CN111116574B - 一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN111116574B
CN111116574B CN201911356863.1A CN201911356863A CN111116574B CN 111116574 B CN111116574 B CN 111116574B CN 201911356863 A CN201911356863 A CN 201911356863A CN 111116574 B CN111116574 B CN 111116574B
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汤立军
周磊
钟克利
边延江
侯淑华
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Abstract

一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,该荧光探针结构式如下:
Figure DDA0002336163750000011
制备方法是:将5‑甲基‑3‑(2′‑苯并噻唑基)‑4‑羟基苯甲醛和2‑吡啶乙腈鎓碘化物溶于绝对乙醇中,加入哌啶,将混合物加热回流6h,冷却后过滤沉淀,然后将固体用乙醇重结晶,得到黄色固体,即为探针(Z)‑2‑(2‑(3‑(2′‑苯并噻唑基)‑4‑羟基‑5‑甲基苯基)‑1‑氰基乙烯基)‑1‑甲基吡啶‑1‑碘化物。优点是:本发明荧光探针具有优异的粘度检测性能、优良的抗干扰能力以及良好的线粒体靶向定位功能,可以用于线粒体、细胞、动物组织器官、以及小鼠活体粘度变化的监测,在生物体粘度检测领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针及其制备方法和 应用
技术领域
本发明涉及功能材料领域,特别涉及一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
细胞粘度是一种重要的微环境参数,在信号传递以及生物分子间的相互作用中起着重要作用。线粒体粘度的异常会引起相应的生理功能的改变或疾病的发生,因此,精确测量活细胞线粒体内局部微粘度的变化具有重要意义。用荧光探针手段检测生物体内粘度变化是当前研究的热点领域之一,可以克服传统粘度测量装置只能用于宏观流体,无法可视化监测生物体中微环境粘度变化的缺点,近年来受到了普遍关注。
尽管目前已有较多对粘度响应的荧光探针被报道,但是绝大所数已经报导的粘度响应荧光探针存在发射波长短,无法检测特定细胞器粘度,在低粘度介质中仍存在荧光干扰,无法实现从亚细胞器-细胞-器官-活体的全方位粘度检测等缺点。本发明设计的粘度荧光探针则克服了以上所述缺陷,具有很高的实用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
本发明实现上述目的所采取的具体技术方案为:
一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针,所述荧光探针具有线粒体靶向定位功能,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002336163730000011
一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的制备方法,按如下步骤进行:
将269mg 5-甲基-3-(2′-苯并噻唑基)-4-羟基苯甲醛和260mg 2-吡啶乙腈鎓碘化物溶于10mL绝对乙醇中,加入20μL哌啶,将混合物加热回流6h,冷却后过滤沉淀,然后将固体用乙醇重结晶,即得荧光探针。
一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度测试中的应用。
进一步的,所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度测试中的应用,所述检测为荧光检测、目视定性检测或细胞成像检测。
进一步的,所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度测试中的应用,荧光探针应用于溶液时的激发波长为399nm,应用于细胞时激发波长为405nm,发射波长为593nm。
进一步的,所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度测试中的应用,其特征在于,所述细胞成像检测为乳腺癌细胞MCF-7成像检测。
一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在生物体系粘度测试中的应用,所述荧光探针对动物组织器官以及小鼠活体粘度变化的荧光成像。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针合成方法简单,产物分离提纯过程容易。该粘度荧光探针含有2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑亚结构,因此具有激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)性质,同时该探针具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质,“ESIPT+AIE”性质的综合作用有利于探针的长波长发射。该探针对粘度的响应具有优异的抗干扰能力,可在活细胞线粒体、细胞、器官组织以及小鼠活体中灵敏的监测粘度变化。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的高分辨质谱(HRMS)图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的荧光强度随粘度变化图;
