pyrolysis reactor 10, the second pyrolysis reactor 20, the condensing device 30 and the purifying device 40 can perform two pyrolysis reactions on the dried biomass waste to obtain an intermediate product, wherein the intermediate product comprises mixed gas and biochar; condensing a part of mixed gas and converting the condensed mixed gas into an oil-water mixed product; the other part of mixed gas is purified to obtain combustible gas, so that the biomass waste is converted into recyclable oil-water mixed products, biochar and combustible gas, the added value of the products is high, and the recycling of resources is promoted.
Optionally, the first pyrolysis reactor 10 is provided with a first heating zone (not shown) and a second heating zone (not shown).
The first pyrolysis reactor 10 may be an electrically heated dual-temperature zone reactor, which is provided with two heating zones.
Optionally, the second pyrolysis catalytic reactor is provided with a first heating zone (not shown) and a second heating zone (not shown).
The second pyrolysis reactor 20 may be an electrically heated dual-temperature zone reactor having two heating zones.
The reaction temperature of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 is greater than the reaction temperature of the second pyrolysis catalytic reactor. The dried biomass waste is subjected to the relatively low-temperature pyrolysis treatment of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 and the relatively high-temperature pyrolysis treatment of the second pyrolysis reactor 20, and each pyrolysis treatment comprises two stages of pyrolysis reactions, so that the biomass waste can be decomposed more thoroughly, high-quality mixed gas and biochar can be obtained, and a final product with a high added value can be obtained.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 4, the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system 200 may further comprise: drying chamber 50, deodorizing device 60, buffer chamber 70, and gas generating apparatus 80.
The drying chamber 50 is used for drying the biomass waste to obtain dried biomass waste and waste gas.
The deodorization device 60 is connected to an exhaust port of the drying chamber 50, and the deodorization device 60 is used to deodorize exhaust gas.
The waste gas is discharged after deodorization, so that the pollution to the atmospheric environment can be reduced.
The inlet of the buffer chamber 70 is connected with the outlet of the drying chamber 50, the outlet of the buffer chamber 70 is connected with the inlet of the first pyrolysis reactor 10, and the buffer chamber 70 is used for storing the dried biomass waste. A gate (not shown) may be installed at a junction of the discharge port of the drying chamber 50 and the feed port of the buffer chamber 70 to control the feed amount.
One side of the buffer chamber 70 may be provided with an air inlet. The buffer chamber 70 is used for storing the dried biomass waste, and can adjust the amount of the biomass waste entering the first pyrolysis reactor 10.
An exhaust port of the gas generating device 80 is connected to an intake port of the buffer chamber 70, and the gas generating device 80 is used to generate nitrogen gas or inert gas.
A valve (not shown) may be installed at a connection between the exhaust port of the gas generating apparatus 80 and the intake port of the buffer chamber 70 so as to control the amount of intake air.
The gas generating device 80 is used to generate nitrogen gas or inert gas, and is introduced into the buffer chamber 70 to exhaust air in the buffer chamber 70 and other devices connected in series to the buffer chamber 70. When the dry biomass waste in the buffer chamber 70 reaches about 400ml to 700ml (the maximum amount of dry biomass waste is contained in the buffer chamber 70, which is determined by the capacity of the buffer chamber 70), the gate at the feed port of the buffer chamber 70 can be closed, after the airtightness of the system is detected, the air inlet of the buffer chamber 70 is opened, and nitrogen or inert gas is introduced to exhaust the air in the system, so that the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor 10 and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor 20 are both less than 5%. The biomass waste is then transported in a closed manner to the first pyrolysis reactor 10 for an anaerobic pyrolysis reaction, a first pyrolysis reaction occurs, and the primarily decomposed waste is then transported to the second pyrolysis reactor 20 for a second pyrolysis reaction.
Alternatively, the condensing apparatus 30 may include two condensers 32 and a U-shaped flow divider 33, and both ends of the U-shaped flow divider 33 are connected in series with the two condensers 32, respectively.
The U-shaped flow divider 33 is in a bent pipe shape, a liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the U-shaped flow divider 33, and the oil-water mixed product is discharged into the oil-water separation tank 31 through the liquid outlet. A valve (not shown) may be installed at the connection between the condenser 32 and the oil-water separation tank 31.
