CN111108294B - 铆钉连接装置和用于建立铆钉连接的方法 - Google Patents

铆钉连接装置和用于建立铆钉连接的方法 Download PDF

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CN111108294B
CN111108294B CN201880061228.8A CN201880061228A CN111108294B CN 111108294 B CN111108294 B CN 111108294B CN 201880061228 A CN201880061228 A CN 201880061228A CN 111108294 B CN111108294 B CN 111108294B
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U·摩尔曼
S·弗里德里希
E·布鲁克纳
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    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/607—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being hollow
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    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
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    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
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    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
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    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
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    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/05—Bolts fastening by swaged-on collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/06—Solid rivets made in one piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • F16B5/045—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting without the use of separate rivets
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    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有空心铆钉的铆钉连接装置，其中，空心铆钉由塑料制成并且将第一构件(100)与第二构件(200)连接，其中，第一构件具有第一表面(101)，第二构件具有第二表面(202)和第三表面(203)，其中，第一构件(100)的第一表面(101)和第二构件(200)的第二表面(202)彼此贴靠，第二构件(200)具有在第二表面(202)与第三表面(203)之间的第一开口(201)，其中，空心铆钉具有包括侧壁(310)、空腔(350)和第一端部(301)以及第二端部(302)的管状构件(300)，其中，管状构件(300)的一部分布置在第二构件(200)的第一开口(201)中，并且管状构件(300)以其第二端部(302)伸出第二构件(200)。根据本发明，管状构件(300)的侧壁(310)在第二构件(200)的第三表面(203)上方、与第一开口(201)邻近地沿着该侧壁的周部被加热和锻压并且因此形成拱起区域(320)，拱起区域(320)的一部分接触第二构件(200)的第三表面(203)。

Description

铆钉连接装置和用于建立铆钉连接的方法