图5是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在波长593nm处荧光强度的对数值(log I593)和粘度的对数值(logη)的线性关系图;
图6是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在不同比例体积分数的甘油/甲醇混合体系中的荧光量子效率图;
图7是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在不同比例体积分数的甘油/甲醇混合体系中的荧光寿命图;
图8是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针和探针加10倍干扰物的紫外-可见光光谱;
图9是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在干扰物存在下,在甲醇和甲醇/甘油2:8溶液中593nm波长处的荧光强度;
图10是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在纯甲醇和含80%甘油的甲醇溶液中593nm处的荧光强度变化;
图11是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的细胞毒性图;
图12是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的MCF-7细胞成像图;
图13是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在MCF-7与Mon,Nys,LPS作用后的细胞流式结果图;
图14是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在MCF-7细胞中线粒体定位图;
图15是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在小鼠活体中的荧光成像图;
图16是本发明实施例提供的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在小鼠器官肺中的荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的阐明,以便更好的理解本发明。
实施例
(1)合成具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的反应式:
Figure BDA0002336163730000031
(2)合成具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的具体步骤:
将269mg 5-甲基-3-(2′-苯并噻唑基)-4-羟基苯甲醛和260mg 2-吡啶乙腈甲基鎓盐溶于10mL绝对乙醇中,加入20微升哌啶,将混合物加热回流6h,其中加热回流温度为78℃,冷却后过滤沉淀,然后将固体用乙醇重结晶,即得到具有线粒体靶向定位功能的粘度荧光探针,收率为39%。熔点:249.3-250.7℃。核磁和高分辨质谱分析结果如图1-3所示。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.21(s,1H),9.15(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),8.72(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.60(s,1H),8.37(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.20(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.08(s,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.62(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.54(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.44(s,3H),2.34(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.7,154.9,151.3,149.4,148.2,146.7,135.4,133.3,130.6,129.8,128.1,128.0,127.7,126.6,123.0,122.6,117.3,116.2,47.4,16.5.HRMS(ESI-):Calcd for C23H17IN3OS[M-H]-,510.0137;Found:510.0188.
一、探针在不同粘度溶液中的荧光测试
我们使用甲醇/甘油混合溶剂,调配出不同粘度的溶液,各取2mL加入20μL浓度为1mM的探针的DMSO溶液,进行荧光测试,并记录荧光光谱。如图4所示,随着粘度的增加,探针在波长593nm处的荧光逐渐增强。当甘油组分达到80%时(粘度值为323cp)荧光强度达到最大。同时,我们将探针在波长593nm处荧光强度的对数值(log I593)和粘度的对数值(logη)进行线性拟合,如图5所示,两者具有良好的线性关系,相关系数R2=0.997,表明探针可以定量确定溶液的粘度。
二、探针在不同粘度溶液中的荧光量子产率和荧光寿命测试
荧光量子效率测试结果如图6所示,随着甘油体积分数的增加,探针溶液的荧光量子产率逐渐增加。当甘油体积分数为80%时,探针在含80%甘油的甲醇溶液中的荧光量子产率是探针在纯甲醇溶液中量子效率的212倍。荧光寿命测试结果如图7所示,随着甘油体积分数的增加,探针的荧光寿命也随着增加。以上结果表明所述探针可敏感响应粘度变化。