Alternatively, the purification apparatus 40 may include: a water wash tank 41 and a filtration device 42.
An air inlet of the water washing tank 41 is connected with an air outlet of the condensing device 30, and the water washing tank 41 is used for washing the other part of the mixed gas.
An air inlet of one condenser 32 is connected to an air outlet of the second pyrolysis reactor 20, and an air outlet of the other condenser 32 is connected to an air inlet of the water washing tank 41.
The cleaning agent in the water washing tank 41 is tap water. The water storage amount of the water washing tank 41 is 2/3, 3/4, or 4/5 of the total volume of the water washing tank 41.
The top of the water washing tank 41 is provided with a threaded opening, can be disassembled for cleaning, and can be a part of a closed system after being assembled.
An air inlet of the filtering device 42 is connected with an air outlet of the water washing tank 41, and the filtering device 42 is used for filtering the mixed gas. The materials of construction of the filter apparatus 42 may include activated carbon filter elements and quartz fiber wool.
Optionally, the biomass waste thermocatalytic reforming system 200 may further comprise a combustion chamber 91 and a heat exchanger 92.
An air inlet of the combustion chamber 91 is connected with an air outlet of the water washing tank 41, and the combustion chamber 91 is used for combusting combustible gas to obtain combusted gas.
The heat exchanger 92 is connected to an exhaust port of the combustion chamber 91, collects heat of the burned gas, and recycles the heat to at least one of the drying chamber 50, the first pyrolysis reactor 10, and the second pyrolysis reactor 20.
The bottom of the drying chamber 50 may include a thermal circulation water pipe 51, and the thermal circulation water pipe 51 is connected to a heat exchanger 92.
Optionally, the biomass waste thermal catalytic reforming system 200 may further include two spiral conveying columns 12, and the first pyrolysis reactor 10 is provided with one spiral blade conveying port 13 at each end.
Two spiral conveying columns 12 are respectively inserted from spiral blade conveying openings 13 at two ends of the first pyrolysis reactor 10, and the tail ends of the two spiral conveying columns 12 can be embedded and butted to form a spiral blade conveying column through integral assembly. One end of the spiral blade conveying column is provided with a gear (not shown), and the gear is connected with a chain (not shown) and a motor (not shown), so that the spiral blade conveying column is driven to rotate to propel materials.
The interface between the first pyrolysis reactor 10 and the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is provided with a high temperature gasket (not shown) and can be assembled into an integral closed reactor.
Optionally, the biomass waste thermocatalytic reforming system 200 may further comprise a carbon storage chamber 93.
The discharge port of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 may be connected to the feed port of the char storage chamber 93. A screw conveyer 931 may be installed in the charcoal storage chamber 93.
The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system 200 of the present embodiment can be used to implement the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method 100 of the above-described embodiments. For the specific use method and application of the biomass waste thermal catalytic recombination system 200, reference may be made to the description in the above-mentioned embodiment of the biomass waste thermal catalytic recombination method 100, which is not repeated herein.
The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method 100 and the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system 200 provided by the present application are specifically described below with reference to experimental data:
example 1:
the method 100 for thermocatalytic recombination of biomass waste comprises the following steps:
the biomass waste is placed in a drying chamber 50 for drying, the temperature of the drying chamber 50 is controlled at 70 ℃, the dried biomass waste is conveyed to a feed port of a buffer chamber 70 by a conveyor belt to be conveyed into the buffer chamber 70, and exhaust gas generated after drying is discharged into a deodorization device 60.
And (3) closing the gate at the feeding position when the dried biomass waste in the buffer chamber 70 reaches about 600ml, opening the air inlet to introduce nitrogen for 8min after detecting the air tightness of the system until the air in the system is completely discharged (the oxygen content is lower than 5%). And then, the biomass waste is hermetically conveyed into the first pyrolysis reactor 10 to carry out a first pyrolysis reaction, the reaction temperature of a first heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 in which the primary decomposition occurs is set to be 200 ℃, the reaction temperature of a second heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 is set to be 300 ℃, and the reaction residence time of each temperature area is 20 min.
