CN111103585A - Synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on two-channel joint processing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of radar signal processing, and particularly relates to a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal; carrying out carrier frequency removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and a second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal; respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance dimension compression signal and a second distance dimension compression signal; performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compressed signal and the second distance dimension compressed signal respectively to obtain a first compressed signal and a second compressed signal; and performing time difference estimation operation and frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain time difference and frequency difference. The method has the advantages of small data transmission quantity between platforms, single-channel processing capability and double-channel combined processing precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radar signal processing, and particularly relates to a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing.
Background
The scout positioning can be divided into passive scout positioning and active scout positioning according to whether the scout machine transmits signals. Compared with active positioning, passive positioning does not emit signals, namely does not expose the position of the passive positioning, overcomes the defect that the target is easily exposed in active positioning, and has the characteristics of stealth performance and wide action range as long as electromagnetic signals emitted by the target are received, the signals are measured and processed to obtain the position and parameter information of the target, and the motion trail is calculated. With the rapid development of electronic signal technology, passive positioning technology is more and more widely applied to a plurality of fields. Broadband radar signal sources are one of the important targets for passive localization. The concept of Synthetic Aperture in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is introduced into passive localization in view of coherence between pulses of broadband Radar signals.
The passive positioning technology mainly comprises the following steps: directional measurement location techniques, time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) location techniques, Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) location techniques, as well as TDOA/FDOA joint location techniques, and the like. Both TDOA and FDOA locations require more than three receivers, and TDOA locations measure the time difference of arrival of signals at different receivers to establish a time difference curve for locating the signal source. The TDOA/FDOA joint positioning only needs two receivers, and the signal source can be positioned through one time difference curve and one frequency difference curve, so that the use of the receivers is reduced. A plurality of TDOA/FDOA joint positioning algorithms have been proposed at present, wherein a fuzzy function method is a classical time difference and frequency difference joint estimation algorithm.
Generally, when signal reconnaissance is performed, a signal source is a non-cooperative signal, parameters are unknown, in order to obtain complete information of the signal source, the sampling rate of the signal is generally high, and data is recorded in a synthetic aperture mode, continuous sampling is required in a short time, in this case, the data volume is huge, and great pressure is brought to data transmission between observation platforms.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal;
performing carrier frequency removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and a second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal;
respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance dimension compression signal and a second distance dimension compression signal;
performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compressed signal and the second distance dimension compressed signal respectively to obtain a first compressed signal and a second compressed signal;
and performing time difference estimation operation and frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain time difference and frequency difference so as to position the signal sources of the first radar signal and the second radar signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the distance dimension compressing the first radar signal after the carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal after the carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal respectively includes:
carrying out fast time Fourier transform operation on the first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal and a second distance frequency domain signal;
constructing a matching function according to the first radar signal without the carrier frequency;
multiplying the first distance frequency domain signal and the second distance frequency domain signal with the matching function respectively to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal;
respectively carrying out linear phase walking term correction on the primary first distance dimension compressed signal and the primary second distance dimension compressed signal according to keystone transformation to obtain a first corrected signal and a second corrected signal;
and performing inverse distance-to-Fourier transform on the first corrected signal and the second corrected signal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal.
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing a time difference estimation operation and a frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a time difference and a frequency difference comprises:
performing time of arrival estimation and doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a coarse time difference estimation and a coarse frequency difference estimation;
intercepting the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a first intercepted signal and a second intercepted signal;
performing two-dimensional correlation operation on the first intercepted signal and the second intercepted signal to obtain a fine time difference estimation and a fine frequency difference estimation;
summing the coarse time difference estimate and the fine time difference estimate to obtain a time difference;
and summing the coarse frequency difference estimation and the fine frequency difference estimation to obtain a frequency difference.
