CN211546415U - Combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device based on zeolite and multiple physical and chemical fields - Google Patents
Combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device based on zeolite and multiple physical and chemical fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN211546415U CN211546415U CN201921208873.6U CN201921208873U CN211546415U CN 211546415 U CN211546415 U CN 211546415U CN 201921208873 U CN201921208873 U CN 201921208873U CN 211546415 U CN211546415 U CN 211546415U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device based on zeolite and multiple physical and chemical fields, which comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a microwave generator, a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace, a condenser, a combustion furnace, a dust remover and a chimney, wherein the microwave generator is arranged at the bottom of the furnace wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace; a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is connected to a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace, a pyrolysis gas outlet of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace is connected to a condenser, pyrolysis gas is separated into product oil and non-condensable gas, the non-condensable gas enters a combustion furnace, and flue gas outlets are connected to a dust remover and are discharged through a chimney after being processed; wherein the zeolite is used as bed material of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace. The utility model has the advantages of simple accurate, the pyrolysis speed is high, the environmental protection is effectual, can extensively be applicable to the processing of urban combustible solid waste rubbish, application prospect is wider.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a combustible solid waste pyrolysis device especially relates to a combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device based on zeolite and many physical chemistry fields.
Background
Currently, solid waste disposal has been a big problem we have to face. On the one hand, as the consumption level of the public is further increased, the daily generation of solid waste is also increasing. On the other hand, with the continuous development of the urbanization process, the urban coverage area is large, and the landfill area is small. The large amount of solid waste surrounds the cities in which we live, and encourages us to have to take care of the solid waste garbage. The most common solid waste treatment modes in China are as follows: landfill, composting, incineration, and the like.
However, the above three processing methods bring about not little environmental problem. At present, China is also continuously perfecting and developing new technologies for treating solid waste garbage. Especially for combustible solid waste, the pyrolysis technology is an effective mode, the technology has high harmless degree and small occupied area, but the technology has the defects of higher operation cost, higher technical difficulty and common treatment capacity. For the common municipal solid waste, we have a way of fast pyrolysis to extract bio-oil therein for other industrial applications. Biomass thermochemical conversion technology is an important point in research on utilization of biomass energy conversion. The fast pyrolysis is a process of fast pyrolyzing biomass raw materials by adopting medium reaction temperature (400-550 ℃) and short retention time and high-speed temperature rise under the anaerobic condition, as a result, the plant raw materials are decomposed, and after the product is cooled and concentrated, the obtained liquid is dark brown bio-oil which is a mixture of 75-80% of polar organic matters and 20-25% of water by mass fraction, and the yield of the bio-oil accounts for about 80% of the absolute dry raw materials. Compared with solid fuel, the biological oil is easy to store and transport, has a calorific value more than half of that of the traditional fuel oil, and can be used as a chemical raw material to produce special chemical products such as flavoring agents for the food industry. In addition, a small amount of solid products, char and gas, are formed during pyrolysis. Compared with the traditional pyrolysis process, the fast pyrolysis is a higher-level process, and the aim of obtaining a liquid product, namely the bio-oil, with higher yield is fulfilled. The rapid pyrolysis can treat low-grade wood or agricultural and forestry wastes (such as sawdust, rice hulls, branches and other organic wastes) in a continuous process and an industrial production mode, converts the low-grade wood or the agricultural and forestry wastes into biological oil with high added value, and obtains greater benefit compared with the traditional treatment technology.
The traditional fast pyrolysis process adopts a circulating fluidized bed reactor as a pyrolysis furnace, and generally adopts quartz sand as bed material. Although the material can be heated sufficiently after the fluidized state is formed, the temperature rise rate is not so fast and the residence time is long, so that the quality and the yield of the oil product are not high. Therefore, it is necessary to develop inventions capable of saving the operation cost and improving the quality and yield of the bio-oil to solve these problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device based on zeolite and many physical chemistry fields. A microwave generator is added on the basis of a conventional fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, inert gas is introduced into the furnace, and zeolite is used as a bed material. The zeolite has wear resistance and a unique porous structure, can fully transfer heat, has good catalytic performance and can improve the quality of oil products. The microwave energy can quickly raise the temperature in the furnace, and the combustible solid waste is quickly pyrolyzed by utilizing multiple physical and chemical fields formed by the conventional circulating fluidized state coupling microwave in the pyrolysis furnace, the temperature is controlled to be about 500 ℃, the retention time is not more than 3s, and the oil product with higher quality is easily obtained. Meanwhile, the separated mixed gas is sent into a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace for catalytic pyrolysis, and the artificially synthesized zeolite is used as a catalyst, so that the catalyst has good thermal stability and high catalytic activity. And condensing the final pyrolysis gas, collecting product oil, and feeding the non-condensable gas into a combustion furnace to combust the non-condensable gas to provide heat required by pyrolysis. And (4) separating inert gases in the tail gas after treatment for recycling.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through one of following technical scheme at least.
A combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device based on zeolite and multiple physical and chemical fields comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a microwave generator, a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace, a condenser, a combustion furnace, a dust remover, a gas separation tower and a chimney; the microwave generator is arranged at the bottom of the furnace walls of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace, and a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is connected with the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace; a pyrolysis gas outlet of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace is connected to a condenser, pyrolysis gas is separated into product oil and non-condensable gas after condensation, a non-condensable gas outlet of the condenser is connected to a combustion furnace, a flue gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and a flue gas outlet of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace are connected to a dust remover, a flue gas outlet of the dust remover is connected to a gas separation tower, and a tail gas outlet of the gas separation tower is connected to a chimney for discharging tail gas; wherein the zeolite is used as bed material of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace.
Further, still include gas heat exchanger, the exhanst gas outlet of firing burning furnace is connected to fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace, provides the heat for the two, and the high temperature flue gas that the burning produced in the burning furnace is connected to gas heat exchanger earlier and is carried out the heat transfer before getting into the dust remover.
Further, the device also comprises a screw feeder and a collection chamber, wherein the screw feeder is connected to the bottom of the side wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and the collection chamber is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace to collect solid products (such as biochar).
Further, still include the product oil collection room, the product oil collection room is connected with the product oil export of condenser for collect the product oil that the condensation obtained.
And further, the device also comprises an inert gas storage chamber, the gas separation tower is connected with the inert gas storage chamber, the inert gas separated in the gas separation tower is introduced into the inert gas storage chamber, the inert gas storage chamber is connected with a gas heat exchanger to heat the inert gas, and finally, an inert gas outlet of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace.
Further, the device also comprises a cyclone separator, an inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the lower part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace through a U-shaped material returning device for returning materials, and a gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace.
Further, both the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace adopt jacket heat exchange, a heat exchange wall surface is arranged in the jacket, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion furnace enters the jacket for heat exchange.
The method for performing the fast pyrolysis on the combustible solid waste by adopting the fast pyrolysis device for the combustible solid waste comprises the following steps:
(1) a pyrolysis preparation stage: introducing inert gas into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace to form a stable fluidized state in the pyrolysis furnace;
(2) a primary pyrolysis stage: feeding materials by a screw feeder, and pyrolyzing the materials in a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace; namely, the combustible solid waste is rapidly pyrolyzed by a plurality of physical and chemical fields formed by coupling conventional circulating fluidized state in a pyrolysis furnace with microwaves;
(3) removing solid particles from pyrolysis gas generated by the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and then sending the pyrolysis gas into a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace;
(4) the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace carries out catalytic pyrolysis on the pyrolysis gas;
(5) feeding the secondary pyrolysis gas into a condenser, separating and storing the liquid product oil obtained by condensation, and feeding the non-condensable gas product into a combustion furnace;
(6) flue gas generated by the combustion furnace, the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace enters a dust remover for dust removal and then enters a gas separation tower, gas is separated into tail gas and inert gas, and the tail gas enters a chimney for emission.
Furthermore, the part of the high-temperature flue gas led out from the combustion furnace is led into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace to exchange heat between the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace, and the rest part of the high-temperature flue gas firstly enters the gas heat exchanger to exchange heat and then enters the dust remover.
Further, the inert gas used in the step (1) is CO2，CO2Has good stability as fluidizing gas, and can be used for preparing foodThe price is cheap.
Further, the inert gas used in the step (1) is CO2(ii) a The reaction temperature in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) is 450-550 ℃, and the catalytic reaction temperature in the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7) is 400-500 ℃ so as to obtain more oil products.
Further, the inert gas obtained by separation in the gas separation tower firstly enters an inert gas storage chamber, and then enters the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace after heat exchange in a gas heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the artificial zeolite porous medium is adopted as a catalyst in the furnace, so that the furnace has good thermal stability and high catalytic activity, and meanwhile, microwave is used for pyrolysis, so that the temperature is easily and rapidly increased and reasonably regulated.