本发明涉及一种铆钉连接装置和一种用于建立铆钉连接的方法。从现有技术中已知用于连接第一构件与第二构件的铆钉连接装置，其中，带有内置的销的管状铆钉插入穿过待连接的构件的开口，并且通过在销上拉动使得管状铆钉在待连接的构件之外变形，并且因此将两个构件彼此连接。这种类型的铆钉被称为所谓的盲铆钉。此外，已知铆钉连接装置，其中，由塑料材料制成的管状圆形铆钉插入穿过第一构件和第二构件的各一个开口，并且使铆钉的两个端部分别变形成铆钉头。在此，铆钉头之一可以在通过两个开口装配铆钉之前就已经形成，而第二铆钉头在将铆钉插入穿过待连接的构件的两个开口之后通过加热管端部并且在其上放置成型工具而变形，并且因此使待连接的构件彼此连接。
在管端部朝铆钉头的这种变形中，其缺点是，铆钉头在特定情况下会不充分地连接到剩余的管上。可能产生一种接缝，其对强度、外观和功能产生不利影响。其原因在于，高剪切速率下同时存在小的熔融层厚度。不能使整个铆钉头体积充分地处于塑性状态中并且避免这些关键区域。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种铆钉连接装置和一种用于建立铆钉连接的方法，其避免了上述缺点。所述目的通过具有空心铆钉的铆钉连接装置来实现，其中，空心铆钉由塑料材料制成并且将第一构件与第二构件连接，其中，第一构件具有第一表面，第二构件具有第二表面和第三表面。在此，第一构件的第一表面和第二构件的第二表面彼此贴靠。第二构件具有在第二表面与第三表面之间的第一开口，其中，空心铆钉包括具有侧壁、空腔和第一端部以及第二端部的管状构件，其中，管状构件的一部分布置在第二构件的第一开口中，并且管状构件以其第二端部伸出第二构件。根据本发明，管状构件的侧壁与第一开口邻近地在该侧壁的周部上被加热和锻压(顶锻，gestaucht)并且因此形成拱起区域，其中，拱起区域的一部分接触第二构件的第三表面。通过侧向地将能量引入侧壁中，管状构件可以直接在第二构件上方塑化，从而在锻压时，塑化的材料可以流动并且可以形成拱起区域，而不产生剪切边棱(Scherkannten)。通过所述一个或多个激光器，没有能量被直接导入第二构件中。通过将一个或多个激光器的能量从侧面向侧壁直接导入到管状构件中，第二构件被尽可能地保护。在冷却时，仅拱出材料的一部分将一部分通过塑化存储在其中的能量消散到第二构件。因此，第二构件由于热量输入而导致的应力明显小于用红外线加热铆钉端部时的应力。特别有利的是，第二构件设计为电路板，在该电路板上布置有电子构件和机电构件。第一构件例如可以设计为机电构件，该机电构件通过根据本发明的铆钉连接装置而被固定在作为第二构件的电路板上。在根据本发明的方法中，铆钉的侧壁在待连接的工件的侧上方借助于至少一个激光器从侧面起在该侧壁的周部上被加热直至塑化，并且随后从上方、即从管状构件的第二端部朝向第三表面的方向借助于成型工具(变形工具，Umformwerkzeuges)锻压。
如果塑料材料包含炭黑颗粒，则一个或多个激光器的能量可以被特别好地吸收并且可加速塑化。
如果管状构件设计为第一构件的一部分，则明显降低了装配费用。
但是铆钉也可以设计为仅具有该功能的单独的构件。随后，管状构件或管状构件的延长部在其第一端部上具有扩展部，该扩展部有利地在铆钉的生产中已经成形。此外，第一构件还具有第四表面，其中，在第一表面与第四表面之间存在第二开口，管状构件或管状构件的延长部被引导穿过该第二开口。
管状构件和第一开口或第一和第二开口分别有利地设计为圆形的，这是因为这样特别容易实现均匀的塑化。然而，椭圆形的或多边形的设计方案也是可能的。由此，即使在仅存在一个铆钉连接时也有利地实现了防扭转保护。
当成型工具具有在管状构件的空腔中被引导的芯轴时，防止了在锻压时塑化的材料可侵入空腔中的情况，由此便于管状构件向外隆起/拱出。这种情况通过以下方式被特别有效地防止：芯轴在加热之前就已经被导入空腔中。
通过使激光器和铆钉相对彼此运动，可以特别均匀地进行加热。
如果存在至少两个激光器，则可以减少用于加热管状构件所需的时间。由此，也可以整体上提高塑化的质量并且由此提高铆钉连接的质量。此外，减少了所需的相对彼此的运动。因此，在两个存在的激光器——铆钉布置在这两个激光器之间——的情况下，铆钉或激光器仅必须相对于激光器或相对于铆钉转动180°。此外，可以通过镜面系统、特别是抛物面镜使一个或多个激光器的射束这样转向，即使得管状构件可以沿着其整个周部被塑化。在使用至少两个所谓的线激光器时，可以省去管状构件与激光器之间的相对运动。在使用例如两个所谓的线激光器时，管状构件的周部的各180°可以被照射和加热，使得管状构件的整个周部塑化。
如果管状构件设计为第一构件的一部分，则可以降低用于铆钉连接装置的装配费用，这是因为需要至少一个构件或在具有多个铆钉连接装置的构件的情况下需要的多个构件的数量减少并且也简化了这样的铆接过程。
下面根据附图详细说明本发明。图中示出：
图1示出待连接的构件的剖面，这些构件已经被插接在一起，
图2示出图1中的构件处于铆接状态下的剖面，
图3示出图1中的构件的略微变型的剖面，
图4示出图3中的构件处于铆接状态下的剖面，
图5示出根据本发明的实施例的原理草图，其具有两个待连接的且待根据本发明借助于两个激光器进行加热的构件；
