CN111103585B - Synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on double-channel combined processing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of radar signal processing, and in particular relates to a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on double-channel combined processing, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal; carrying out carrier removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal after carrier removal and a second radar signal after carrier removal; respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal; performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compression signal and the second distance dimension compression signal to obtain a first compression signal and a second compression signal; and performing time difference estimation operation and frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain time difference and frequency difference. The method has the advantages of less data transmission quantity between platforms, single-channel processing capability and dual-channel combined processing precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radar signal processing, and particularly relates to a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on double-channel combined processing.
Background
Scout locations can be categorized into passive scout locations and active scout locations depending on whether the scout aircraft is transmitting signals. Compared with active positioning, passive positioning does not emit signals, namely does not expose the position of the passive positioning, overcomes the defect that the active positioning is easy to expose a target, and only needs to receive electromagnetic signals emitted by the target, measures and processes the signals to obtain the position and parameter information of the signals, and calculates to obtain a motion track, so that the passive positioning has the characteristics of stealth performance and wide action range. With the rapid development of electronic signal technology, passive positioning technology is increasingly widely applied to a plurality of field ranges. Broadband radar signal sources are one of the important targets for passive positioning. The idea of synthetic aperture in synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) is introduced into passive positioning taking into account the coherence between the wideband radar signal pulses.
The passive positioning technology mainly comprises the following steps: directional measurement location techniques, time difference of arrival (TDOA: time Difference of Arrival) location techniques, frequency difference of arrival (FDOA: frequency Difference of Arrival) location techniques, as well as TDOA/FDOA joint location techniques, and the like. More than three receivers are required for both TDOA and FDOA positioning, and TDOA positioning measures the time difference of arrival of signals arriving at different receivers to establish a time difference curve for locating the signal source. The TDOA/FDOA combined positioning only needs two receivers, and a signal source can be positioned through one time difference curve and one frequency difference curve, so that the use of the receivers is reduced. Many algorithms for TDOA/FDOA joint localization have been proposed, where the fuzzy function method is a classical joint estimation algorithm of time difference and frequency difference.
In general, when signal reconnaissance is performed, a signal source is a non-cooperative signal, parameters are unknown, in order to obtain complete information of the signal source, the sampling rate of the signal is generally very high, and data is recorded in a synthetic aperture mode, so that continuous sampling is required in a short time, in this case, the data volume is very huge, which can bring great pressure to data transmission between observation platforms.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on double-channel combined processing. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on double-channel combined processing comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal;
carrying out carrier removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal after carrier removal and a second radar signal after carrier removal;
respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal;
performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compression signal and the second distance dimension compression signal to obtain a first compression signal and a second compression signal;
and performing time difference estimation operation and frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain time difference and frequency difference so as to position signal sources of the first radar signal and the second radar signal.
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal, respectively, including:
performing fast time Fourier transform operation on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal and a second distance frequency domain signal;
constructing a matching function according to the first radar signal after carrier frequency removal;
the first distance frequency domain signal and the second distance frequency domain signal are multiplied by the matching function respectively to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal;
performing linear phase walk term correction on the primary first distance dimension compressed signal and the primary second distance dimension compressed signal according to keystone transformation to obtain a first corrected signal and a second corrected signal;
and performing inverse distance Fourier transform on the first corrected signal and the second corrected signal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal.
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing a time difference estimation operation and a frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a time difference and a frequency difference, includes:
performing arrival time estimation and Doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a rough estimation time difference and a rough estimation frequency difference;
intercepting the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a first intercepted signal and a second intercepted signal;
performing two-dimensional correlation operation on the first intercepted signal and the second intercepted signal to obtain accurate estimated time difference and accurate estimated frequency difference;
summing the coarse estimated time difference and the accurate estimated time difference to obtain a time difference;
and summing the rough estimated frequency difference and the accurate estimated frequency difference to obtain the frequency difference.