三、探针的抗干扰实验
我们选用了可能对探针产生影响的潜在干扰物(HS-,S2-,S2O3 2-,CN-,NO2 -,Gsh,Hcy,Cys,H2O2,HClO),测试了在10μM探针的甲醇溶液中加入100μM干扰物的紫外吸收光谱。如图8所示,在探针溶液中加其他干扰物的紫外吸收光谱没有明显变化,说明其他干扰物的存在并不会对探针的结构产生影响。随后,我们又测试了在干扰物存在下探针在甲醇和甲醇/甘油2:8溶液中的荧光光谱,并记录探针在波长为593nm处的荧光强度(λex=399nm,),如图9所示,在甲醇溶液中,有无干扰物存在,探针均无荧光;而在甲醇/甘油2:8溶液中,即使有干扰物存在,探针仍然具有强荧光,并且和无干扰物存在的情况下的荧光强度基本一致,表明这些干扰物的存在并不会对探针的粘度响应产生影响,体现了探针优异的抗干扰能力。
四、探针的稳定性实验
分别配制2mL探针的纯甲醇溶液(10μM)和含80%甘油的甲醇溶液(10μM),用荧光光谱仪记录光谱数据。如图10所示,在60min内,探针L的荧光强度仅有微小变化,证明探针具有很好的光稳定性。
五、药物刺激下细胞的粘度变化实验
我们考察了探针在活细胞中的成像效果。根据图11的细胞毒性测试数据可知,探针对MCF-7细胞的毒性很低。随后,我们用三种可能引起细胞粘度发生变化的物质莫能菌素(Mon)、制霉菌素(Nys)和脂多糖(LPS)刺激细胞,并用探针检测细胞粘度的变化情况。我们将浓度分别为100μg/mL,10μM,10μM的LPS,Mon,Nys加入细胞孵育1h,然后加入探针,15min后测定。结果如图12所示,单独用探针处理的MCF-7细胞在红色通道中显示弱荧光。而用Mon,Nys和LPS刺激后再加入探针共孵育的细胞,红色荧光明显增强。这些结果表明探针可用于检测活细胞中粘度的变化。为进一步验证探针可对细胞粘度变化发生响应,利用细胞流式仪检测了单个细胞在不同处理下荧光强度的变化。如图13所示,MCF-7细胞分别经LPS,Mon,Nys处理后,细胞粘度均发生改变,细胞的荧光强度都有不同程度的增强,进一步说明了探针对粘度变化会有显著的响应。
六、细胞共定位成像实验
为了考察探针对线粒体的定位效果,我们开展了细胞共定位成像实验。如图14所示,用探针和商业的线粒体染料(绿色)对MCF-7细胞进行共染色,细胞用共聚焦显微镜进行荧光成像(λex=405nm)细胞在红色通道和绿色通道中分别显示出强的荧光(图14B和14C)。我们将两个通道的图像进行叠加,发现两个图像复合程度良好(图14D)。在线粒体区域内,探针和线粒体绿复合染色的MCF-7细胞在两个通道中的荧光强度的变化趋势基本同步(图14E)。而且,红色通道和绿色通道的强度散点图具有很高的重合度(图14F),其Pearson相关系数达到了0.81。以上结果表明,探针可以靶向细胞线粒体。
七、探针在小鼠体内的荧光成像
先分别向C57BL小鼠腹腔注射Mon,Nys,LPS和对照生理盐水,然后分别通过尾静脉注射探针监测小鼠体内粘度的变化。如图15所示,对照组1小时后腹腔注射部位无荧光,而Mon,Nys,LPS组的小鼠则显示出强烈的荧光,一方面表明Mon、Nys和LPS可以不同程度引起小鼠机体体液粘度变化,另一方面表明探针通过尾静脉注射可以靶向检测这种体液粘度的变化。为了进一步探究这种粘度变化与组织病变是否相关,对小鼠器官肺进行了荧光成像检测。结果显示小鼠肺部有不同程度的荧光成像,见图16。其中LPS组成像强度较强,这与文献报导LPS易引起肺部炎症相符。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针具有线粒体靶向定位功能,其结构式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
2.一种如权利要求1所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法按如下步骤进行:
将269mg 5-甲基-3-(2′-苯并噻唑基)-4-羟基苯甲醛和260mg 2-吡啶乙腈鎓碘化物溶于10mL 绝对乙醇中,加入20μL哌啶,将混合物加热回流6 h,冷却后过滤沉淀,然后将固体用乙醇重结晶,即得荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度检测中的应用,所述应用为非疾病诊断和非疾病治疗目的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度检测中的应用,其特征在于,所述检测为荧光检测、目视定性检测或细胞成像检测,所述应用为非疾病诊断和非疾病治疗目的。
5.根据权利要求3所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度检测中的应用,其特征在于,荧光探针应用于溶液时的激发波长为399nm,应用于细胞时激发波长为405nm,发射波长为593nm,所述应用为非疾病诊断和非疾病治疗目的。
6.根据权利要求4所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在水溶液和生物体系粘度检测中的应用,其特征在于,所述细胞成像检测为乳腺癌细胞MCF-7成像检测,所述应用为非疾病诊断和非疾病治疗目的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有线粒体靶向功能的粘度荧光探针在生物体系粘度检测中的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针通过荧光成像检测动物组织器官以及小鼠活体粘度变化,所述应用为非疾病诊断和非疾病治疗目的。
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