In an embodiment of the present invention, performing time-of-arrival estimation and doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a coarse time difference estimation and a coarse frequency difference estimation includes:
obtaining a coarse estimated time of arrival from the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
deriving β a signal peak prescription position based on the first and second compressed signals1、β2And obtaining a coarse estimated Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
obtaining a rough estimation time difference delta t according to the rough estimation arrival time and the rough estimation Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal1And the coarse estimated frequency difference Δ f1：
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing a two-dimensional correlation operation on the first truncated signal and the second truncated signal to obtain a fine time difference estimate and a fine frequency difference estimate comprises:
according to the first truncation signal Ss1(tr,fa) And a second cut signal Ss2(tr,fa) A two-dimensional correlation function F (τ, v) is obtained:
and performing correlation operation according to the two-dimensional correlation function, and performing maximum value search on a correlation operation result to obtain an accurate estimation time difference tau and an accurate estimation frequency difference v.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of firstly arranging acquired signal data into a two-dimensional matrix, carrying out pulse compression in the distance direction through estimated frequency modulation, carrying out Fourier transform in the azimuth direction to focus signals in a frequency domain, greatly reducing data transmission quantity between platforms, obtaining the Arrival Time (TOA, Time of Arrival) and Doppler center of each channel through peak detection, and obtaining the Time difference TDOA and frequency difference FDOA which are roughly estimated through two-channel data subtraction. And the data of the area around the peak value is correlated to obtain the accurate TDOA/FDOA, and the method has the capability of single-channel processing and the accuracy of two-channel joint processing.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of specific steps of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an SAR imaging diagram of a first compressed signal of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an SAR imaging diagram of a second compressed signal of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of fine time difference estimation and fine frequency difference estimation imaging after two-dimensional correlation of two-channel data in a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal;
performing carrier frequency removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and a second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal;
respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance dimension compression signal and a second distance dimension compression signal;
performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compressed signal and the second distance dimension compressed signal respectively to obtain a first compressed signal and a second compressed signal;
and performing time difference estimation operation and frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain time difference and frequency difference so as to position the signal sources of the first radar signal and the second radar signal.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a block diagram of specific steps of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on dual channel joint processing according to a slant range process R according to an embodiment of the present invention1(ta)≈R10+a1taThe first radar signal and the second radar signal, which take the form of the transmission source signal p (t), can be expressed as:
wherein, trIs the distance fast time, t1And t2Initial sampling moments, α, for the first radar signal and the second radar signal, respectively1And α2The azimuth delay factors of the first radar signal and the second radar signal are respectively.
Further, the zero term of slow time in the ramp history represents the time difference, and the one term of slow time represents the doppler difference.
Frequency carrier removal operation is carried out on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal subjected to frequency carrier removal and a second radar signal subjected to frequency carrier removal:
wherein exp (·) is an exponential term, fc1And fc2Estimated carrier frequencies for the first radar signal and the second radar signal, respectively.
The method comprises the steps of firstly arranging acquired signal data into a two-dimensional matrix, carrying out pulse compression in the distance direction through estimated frequency modulation, carrying out Fourier transform in the azimuth direction to focus signals in a frequency domain, greatly reducing data transmission quantity between platforms, obtaining the Arrival Time (TOA, Time of Arrival) and Doppler center of each channel through peak detection, and obtaining the Time difference TDOA and frequency difference FDOA which are roughly estimated through two-channel data subtraction. The data in the area around the peak is correlated to obtain the accurate TDOA/FDOA. The method has the capability of single-channel processing and the precision of double-channel combined processing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the distance dimension compressing the first radar signal after the carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal after the carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal respectively includes:
carrying out fast time Fourier transform operation on the first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal and a second distance frequency domain signal;
constructing a matching function according to the first radar signal without the carrier frequency;
multiplying the first distance frequency domain signal and the second distance frequency domain signal by the matching function respectively to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal;
respectively carrying out linear phase walking term correction on the primary first distance dimension compressed signal and the primary second distance dimension compressed signal according to keystone transformation (keystone transformation) to obtain a first corrected signal and a second corrected signal;
and performing inverse distance-to-Fourier transform on the first corrected signal and the second corrected signal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal.
Specifically, after the first radar signal with the carrier frequency removed is obtained, the first radar signal with the carrier frequency removed and the first radar signal with the carrier frequency removed are subjected to fast time fourier transform operation to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal Ss1(fr,ta) And a second distance frequency domain signal Ss2(fr,ta)，frIs the distance to the frequency domain; then, conjugate operation is carried out on the first radar signal after frequency carrier removal to construct a matching function Ss*(fr,tac) (in other embodiments, the data at the moment of the synthetic aperture center is chosen to construct the matching function), i.e.:
Ss*(fr,tac)＝conj(Ss1(fr,tac))，
wherein conj (. cndot.) is a conjugate, tacThe moment of the center of the synthetic aperture.