And then conveying the primary pyrolysis waste into a second pyrolysis reactor 20 through a spiral conveying column 12 to perform secondary pyrolysis on the primary pyrolysis waste, wherein the reaction temperature of a first heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is set to be 450 ℃, the reaction temperature of a second heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is set to be 600 ℃, the reaction residence time of each temperature area is 40min, the main products are mixed gas and biochar, the biochar is discharged from a carbon storage chamber 93, and the mixed gas enters a condensing device 30 from an exhaust port above the second pyrolysis reactor 20.
The mixed gas is condensed by the condensing device 30, one part of the mixed gas is converted into an oil-water mixed product and enters the oil-water separation tank 31, and the other part of the mixed gas passes through the water washing tank 41 and the filtering device 42 and then enters the combustion chamber 91 for combustion.
After the mixed gas is combusted in the combustion chamber 91, the generated gas enters the heat exchanger 92, a part of heat is converted and recycled to the drying chamber 50 for drying the raw material, and the other part of gas is discharged.
The biomass waste is subjected to the process to produce high value-added products of biochar, bio-oil and combustible gas (synthesis gas). Specific performance parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 high value-added product Properties
As can be seen from Table 1, the biomass waste treated by the method and the system provided by the application can be effectively converted into solid, liquid and gas products with high added values, and the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of the biomass waste are realized.
Example 2:
the method 100 for thermocatalytic recombination of biomass waste comprises the following steps:
the biomass waste is placed in a drying chamber 50 for drying, the temperature of the drying chamber 50 is controlled at 105 ℃, the dried biomass waste is conveyed to a feed port of a buffer chamber 70 by a conveyor belt to be conveyed into the buffer chamber 70, and exhaust gas generated after drying is discharged into a deodorization device 60.
When the dried biomass waste in the buffer chamber 70 reaches about 700ml, the gate at the feeding part is closed, and after the airtightness of the system is detected, the air inlet is opened to introduce nitrogen for 5min until the air in the system is completely discharged (the oxygen content is lower than 5%). And then, the biomass waste is hermetically conveyed into the first pyrolysis reactor 10 to carry out a first pyrolysis reaction, the reaction temperature of a first heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 in which the primary decomposition occurs is set to 300 ℃, the reaction temperature of a second heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 is set to 450 ℃, and the reaction residence time of each temperature area is 15 min.
And then conveying the primary pyrolysis waste into a second pyrolysis reactor 20 through a spiral conveying column 12 to perform secondary pyrolysis on the primary pyrolysis waste, wherein the reaction temperature of a first heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is set to be 600 ℃, the reaction temperature of a second heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is set to be 730 ℃, the reaction residence time of each temperature area is 30min, the main products are mixed gas and biochar, the biochar is discharged from a carbon storage chamber 93, and the mixed gas enters a condensing device 30 from an exhaust port above the second pyrolysis reactor 20.
The mixed gas is condensed by the condensing device 30, one part of the mixed gas is converted into an oil-water mixed product and enters the oil-water separation tank 31, and the other part of the mixed gas passes through the water washing tank 41 and the filtering device 42 and then enters the combustion chamber 91 for combustion.
After the mixed gas is combusted in the combustion chamber 91, the generated gas enters the heat exchanger 92, a part of heat is converted and recycled to the drying chamber 50 for drying the raw material, and the other part of gas is discharged.
The biomass waste is subjected to the process to produce high value-added products of biochar, bio-oil and combustible gas (synthesis gas). Specific performance parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 high value-added product Properties
As can be seen from Table 2, the biomass waste treated by the method and the system provided by the application can be effectively converted into solid, liquid and gas products with high added values, and the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of the biomass waste are realized.
Example 3:
the method 100 for thermocatalytic recombination of biomass waste comprises the following steps:
the biomass waste is placed in a drying chamber 50 for drying, the temperature of the drying chamber 50 is controlled at 80 ℃, the dried biomass waste is conveyed to a feed port of a buffer chamber 70 by a conveyor belt to be conveyed into the buffer chamber 70, and exhaust gas generated after drying is discharged into a deodorization device 60.