图6示出在对塑化的铆钉进行锻压之后图5中的实施例的原理草图，
图7示出根据本发明的另一实施例处于铆接状态下的剖面。
在图1中可以看到第一构件100和第二构件200。管状构件300设计为第一构件100的一部分。管状构件的横截面呈环形地设计，侧壁310包围空腔350。管状构件300具有第一端部301和第二端部302，其中，第二端部302距离第一构件100的第一表面101最远。第一构件还具有第四表面104，该第四表面平行于第一表面101，其中，所述平行不是强制必需的。第二构件具有第二表面202、第三表面203和第一开口201，管状构件300插入穿过该第一开口，从而第一开口201在图1中被管状构件300遮盖，其中，第一开口的直径有利地略大于管状构件的外直径，从而在这些构件之间有利地形成间隙配合。第二构件200以其第二侧202贴靠在第一构件100的第一侧101上。
图2与图1的区别在于，管状构件300的侧壁310沿着所述构件300的周部在第一构件的第三表面203上方在该构件的壁310上被加热并且随后从上方被这样锻压，使得形成拱起区域320，该拱起区域部分地接触第二构件的第三表面203，管状构件300的第二端部302现在更靠近第二构件200的第三表面。
图3与图1的区别在于，第二构件200具有更大的高度，并且管状构件被相应地适配，以便使该管状构件仍然伸出第二构件200的第三表面。管状构件通过延长部303与第一构件100连接。原则上管状构件也可以设计成延伸至第一构件的第一表面101，这对位于第二构件的第三表面上方的管状构件的可变形性没有影响。然而，使用延长部303使得连接更稳定且更容易建立，这是因为空腔350不会具有过大的尺寸。
在图4中，壁310成型为具有拱起区域320，从而实现第一构件100与第二构件200之间的铆钉连接。关于图2的实施方案相应地适用。
在图5中，除了具有管状构件300的第一构件100和具有第三表面203的第二构件200之外，还可以看到具有芯轴401的成型工具400和两个激光器500。激光器500在第二构件200的第三表面203上方朝管状构件300的侧壁310发射激光束501。在此，激光器相对于管状构件300转动，使得侧壁310沿着其整个周部被这样长时间地加热，直至侧壁310的位于第二构件200的第三表面上方且位于管状构件的第二端部302下方的区域完全塑化，并且随后如在图6中所示，通过使成型工具400朝向第二构件200的第三表面的方向运动来锻压侧壁，使得产生拱起区域320，所述拱起区域部分地接触第二构件200的第三表面203，并且在拱起区域冷却之后实现铆钉连接。在图5和图6中所示的具有两个激光器500的实施例中，激光器必须相对于管状构件300转动180°，以便能够塑化管状构件300的侧壁310的整个周部；在仅存在一个激光器的情况下则需要相对转动360°。但是，使用唯一一个激光器需要较长的时间，直至侧壁310在第二构件200上方的区域被塑化。也可能的是，将一个或多个激光器保留在其位置中并且相应地转动管状构件300，使得侧壁310被充分地塑化。在使用至少两个所谓的线激光器时，可以免去管状构件300与激光器500之间的相对运动。例如在使用两个所谓的线激光器时，管状构件的周部的180°可以分别被照射和加热，从而使管状构件的整个周部塑化。在图2、图4和图6中可以看出，在管状构件300的第二端部302处的侧壁310的一部分保持其初始形状，这是因为该区域没有被塑化。成型工具400的芯轴401防止在锻压过程之前和期间侧壁310的塑化的材料到达空腔350中。因此，塑化的材料完全用于形成拱起区域320。
图7中的铆钉连接装置与图4中的铆钉连接装置的区别在于，管状构件和延长部设计为单独的空心铆钉360，该空心铆钉还具有扩展部330。为了使单独的空心铆钉360能够将第一构件100与第二构件200彼此连接，第一构件具有第二开口，其中，单独的空心铆钉插入穿过第二构件的第一开口201和第一构件100的第二开口，直至扩展部330接触第一构件的第四表面，随后进行铆接，如之前关于图1至图6所描述的那样。

Claims (14)

1.一种具有空心铆钉的铆钉连接装置，其中，所述空心铆钉由塑料材料制成并且将第一构件（100）与第二构件（200）连接，其中，第一构件具有第一表面（101），第二构件具有第二表面（202）和第三表面（203），其中，第一构件（100）的第一表面（101）和第二构件（200）的第二表面（202）彼此贴靠，第二构件（200）具有在第二表面（202）与第三表面（203）之间的第一开口（201），其中，空心铆钉包括具有侧壁（310）、空腔（350）以及第一端部（301）和第二端部（302）的管状构件（300），其中，管状构件（300）的一部分布置在第二构件（200）的第一开口（201）中，并且管状构件（300）以其第二端部（302）伸出第二构件（200），