Further, the first distance frequency domain signal Ss is respectively matched with the matching function1(fr,ta) And a second distance frequency domain signal Ss2(fr,ta) Performing data compression processing to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal:
further, please refer to fig. 3 and fig. 4, in which fig. 3 is a SAR imaging diagram of a first compressed signal of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a SAR imaging diagram of a second compressed signal of the synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to the embodiment of the present invention; the keystone transform formula is:
fc1(τa-tac)＝(fc1+fr)(ta-tac) Wherein, τaIs a new time domain; the first and second distance dimension compressed signals are subjected to keystone conversion to obtain corrected first corrected signals Ss'comp1(fr,ta) And a second corrected signal Ss'comp2(fr,ta) In the new time domain, the signal does not move any more, and the signal can be focused when being processed in the azimuth direction; and then the first corrected signal Ss'comp1(fr,ta) And a second corrected signal Ss'comp2(fr,ta) Performing range Fourier transform to obtain a first range dimension compressed signal Ss "comp1(tr,ta) And a second distance dimension compression signal Ss "comp2(tr,ta) (ii) a Compressing the signal Ss' for a first distance dimension "comp1(tr,ta) And the second distance dimension compressed signal is subjected to azimuth Fourier transform to obtain a first compressed signal Ss'1(tr,fa) And a second compression signal Ss'2(tr,fa)。
In one embodiment of the present invention, performing a time difference estimation operation and a frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a time difference and a frequency difference comprises:
performing time of arrival estimation and doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a coarse time difference estimation and a coarse frequency difference estimation;
intercepting the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a first intercepted signal and a second intercepted signal;
performing two-dimensional correlation operation on the first intercepted signal and the second intercepted signal to obtain a fine time difference estimation and a fine frequency difference estimation;
summing the coarse time difference estimate and the fine time difference estimate to obtain a time difference;
and summing the coarse frequency difference estimation and the fine frequency difference estimation to obtain a frequency difference.
In an embodiment of the present invention, performing time-of-arrival estimation and doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a coarse time difference estimation and a coarse frequency difference estimation includes:
obtaining a coarse estimated time of arrival from the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
deriving β a signal peak prescription position based on the first and second compressed signals1、β2And obtaining a coarse estimated Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
obtaining a rough estimation time difference delta t according to the rough estimation arrival time and the rough estimation Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal1And the coarse estimated frequency difference Δ f1：
In an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 5, where fig. 5 is a fine time difference estimation and fine frequency difference estimation imaging diagram after two-channel data two-dimensional correlation of a synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing, and performing two-dimensional correlation operation on the first truncated signal and the second truncated signal to obtain a fine time difference estimation and a fine frequency difference estimation, including:
according to the first truncation signal Ss1(tr,fa) And a second cut signal Ss2(tr,fa) A two-dimensional correlation function F (τ, v) is obtained:
and performing correlation operation according to the two-dimensional correlation function, and performing maximum value search on a correlation operation result to obtain an accurate estimation time difference tau and an accurate estimation frequency difference v.
Specifically, a data effective area is selected according to a peak position obtained by the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal, and the first truncation signal Ss is obtained according to an interception operation, that is, the data effective area is selected according to the peak position1(tr,fa) And a second cut signal Ss2(tr,fa)；
Further, the time difference and the frequency difference are obtained according to the roughly estimated time difference and the roughly estimated frequency difference as well as the accurately estimated time difference and the accurately estimated frequency difference:
the effect of the present invention will be further explained with the simulation experiment.
1. Simulation data parameters
The signal bandwidth is 20MHz, the sampling frequency is 100MHz, the pulse repetition frequency is 1000Hz, the Doppler of the channel 1 corresponding to the first radar signal is 5853.4Hz, the Doppler of the channel 2 corresponding to the second radar signal is 3526.3Hz, the Doppler difference is 2327.1Hz, and the time difference between the channels is 1.232636 e-6(s).
