CN111102295A - 金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件 - Google Patents
金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
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- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
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Abstract
公开了一种金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(2、4),包括至少一个未喷砂表面以及包括至少一个部分的金属涂层,其中所述金属涂层被使用冷喷涂方法直接施加到所述未喷砂表面上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及根据本发明技术方案1的前序部分的一种金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,其包括至少一个部分的金属涂层,以及涉及根据本发明技术方案7的前序部分的一种用于制造金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的方法,该金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件包括至少一个部分的金属涂层。
背景技术
滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(尤其是大型轴承的轴承组成部件)常常在其外表面上接受镀锌(/电镀)(galvanization)作为金属涂层(例如,腐蚀保护)。迄今为止,除了包括含锌漆料的涂层之外,还常使用火焰喷涂镀锌(/电镀)。这种镀锌(/电镀)还提供了以下优点:锌提供了高的摩擦值,这对于用于对轴承进行螺接或折边(flanging)的表面来说是有利的。
为了将金属涂层施加到表面上,对该表面进行粗(糙)化以使得可以通过火焰喷涂镀锌(/电镀)或冷喷涂方法施加的金属涂层能够粘附(adhesion)。为了使待涂覆的表面粗糙化,例如可以通过喷砂来进行制备(/准备)。为此目的,必须先覆盖所有其它不需要涂覆的表面。火焰喷涂层本质上通过机械互锁(/联锁/扣紧)(interlocking)而粘附,因此需要通过喷砂(处理)而获得的粗糙的下表面(/基面)(subsurface)。这同样适用于通过冷喷涂方法施加的许多漆料(lacquers)或涂层。
然而,这里,不利的是,喷砂射流(sand jet)的非常硬的颗粒除了提供所期望的粗糙化之外,还可能会损坏滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的表面,并且例如可能会改变精(细)加工(finely worked)的轮廓(或者例如,平坦度或者还可以是其它尺寸和位置公差)。此外,尽管进行了清洁,但仍可能的是有一些喷砂颗粒将会残留在表面上,并进入(加工)完成的(finished)轴承中,在这里它们可能损坏滚道并导致相当大的损坏,直到轴承过早失效(/损坏)。
如果待涂覆的表面在镀锌(galvanized)之前已经被精加工,那么镀锌所需的喷砂处理可能会非常严重地妥协(/破坏)(compromise)该精加工的质量,特别是尺寸和位置公差。然而,在轴承的外组装表面上也期望这些。因此,在涂覆之后可能需要对表面进行后处理,以恢复尺寸和位置公差。否则可能会出现不确定的(undefined)系统几何结构。
另外,即使已通过喷砂处理制备了表面,火焰喷涂镀锌的粘附也是关键点。因此为了确保火焰喷涂镀锌的粘附,通常进行层的包裹围绕(wrapping-around),即,层完全包围工件。然而,如果只是平坦表面要被涂覆而不是包裹围绕,则存在剥落(spalling)的风险,这是因为火焰喷涂镀锌并不代表封闭层(closed layer)并且易在其边缘受损。
另外,对于火焰喷涂镀锌,锌或锌合金粉末被熔化并以液滴的形式吹到表面上。特别地,所谓的过度喷涂(overspray)(即,侧向上通过目标的液滴)可能导致在不希望的区域形成层。因而产生具有难以控制的厚度的高度多孔的海绵状层和不平坦的表面。所得到的多孔锌层具有差的耐腐蚀性和差的耐化学性。因此,火焰喷涂的锌层通常用漆料额外密封。
上述方法也常与其它金属涂层一起使用。然而,如上所述,由此施加的涂层需要粗糙的表面以便粘附于待涂覆的表面,并且显示出同样的缺点。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供这样的一种金属(的)滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,其具有改善的能够直接施加到未喷砂表面上的金属涂层。
该目的通过根据本专利技术方案1的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件以及根据本专利技术方案7的用于制造金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的方法来实现。