其特征在于，管状构件（300）的侧壁（310）在第二构件（200）的第三表面（203）上方、与第一开口（201）邻近地借助于至少一个激光器沿着该侧壁的周部被加热和锻压并且因此形成拱起区域（320），使得拱起区域（320）的一部分接触第二构件（200）的第三表面（203），其中，在管状构件（300）的第二端部（302）处的侧壁（310）的一部分未被塑化且保持其初始形状；
在拱起区域（320）的形成期间，所述空腔（350）的底部被用作行程限位部并且保持不变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铆钉连接装置，其特征在于，所述塑料材料包含炭黑颗粒。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铆钉连接装置，其特征在于，所述管状构件（300）设计为所述第一构件（100）的一部分。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆钉连接装置，其特征在于，所述管状构件（300）在其第一端部（301）处被扩宽以形成扩展部（330）或者所述管状构件在其第一端部处通过延长部（303）与扩展部（330）连接，第一构件（100）具有第四表面（104），其中，第一构件（100）具有第二开口，该第二开口从第一表面（101）通向第四表面（104），管状构件（300）或管状构件（300）的延长部（303）被引导穿过第一构件（100）的第二开口，扩展部（330）接触第一构件（100）的第四表面（104）。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆钉连接装置，其特征在于，管状构件（300）和第二构件（200）的第一开口（201）分别设计为呈圆形、椭圆形或多边形。
6.根据权利要求4所述的铆钉连接装置，其特征在于，管状构件（300）、第一构件（100）的第二开口（102）和第二构件（200）的第一开口（201）分别设计为呈圆形、椭圆形或多边形。
7.一种用于借助于铆钉将第一构件（100）与第二构件（200）连接的方法，其中，所述铆钉由塑料材料制成并且具有管状构件（300），其中，第一构件（100）具有第一表面（101），第二构件（200）具有第二表面（202）和第三表面（203），其中，第一构件（100）的第一表面（101）和第二构件（200）的第二表面（202）彼此贴靠，第二构件（200）具有在第二表面（202）与第三表面（203）之间的第一开口（201），其中，空心铆钉包括具有侧壁（310）、空腔（350）以及第一端部（301）和第二端部（302）的管状构件（300），管状构件（300）插入穿过第一开口（201）并且因此以其第二端部（302）伸出第二构件（200）的第三表面（203），
其特征在于，管状构件（300）的侧壁（310）在第二构件（200）的第三表面（203）上方并且邻近于该第三表面以及在第二端部（302）下方借助于至少一个激光器（500）沿着该侧壁的周部被加热直至塑化，并且随后借助于成型工具（400）自所述管状构件的第二端部（302）以如下方式锻压管状构件（300），即，使得铆钉的被锻压的材料形成拱起区域（320），该拱起区域部分地接触第二构件（200）的第三表面（203），其中，在管状构件（300）的第二端部（302）处的侧壁（310）的一部分未被塑化且保持其初始形状；
在拱起区域（320）的形成期间，所述空腔（350）的底部被用作行程限位部并且保持不变。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述塑料材料包含炭黑颗粒。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述成型工具（400）具有芯轴（401），该芯轴在管状构件（300）的空腔（350）中被引导。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，在加热之前将芯轴（401）插入管状构件（300）的空腔（350）中。
11.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，激光器（500）和铆钉相对彼此运动。
12.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，对于每个铆钉使用至少两个激光器（500）以进行塑化。
13.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，管状构件（300）设计为第一构件（100）的一部分。
14.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，在管状构件（300）的第一端部（301）上或在管状构件（300）的延长部（303）上形成有呈拱起区域（320）形式的铆钉头。
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