When the dried biomass waste in the buffer chamber 70 reaches about 700ml, the gate at the feeding part is closed, and after the airtightness of the system is detected, the air inlet is opened to introduce nitrogen for 10min until the air in the system is completely discharged (the oxygen content is lower than 5%). And then, the biomass waste is hermetically conveyed into the first pyrolysis reactor 10 to carry out a first pyrolysis reaction, the reaction temperature of a first heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 in which the primary decomposition occurs is set to be 250 ℃, the reaction temperature of a second heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor 10 is set to be 380 ℃, and the reaction residence time of each temperature area is 20 min.
And then conveying the primary pyrolysis waste into a second pyrolysis reactor 20 through a spiral conveying column 12 to perform secondary pyrolysis on the primary pyrolysis waste, wherein the reaction temperature of a first heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is set to 530 ℃, the reaction temperature of a second heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor 20 is set to 670 ℃, the reaction residence time of each temperature area is 45min, the main products are mixed gas and biochar, the biochar is discharged from a carbon storage chamber 93, and the mixed gas enters a condensing device 30 from an exhaust port above the second pyrolysis reactor 20.
The mixed gas is condensed by the condensing device 30, one part of the mixed gas is converted into an oil-water mixed product and enters the oil-water separation tank 31, and the other part of the mixed gas passes through the water washing tank 41 and the filtering device 42 and then enters the combustion chamber 91 for combustion.
After the mixed gas is combusted in the combustion chamber 91, the generated gas enters the heat exchanger 92, a part of heat is converted and recycled to the drying chamber 50 for drying the raw material, and the other part of gas is discharged.
The biomass waste is subjected to the process to produce high value-added products of biochar, bio-oil and combustible gas (synthesis gas). Specific performance parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 3 high value-added product Properties
As can be seen from Table 3, the biomass waste treated by the method and the system provided by the application can be effectively converted into solid, liquid and gas products with high added values, and the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of the biomass waste are realized.
According to the biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination method, dried biomass waste is conveyed to a first pyrolysis reactor to carry out a first pyrolysis reaction, so that primary pyrolysis waste is obtained; conveying the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%, and the dried biomass waste is subjected to two pyrolysis reactions to obtain an intermediate product comprising mixed gas and biochar; condensing a part of mixed gas and converting the condensed mixed gas into an oil-water mixed product; the other part of mixed gas is purified to obtain combustible gas, so that the biomass waste is converted into recyclable oil-water mixed products, biochar and combustible gas, the added value of the products is high, and the recycling of resources is promoted.
The above embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and all modifications, equivalents, and flow charts using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present disclosure or those directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are intended to be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (14)
1. A method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste, comprising:
conveying the dried biomass waste to a first pyrolysis reactor for a first pyrolysis reaction to obtain primary pyrolysis waste;
conveying the primary decomposition waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the intermediate product comprises mixed gas and biochar;
condensing the mixed gas, and converting a part of the mixed gas into an oil-water mixed product after the condensation treatment;
purifying the other part of the mixed gas to obtain combustible gas;
wherein the oxygen content in both the first pyrolysis reactor and the second pyrolysis reactor is less than 5%.
2. The method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste according to claim 1, wherein the step of transferring the dried biomass waste to a first pyrolysis reactor for a first pyrolysis reaction to obtain a primary pyrolysis waste comprises:
conveying the dried biomass waste to a first heating area of a first pyrolysis reactor to perform a first-stage pyrolysis reaction to obtain first pyrolysis waste; wherein the reaction temperature of the first heating region of the first pyrolysis reactor is 200-300 ℃, and the reaction retention time is 15-30 min;
conveying the first primary decomposition waste to a second heating area of the first pyrolysis reactor to perform a second-stage pyrolysis reaction so as to obtain primary decomposition waste; wherein the reaction temperature of the second heating region of the first pyrolysis reactor is 300-450 ℃, and the reaction retention time is 15-30 min.
3. The method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste according to claim 1, wherein said transporting the primary pyrolysis waste to a second pyrolysis reactor for a second pyrolysis reaction comprises:
conveying the primarily decomposed waste to a first heating area of the second pyrolysis reactor to perform a third section of pyrolysis reaction to obtain second pyrolysis waste; wherein the reaction temperature of the first heating region of the second pyrolysis reactor is 450-600 ℃, and the reaction retention time is 30-60 min;
conveying the second pyrolysis waste to a second heating area of a second pyrolysis reactor to perform a fourth-stage pyrolysis reaction to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the reaction temperature of the second heating region of the second pyrolysis reactor is 600-750 ℃, and the reaction retention time is 30-60 min.