提出了一种金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,包括至少一个未喷砂表面以及包括至少一个部分的金属涂层。与通过火焰喷涂镀锌来施加金属涂层(为此目的,需要被喷砂的表面)的已知的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件相比,这里提出的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的金属涂层通过冷喷涂(方)法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法)直接施加到未喷砂表面(/未喷砂处理的表面)上。
如上面所解释的,到目前为止,人们认为对于所有的金属涂层都需要粗糙(化)的表面,以使涂层能够具有良好的粘附性。现在本发明人已令人惊奇地认识到,借助于冷喷涂方法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法),在足够高的动能和进一步的边界条件的情况下,即使没有预先粗糙化表面也能够产生涂层的良好粘附。
在也被称为冷喷涂涂覆或气动冷喷涂(gas dynamic cold spraying)的冷喷涂方法中,产生预热的气体射流(占主导地位的金属粉末被送入该射流中),但是该金属粉末没有熔化。粉末例如可以包括铁、锌、铜、锡、铝、钢或其组合。当粉末撞击(impinges)在未粗糙化的特别是未喷砂的表面上时,通过适当的参数设置,粉末以焊接的方式结合于(/约束于)(binds to)表面并形成涂层。
由于不需要使金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的表面粗糙化,而是可以将金属涂层直接施加到未喷砂的表面上,因此金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件已经能够以其最终形式(即,具有现有的(with existing)尺寸和位置公差)被涂覆。特别地,使用冷喷涂方法,可以将金属涂层直接施加到磨光面(ground surfaces)上。由于不需要对待涂覆的表面进行喷砂处理,因此可以防止喷砂颗粒在涂覆工艺之后粘附于滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(而这可能导致滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件所安装于的轴承损坏)。然而,在涂覆工艺之前,有利的是对待涂覆的表面进行脱脂化(degrease)和清洁,以使得能够实现金属涂层的更好的粘附。
除了可以涂覆整个表面之外,还可以仅涂覆表面的小部分区域,并在这里生成局部彼此不连接的涂覆表面,或者(还可以)生成完全环绕(encircling)滑动轴承或滚动轴承组成部件的轨迹(track),正如例如对于密封滚道(seal raceway)可能是有利的那样。
与通过火焰喷涂镀锌施加的涂层相比,冷气(体)喷涂的金属层不是多孔的,因此不需要涂漆(lacquered)或密封。此外,该金属涂层具有比通过火焰喷涂镀锌施加的层大的密度。通过适当的参数设置,能够获得大约99%的层密度,因此其与固态无孔金属几乎没有区别。因此金属涂层可以实施得非常薄,例如在50μm至150μm的范围。
此外,在火焰喷涂期间,在工件上产生热负荷(thermal load)。它变热,这不仅不利于工件的性能和层的内部应力,而且还会在涂覆之后延迟工件的进一步加工和组装。另一方面,对于冷喷涂,工件上的热影响显著降低,由此大大减少了滑动轴承或滚动轴承组成部件的损坏(significantly less compromised)。
金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件例如可以是轴承的圈,特别是大型轴承的圈。轴承的其它组成部件也可以设置有金属涂层,如这里所述的,金属涂层通过冷喷涂方法施加。
优选的是,使用高压冷喷涂方法施加金属涂层,优选在大于50bar的情况(/压力)下。特别是,气体射流的压力可以落在50至100bar的范围内。
由于该高压,气体射流和粉末的混合物经由喷嘴被加速到多重超音速(multiplesupersonic speed),其中其在松弛的情况下被再冷却。这里,气体射流中的粉末的颗粒以高动能(特别是以高达1000m/s的速度)撞击在金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的表面上。然而,这里粉末颗粒不再是热的或熔融的(molten)。而是,颗粒通过动能的局部转化而粘附于金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的表面,这导致粉末焊接(/熔接)(welding)到表面上的型式。这里的“焊接(/熔接)”应理解成表示远高于机械互锁(/机械紧密连接)(mechanical interlocking)值的粘附(/粘附力)(adhesion)。例如,其可以为大约50MPa的剥离粘附值(pull-off adhesion value)。这比许多漆料系统所期望的粘附高出多达十倍。因此,冷喷涂方法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法)的粘附机理并非基于像利用火焰喷涂镀锌情况那样颗粒在表面上互锁(interlocking),而是基于粉末到表面的连接。这种连接可以使用高压来特别好地产生。