2. Analysis of simulation results
The Doppler obtained by rough estimation of the method is 5869Hz, the Doppler of a channel 2 is 3516Hz, the Doppler frequency difference is 2353.1Hz, and the obtained time difference is 1.31 e-6(s); the Doppler frequency difference obtained by accurate estimation is-26.5625 Hz, and the time difference is 1.1 e-7(s). The resulting Doppler frequency difference was 2326.6Hz, and the time difference was 1.2 e-6(s). It can be seen that the method can obtain relatively accurate time difference and frequency difference.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on dual-channel joint processing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a first radar signal and a second radar signal;
performing carrier frequency removal operation on the first radar signal and the second radar signal to obtain a first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and a second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal;
respectively performing distance dimension compression on the first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance dimension compression signal and a second distance dimension compression signal;
performing azimuth dimension compression operation on the first distance dimension compressed signal and the second distance dimension compressed signal respectively to obtain a first compressed signal and a second compressed signal;
and performing time difference estimation operation and frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain time difference and frequency difference so as to position the signal sources of the first radar signal and the second radar signal.
2. The synthetic aperture broadband signal source reconnaissance imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to claim 1, wherein the distance dimension compressing the first radar signal after carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal after carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal respectively comprises:
carrying out fast time Fourier transform operation on the first radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal and the second radar signal subjected to carrier frequency removal to obtain a first distance frequency domain signal and a second distance frequency domain signal;
constructing a matching function according to the first radar signal without the carrier frequency;
multiplying the first distance frequency domain signal and the second distance frequency domain signal with the matching function respectively to obtain a primary first distance dimension compressed signal and a primary second distance dimension compressed signal;
respectively carrying out linear phase walking term correction on the primary first distance dimension compressed signal and the primary second distance dimension compressed signal according to keystone transformation to obtain a first corrected signal and a second corrected signal;
and performing inverse distance-to-Fourier transform on the first corrected signal and the second corrected signal to obtain a first distance dimension compressed signal and a second distance dimension compressed signal.
3. The synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on the two-channel joint processing as claimed in claim 1, wherein performing a time difference estimation operation and a frequency difference estimation operation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a time difference and a frequency difference comprises:
performing time of arrival estimation and doppler frequency estimation on the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a coarse time difference estimation and a coarse frequency difference estimation;
intercepting the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal to obtain a first intercepted signal and a second intercepted signal;
performing two-dimensional correlation operation on the first intercepted signal and the second intercepted signal to obtain a fine time difference estimation and a fine frequency difference estimation;
summing the coarse time difference estimate and the fine time difference estimate to obtain a time difference;
and summing the coarse frequency difference estimation and the fine frequency difference estimation to obtain a frequency difference.
4. The synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to claim 3, wherein the time-of-arrival estimation and Doppler frequency estimation of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal result in a coarse time difference estimation and a coarse frequency difference estimation, comprising:
obtaining a coarse estimated time of arrival from the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
deriving β a signal peak prescription position based on the first and second compressed signals1、β2And obtaining a coarse estimated Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal
obtaining a rough estimation time difference delta t according to the rough estimation arrival time and the rough estimation Doppler of the first compressed signal and the second compressed signal1And the coarse estimated frequency difference Δ f1：
5. The synthetic aperture broadband signal source scout imaging method based on two-channel joint processing according to claim 3, wherein performing two-dimensional correlation on the first and second truncated signals to obtain a fine time difference estimate and a fine frequency difference estimate comprises:
according to the first truncation signal Ss1(tr,fa) And a second cut signal Ss2(tr,fa) A two-dimensional correlation function F (τ, v) is obtained:
and performing correlation operation according to the two-dimensional correlation function, and performing maximum value search on a correlation operation result to obtain an accurate estimation time difference tau and an accurate estimation frequency difference v.
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| CN112114296A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-22 | 王玉冰 | Parameter estimation method and system for unmanned aerial vehicle cooperative TDOA/FDOA composite positioning |
| CN112114296B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2024-04-16 | 王玉冰 | Parameter estimation method and system for unmanned aerial vehicle collaborative TDOA/FDOA composite positioning |
| CN112233156A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 首都师范大学 | Method for aligning central slices of micro-nano CT projection data |
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