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing time of arrival estimation and doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a coarse estimation time difference and a coarse estimation frequency difference, including:
obtaining a rough estimated arrival time from the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
obtaining a signal peak value prescription orientation position beta according to the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal 1 、β 2 And obtain a rough estimated Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
obtaining a coarse estimation time difference delta t according to the coarse estimation arrival time and the coarse estimation Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal 1 And roughly estimating the frequency difference deltaf 1 ：
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing two-dimensional correlation on the first truncated signal and the second truncated signal to obtain an accurate estimated time difference and an accurate estimated frequency difference includes:
according to the first intercept signal Ss 1 (t r ,f a ) And a second intercept signal Ss 2 (t r ,f a ) Obtaining a two-dimensional correlation function F (tau, v):
and carrying out correlation operation according to the two-dimensional correlation function, and carrying out maximum value search on a correlation operation result to obtain accurate estimated time difference and accurate estimated frequency difference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, firstly, collected signal data are arranged into a two-dimensional matrix, pulse compression is carried out in a distance direction through estimated frequency modulation, fourier transformation is carried out in a direction to enable signals to be focused in a frequency domain, data transmission quantity between platforms is greatly reduced, time of Arrival (TOA) and Doppler center of each channel are obtained through peak detection, and coarse estimated Time difference TDOA and frequency difference FDOA are obtained through double-channel data subtraction. The data of the area around the peak value is correlated to obtain accurate TDOA/FDOA, and the method has the capability of single-channel processing and the accuracy of double-channel combined processing.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of specific steps of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a SAR imaging diagram of a first compressed signal of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a SAR imaging diagram of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method second compressed signal based on dual-channel joint processing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a timing difference estimation and a timing difference estimation imaging diagram after two-dimensional correlation of two-channel data in a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on two-channel joint processing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal;
carrying out carrier removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal after carrier removal and a second radar signal after carrier removal;
respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal;
performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compression signal and the second distance dimension compression signal to obtain a first compression signal and a second compression signal;
and performing time difference estimation operation and frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain time difference and frequency difference so as to position signal sources of the first radar signal and the second radar signal.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a block diagram showing specific steps of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the specific steps are shown in fig. 2 according to an oblique distance history R 1 (t a )≈R 10 +a 1 t a The first radar signal and the second radar signal, which take the form of the transmission source signal p (t), can be expressed as:
wherein t is r Is the distance and fast time, t 1 And t 2 The sampling initial moments of the first radar signal and the second radar signal are respectively alpha 1 And alpha 2 The azimuth delay factors of the first radar signal and the second radar signal are respectively.
Further, the zero order term for slow times in the range history represents the time difference, and the one order term for slow times represents the Doppler frequency difference.
Carrying out carrier removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal after carrier removal and a second radar signal after carrier removal:
wherein exp (·) is an exponential term, f c1 And f c2 The estimated carrier frequencies of the first radar signal and the second radar signal, respectively.
According to the invention, firstly, collected signal data are arranged into a two-dimensional matrix, pulse compression is carried out in a distance direction through estimated frequency modulation, fourier transformation is carried out in a direction to enable signals to be focused in a frequency domain, data transmission quantity between platforms is greatly reduced, time of Arrival (TOA) and Doppler center of each channel are obtained through peak detection, and coarse estimated Time difference TDOA and frequency difference FDOA are obtained through double-channel data subtraction. And correlating the data of the area around the peak value to obtain accurate TDOA/FDOA. The method has the capability of single-channel processing and the precision of double-channel combined processing.
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal, respectively, including:
performing fast time Fourier transform operation on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal and a second distance frequency domain signal;
constructing a matching function according to the first radar signal after carrier frequency removal;
the first distance frequency domain signal and the second distance frequency domain signal are multiplied by the matching function respectively to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal;
performing linear phase walk term correction on the primary first distance dimension compressed signal and the primary second distance dimension compressed signal according to keystone transformation (keystone transformation) to obtain a first corrected signal and a second corrected signal;
and performing inverse distance Fourier transform on the first corrected signal and the second corrected signal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal.
Specifically, after the first radar signal after carrier removal is obtained, performing fast time fourier transform operation on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the first radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal Ss 1 (f r ,t a ) And a second distance frequency domain signal Ss 2 (f r ,t a )，f r Is distance to frequencyA domain; then, the first radar signal after carrier removal is subjected to conjugate operation to construct a matching function Ss * (f r ,t ac ) (in other embodiments, the data at the center instant of the synthetic aperture is chosen to construct a matching function), namely:
Ss * (f r ,t ac )＝conj(Ss 1 (f r ,t ac ))，
wherein conj (·) is conjugate, t ac Is the synthetic aperture center instant.
Further, the first distance frequency domain signal Ss is respectively processed by the matching function 1 (f r ,t a ) And a second distance frequency domain signal Ss 2 (f r ,t a ) Performing data compression processing to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal:
further, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, fig. 3 is a SAR imaging diagram of a first compressed signal of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a SAR imaging diagram of a second compressed signal of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing provided by the embodiment of the present invention; the keystone transformation formula is:
f c1 (τ a -t ac )＝(f c1 +f r )(t a -t ac ) Wherein τ a Is a new time domain; a first corrected signal Ss 'obtained by correcting the primary first distance dimension compressed signal and the primary second distance dimension compressed signal through keystone conversion' comp1 (f r ,t a ) And a second corrected signal Ss' comp2 (f r ,t a ) Under the new time domain, the signal does not walk any more, and the signal can be focused when the azimuth is processed; and then for the first corrected signal Ss' comp1 (f r ,t a ) And a second corrected signal Ss' comp2 (f r ,t a ) Performing distance Fourier transform to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal Ss' comp1 (t r ,t a ) And a second distance dimension compressed signal Ss' comp2 (t r ,t a ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Compressing the signal Ss' for the first distance dimension " comp1 (t r ,t a ) And performing azimuth Fourier transform on the second distance dimension compressed signal to obtain a first compressed signal Ss '' 1 (t r ,f a ) And a second compressed signal Ss' 2 (t r ,f a )。
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing a time difference estimation operation and a frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a time difference and a frequency difference, includes:
performing arrival time estimation and Doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a rough estimation time difference and a rough estimation frequency difference;
intercepting the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a first intercepted signal and a second intercepted signal;
performing two-dimensional correlation operation on the first intercepted signal and the second intercepted signal to obtain accurate estimated time difference and accurate estimated frequency difference;
summing the coarse estimated time difference and the accurate estimated time difference to obtain a time difference;
and summing the rough estimated frequency difference and the accurate estimated frequency difference to obtain the frequency difference.