Furthermore, when the heat generated by the combustion furnace is insufficient, the heat generated by the combustion of auxiliary fuel is adopted for supplement.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an advantage and effect lie in:
(1) compared with the traditional fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace adopts zeolite as a bed material, the zeolite has a porous structure, high wear resistance, strong heat conductivity and good microwave absorption effect, can effectively improve the quality of oil, can be recycled, and can improve the pyrolysis rate (the retention time is not more than 3 s);
(2) compared with the traditional fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, the microwave generator is arranged at the bottom of the furnace wall, so that the temperature can be quickly raised and effectively regulated, the pyrolysis speed and the quality of product oil are improved, and the temperature is controlled to be about 500 ℃ during quick pyrolysis;
(3) adopting a secondary pyrolysis mode, arranging artificially synthesized zeolite as a catalyst in a secondary pyrolysis furnace, and improving the pyrolysis rate by utilizing the high catalytic activity of the zeolite;
(4) the combustible solid waste is rapidly pyrolyzed by utilizing a plurality of physical and chemical fields formed by conventional circulating fluidized state coupling microwaves in the pyrolysis furnace, so that oil products with higher quality can be collected, and the method can be applied to other industries;
(5) the non-condensable gas after the combustion separation of the combustion furnace is utilized to provide heat required by the pyrolysis furnace, so that the resources are saved and fully utilized;
(6) a gas separation tower is arranged behind the dust remover, and separated inert gas is recycled, so that the economy is high;
(7) a gas heat exchanger is arranged to heat the inert gas in advance, so that the reduction of the pyrolysis rate in the pyrolysis furnace is avoided;
the utility model discloses simple accurate, the pyrolysis speed is high, the effectual advantage of environmental protection, can extensively be applicable to the processing of urban combustible solid waste rubbish, application prospect is wider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for the fast pyrolysis of combustible solid waste based on zeolite and multiple physical chemical fields;
in the figure: 1-a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace; 2-a screw feeder; 3-a microwave generator; 4-a solid product recovery chamber; 5-a cyclone separator; 6-U-shaped material returning device; 7-a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace; 8-a condenser; 9-a product oil collection chamber; 10-a combustion furnace; 11-inert gas storage chamber; 12-a gas heat exchanger; 13 a dust remover; 14-an inert gas separation column; 15-chimney.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model discloses an apparatus diagram of combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis based on zeolite and many physical and chemical fields, including fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1, screw feeder 2, microwave generator 3, collection room 4, cyclone 5, secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7, condenser 8, product oil collection room 9, fire burning furnace 10, inert gas storage room 11, gas heat exchanger 12, dust remover 13, gas separation tower 14 and chimney 15, microwave generator 3 sets up in the oven bottom of fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1 and secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7; the screw feeder 2 is connected to the bottom of the side wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1, the collection chamber 4 is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1 to collect solid products, an inlet of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet on the side wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1, the U-shaped material returning device 6 at the bottom is connected to the lower part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1 to return materials, a gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to the lower part of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7, the pyrolysis gas outlet of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7 is connected to the condenser 8, the pyrolysis gas is separated into product oil and non-condensable gas after being condensed, the product oil enters the product oil collection chamber 9, the non-condensable gas enters the combustion furnace 10, part of high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion furnace 10 enters the jacket layers of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1 and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7 to provide heat for the two, and the rest of high-.
Outlets of the flue gas at the top of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1 and the flue gas at the top of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7 are both connected to a dust remover 13, a flue gas outlet of the dust remover 13 is connected to a gas inlet of a gas separation tower 14, and tail gas obtained after separation enters a chimney 15 for emission; the inert gas obtained by the separation in the gas separation tower 14 circularly flows back to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1, and the inert gas firstly enters the inert gas storage chamber 11, then enters the gas heat exchanger 12 to exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion furnace 10, and then enters the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1.
Wherein the zeolite is used as bed material of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1, and inert gas is introduced into the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1.
The method for the fast pyrolysis of the combustible solid waste comprises the following specific steps:
(1) a pyrolysis preparation stage: introducing inert gas CO into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 12So that the fluidized bed material and the bed material form a stable fluidized state; wherein CO is2The raw materials are heated by the gas heat exchanger 12 and then are sent into the furnace;
(2) starting primary pyrolysis: common corn straws are used as materials, and after the materials are sent into the furnace by the screw feeder 2, the combustible solid waste is rapidly pyrolyzed by utilizing a plurality of physical and chemical fields formed by conventional circulating fluidized state coupling microwaves in the pyrolysis furnace. The microwave generated by the microwave generator 3 can quickly raise the temperature, the temperature is easy to regulate, the temperature is controlled to be 450-550 ℃ during pyrolysis, and the solid generated by pyrolysis is sent out from the bottom.