4. The method of thermocatalytic recombination of biomass waste of claim 1, further comprising:
drying the biomass waste to obtain dried biomass waste and waste gas, wherein the temperature of the drying treatment is controlled to be 70-105 ℃, and the water content of the dried biomass waste is less than or equal to 10%;
and deodorizing the waste gas.
5. The method of thermocatalytic recombination of biomass waste of claim 4, further comprising:
combusting the combustible gas to obtain a combusted gas;
collecting the combusted gases and causing the combusted gases to provide heat for at least one of the drying process, the first pyrolysis reaction, and the second pyrolysis reaction.
6. The method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste according to claim 4, wherein prior to transferring the dried biomass waste to the first pyrolysis reactor for the first pyrolysis reaction, further comprising:
and continuously introducing nitrogen or inert gas for 15-30 min to discharge air in the first pyrolysis reactor and the second pyrolysis reactor, so that the oxygen content in the first pyrolysis reactor and the oxygen content in the second pyrolysis reactor are both less than 5%.
7. The method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste according to claim 1, wherein said subjecting another portion of said mixed gas to purification treatment to obtain combustible gas comprises:
sending the other part of the condensed mixed gas into a water washing tank for water washing treatment, wherein a cleaning agent in the water washing tank is water, and the water storage capacity of the water washing tank is 2/3-4/5 of the total volume of the water washing tank;
and filtering the mixed gas after the water washing treatment to obtain the combustible gas.
8. The method for thermocatalytically recombining biomass waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein said biomass waste is one or a mixture of municipal biomass waste, crop waste and livestock manure.
9. A biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system, comprising:
a first pyrolysis reactor, which is used for carrying out a first pyrolysis reaction on the dried biomass waste to obtain primary pyrolysis waste;
a feed port of the second pyrolysis reactor is connected with a discharge port of the first pyrolysis reactor, and the second pyrolysis reactor is used for carrying out second pyrolysis reaction on the primary pyrolysis waste to obtain an intermediate product; wherein the intermediate product comprises mixed gas and biochar;
the condensation equipment is connected with an exhaust port of the second pyrolysis reactor and is used for condensing the mixed gas, so that part of the mixed gas is converted into an oil-water mixed product after being condensed;
and the purifying equipment is connected with the exhaust port of the condensing equipment and is used for purifying the other part of the mixed gas to obtain combustible gas.
10. The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system of claim 9,
the first pyrolysis reactor is provided with a first heating area and a second heating area;
the second pyrolysis catalytic reactor is provided with a first heating interval and a second heating interval.
11. The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system of claim 9, further comprising:
the drying chamber is used for drying the biomass waste to obtain dried biomass waste and waste gas;
and the deodorization equipment is connected with the exhaust port of the drying chamber and is used for deodorizing the waste gas.
12. The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system of claim 11, further comprising:
the combustion chamber is used for combusting combustible gas to obtain combusted gas;
and the heat exchanger is connected with an exhaust port of the combustion chamber, collects heat of the combusted gas and recycles the heat to at least one of the drying chamber, the first pyrolysis reactor and the second pyrolysis reactor.
13. The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system of claim 11, further comprising:
the feeding hole of the buffer chamber is connected with the discharging hole of the drying chamber, the discharging hole of the buffer chamber is connected with the feeding hole of the first pyrolysis reactor, and the buffer chamber is used for storing the dried biomass waste;
and the exhaust port of the gas generating device is connected with the gas inlet of the buffer chamber, and the gas generating device is used for generating nitrogen or inert gas.
14. The biomass waste thermocatalytic recombination system of claim 9, wherein said purification device comprises:
the air inlet of the water washing tank is connected with the air outlet of the condensing equipment, and the water washing tank is used for washing the other part of the mixed gas;
and the air inlet of the filtering device is connected with the exhaust port of the water washing tank, and the filtering device is used for filtering the mixed gas.
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