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing time of arrival estimation and doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a coarse estimation time difference and a coarse estimation frequency difference, including:
obtaining a rough estimated arrival time from the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
obtaining a signal peak value prescription orientation position beta according to the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal 1 、β 2 And obtain a rough estimated Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
obtaining a coarse estimation time difference delta t according to the coarse estimation arrival time and the coarse estimation Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal 1 And roughly estimating the frequency difference deltaf 1 ：
In an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a two-dimensional correlation estimated time difference and estimated frequency difference estimated imaging chart of two-dimensional correlated dual-channel data of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing provided in the embodiment of the present invention, performing two-dimensional correlation operation on the first truncated signal and the second truncated signal to obtain an accurate estimated time difference and an accurate estimated frequency difference, including:
according to the first intercept signal Ss 1 (t r ,f a ) And a second intercept signal Ss 2 (t r ,f a ) Obtaining a two-dimensional correlation function F (tau, v):
performing correlation operation according to the two-dimensional correlation function, and performing maximum value search on correlation operation results to obtain accurate estimated time difference delta t 2 And accurately estimating the frequency difference deltaf 2 。
Specifically, a peak position selection data effective area is obtained according to the first compression signal and the second compression signal, and a first interception signal Ss is obtained according to an interception operation, namely, according to the peak position selection data effective area 1 (t r ,f a ) And a second intercept signal Ss 2 (t r ,f a )；
Further, the time difference and the frequency difference are obtained according to the time difference of the coarse estimation and the frequency difference of the coarse estimation and the accurate estimation time difference and the accurate estimation frequency difference:
the effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to simulation experiments.
1. Simulation data parameters
The signal bandwidth is 20MHz, the sampling frequency is 100MHz, the pulse repetition frequency is 1000Hz, the Doppler of the channel 1 corresponding to the preset first radar signal is 5853.4Hz, the Doppler of the channel 2 corresponding to the second radar signal is 3526.3Hz, the Doppler difference is 2327.1Hz, and the time difference between the channels is 1.232636 e-6(s).
2. Simulation result analysis
The Doppler obtained by coarse estimation is 5869Hz, the Doppler of the channel 2 is 3516Hz, the Doppler frequency difference is 2353.1Hz, and the obtained time difference is 1.31 e-6(s); the Doppler frequency difference obtained by accurate estimation is-26.5625 Hz, and the time difference is 1.1 e-7(s). The Doppler frequency difference obtained finally is 2326.6Hz, and the time difference is 1.2 e-6(s). It can be seen that the method can obtain relatively accurate time differences and frequency differences.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on the double-channel combined processing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal;
carrying out carrier removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal after carrier removal and a second radar signal after carrier removal;
respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal;
performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compression signal and the second distance dimension compression signal to obtain a first compression signal and a second compression signal;
obtaining a rough estimated arrival time from the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
Wherein 1/F s For distance sampling interval, η 1 For the distance direction position of the peak value of the first compressed signal, eta 2 Distance direction position of the peak of the second compressed signal;
obtaining a signal peak value prescription orientation position beta according to the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal 1 、β 2 And obtain a rough estimated Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
Wherein M is the number of azimuth sampling points, 1/T r Is the pulse repetition frequency;
obtaining a coarse estimation time difference delta t according to the coarse estimation arrival time and the coarse estimation Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal 1 And roughly estimating the frequency difference deltaf 1 ：
Intercepting the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a first intercepted signal and a second intercepted signal;
according to the first intercept signal Ss 1 (t r ,f a ) And a second intercept signal Ss 2 (t r ,f a ) Obtaining a two-dimensional correlation function F (tau, v):
performing correlation operation according to the two-dimensional correlation function, and performing maximum value search on a correlation operation result to obtain accurate estimated time difference and accurate estimated frequency difference;
summing the coarse estimated time difference and the accurate estimated time difference to obtain a time difference;
and summing the rough estimated frequency difference and the accurate estimated frequency difference to obtain a frequency difference so as to position signal sources of the first radar signal and the second radar signal.
2. The method for reconnaissance imaging of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source based on dual-channel joint processing according to claim 1, wherein performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal respectively, comprises:
performing fast time Fourier transform operation on the first radar signal after carrier removal and the second radar signal after carrier removal to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal and a second distance frequency domain signal;
constructing a matching function according to the first radar signal after carrier frequency removal;
the first distance frequency domain signal and the second distance frequency domain signal are multiplied by the matching function respectively to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal;
performing linear phase walk term correction on the primary first distance dimension compressed signal and the primary second distance dimension compressed signal according to keystone transformation to obtain a first corrected signal and a second corrected signal;
and performing inverse distance Fourier transform on the first corrected signal and the second corrected signal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal.
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