(3) And (3) a separation process: and (3) feeding a mixed product generated by pyrolysis into a cyclone separator 5 from the top for separation, feeding the obtained mixed solid into the pyrolysis furnace 1 through a U-shaped material returning device 6, and feeding the rest mixed gas into a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7.
(4) The secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7 is used for carrying out catalytic pyrolysis on the mixed gas, the artificially synthesized zeolite porous medium is used as a catalyst in the furnace, the zeolite porous medium has good thermal stability and high catalytic activity, microwave is used for pyrolysis at the same time, the temperature is easy to regulate and control, and the temperature is controlled to be 400-500 ℃ during catalytic pyrolysis.
(5) And (3) sending the secondary pyrolysis gas into a condenser 8, sending the liquid product oil obtained by condensation into a product oil collecting chamber 9 for storage, and sending the non-condensable gas product into a combustion furnace 10.
(6) The high-temperature flue gas led out from the combustion furnace 10 provides heat required by the pyrolysis furnace and the gas heat exchanger 12, and when the heat is insufficient, the heat generated by combustion of auxiliary fuel is used for supplement.
(7) The flue gas after heat utilization is firstly introduced into a dust remover 13 for dust removal treatment, the inert gas in the flue gas is separated for cyclic utilization, and finally the waste gas is discharged.
Further, the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 1 and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace 7 are both insulated by outer layers, and high-temperature flue gas is introduced into a jacket for heating.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device based on zeolite and multiple physical and chemical fields is characterized by comprising a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1), a microwave generator (3), a secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7), a condenser (8), a combustion furnace (10), a dust remover (13), a gas separation tower (14) and a chimney (15); the microwave generator (3) is arranged at the bottoms of the furnace walls of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7), and a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) is connected with the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7); a pyrolysis gas outlet of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7) is connected to the condenser (8), pyrolysis gas is separated into product oil and non-condensable gas after condensation, a non-condensable gas outlet of the condenser (8) is connected to the combustion furnace (10), a flue gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) and a flue gas outlet of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7) are connected to the dust remover (13), a flue gas outlet of the dust remover (13) is connected to the gas separation tower (14), and a tail gas outlet of the gas separation tower (14) is connected to the chimney (15); wherein the zeolite is used as bed material of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1).
2. The combustible solid waste rapid pyrolysis device according to claim 1, further comprising a gas heat exchanger (12), wherein a flue gas outlet of the combustion furnace (10) is connected to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7) to provide heat for the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace, and residual high temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion furnace (10) is connected to the gas heat exchanger (12) for heat exchange before entering the dust remover (13).
3. The combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a screw feeder (2) and a collection chamber (4), the screw feeder (2) being connected to a bottom of a sidewall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1), the collection chamber (4) being connected to a bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) to collect the solid product.
4. The combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising an inert gas storage chamber (11), wherein an inert gas outlet of the gas separation tower (14) is connected to the inert gas storage chamber (11), the inert gas storage chamber (11) is connected to the gas heat exchanger (12) to heat the inert gas, and finally the inert gas outlet of the gas heat exchanger (12) is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1).
5. The combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a cyclone separator (5), wherein an inlet of the cyclone separator (5) is connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1), a bottom of the cyclone separator (5) is connected to a lower part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) through a U-shaped return feeder (6) for returning, and a gas outlet of the cyclone separator (5) is connected to the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7).
6. The apparatus for the rapid pyrolysis of combustible solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1) and the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7) both adopt jacket heat exchange, and high temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion furnace (10) enters the jacket for heat exchange.
7. The combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inside of the secondary catalytic pyrolysis furnace (7) adopts artificially synthesized zeolite as a catalyst.
8. The combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: using inert gas CO in a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (1)2As a fluidizing gas.
9. The combustible solid waste fast pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a product oil collecting chamber (9), wherein the product oil collecting chamber (9) is connected with a product oil outlet of the condenser (8) and is used for collecting the product oil obtained by condensation.
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| CN110437856A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of combustible solid wastes by utilizing rapid pyrolysis method and device based on zeolite porous media and more physical chemistry fields |
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| CN110437856A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of combustible solid wastes by utilizing rapid pyrolysis method and device based on zeolite porous media and more physical chemistry fields |
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