在使用冷喷涂方法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法)施加涂层之后,可以关闭粉末供给,气体流(例如氮气)可以继续。从而可以以与高压压缩空气枪类似的方式使用通常由机器人引导的冷喷涂枪(/冷喷枪)。可能已经沉积在喷涂室(spray booth)中的工件表面上的可能在上面覆盖的松散材料颗粒能够通过再次偏离的编程的涂层几何结构吹除。(尽管)这些颗粒没有达到喷砂粒(sandblasting grains)的硬度并且对轴承的危害要小得多,但是该涂层系统可以在涂层工艺(/涂覆工艺)之后直接用作最终的清洁系统而无需额外的技术努力。
金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件或者金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的未喷砂(的)表面与已通过冷喷涂方法经由动态轰击产生的至少一个部分的(partial)金属涂层的组合(/结合)有残余压缩应力。材料的这些残余压缩应力增大了金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的抵抗力,特别是对在表面上形成裂纹的抵抗力以及对化学或腐蚀侵蚀(corrosive attack)的抵抗力。金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的基材(basematerial)通过冷喷涂方法压缩,并以与非研磨喷丸处理(non-abrasive shot peening)类似的方式接收(/承受)压缩残余应力,并且金属涂层本身也接收(/承受)压缩应力。这增大了整个金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的稳定性和抗渗性(impermeability)。
特别是,金属涂层可以是腐蚀保护层。对于腐蚀保护层,可以将像粉末那样的锌或铝或者是它们的组合供给到冷喷涂方法的气体射流中。
根据一个实施方式,另外地或作为另一种选择,金属涂层包括改变摩擦的颗粒。例如,冷喷涂方法用的粉末可以包括像硬质材料颗粒的摩擦改变颗粒。作为另一种选择,摩擦改变颗粒可以被添加到包括用于腐蚀保护的金属的粉末中。特别是,这些硬质材料颗粒可以是用于增大摩擦的二硼化钛。摩擦改变颗粒可以用于增大或降低所涂覆的表面的摩擦。
根据另一实施方式,金属涂层被构造为第一层和至少一个第二层,所述第一层和所述至少一个第二层使用冷喷涂方法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法)一个接一个地(/彼此重叠地)(one-over-the other)施加。例如,第一层可以是腐蚀保护层,第二层可以是摩擦改变层。另外的层或层的组合也是可行的。
可以将用于涂覆的冷喷涂枪连接到并行地或选择性地注入粉末的多个粉末供给系统。由此可以在不做改变的情况下使用同一枪施加由多种材料制成的多层系统。例如,滚动轴承圈可以进行完全硬化(/穿透硬化)(through-hardened),或者也可以是仅在滚道区域内进行表面硬化(case hardened),使得待涂覆的外几何结构可以根据设计而具有迥然不同的硬度。于是,并非在所有情况下都给予可供给的金属粉末的可焊接性。因此,可能必要的是在圈上喷涂第一层,该层具有助粘剂(adhesion promoter)的特性并且被选择使得其焊接(/熔接)(welds)于下表面(/基面)(subsurface)。然后进而可以将实际期望的层喷涂到该助粘剂层上,该实际期望的层焊接于增粘剂层。依据圈的材料和硬度,例如可以将纯铁或不锈钢的层沉积(deposited)在锌层下,由此与纯锌层相比,整个系统的粘附强度大大提高。
代替通过金属涂层提供保护层的是,或者除了这种保护层之外,还可以使用金属涂层来改变金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的形状。例如,铁粉或钢粉末适于此目的。如果金属涂层没有被施加为薄的保护层,而是局部地施加为较厚的层,则施加的金属例如可以改变表面的形状以便形成肩部或凸台(shoulder or plateau)。以这种方式,能够在无需通过铣削(milling)等进行机械加工的情况下调整金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的形状。
金属涂层还可以包含防污颗粒或不锈钢颗粒,上述颗粒被供给到冷喷涂方法的气体射流。特别地,这种金属涂层可以用作其它层的基础(base)。
此外,提出了一种用于制造金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的方法,所述金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件包括至少一个未喷砂(的)表面以及包括至少一个部分的(partial)金属涂层。这里,使用冷喷涂方法(尤其是高压冷喷涂方法)将金属涂层直接施加到未喷砂(的)表面上。如上面所解释的那样,这具有以下优点:待涂覆的表面已经能够以其最终形状被涂覆。
特别是,在高压下施加金属涂层,优选在大于50bar的情况(/压力)下施加金属涂层。由于高的压力,实现了一种颗粒的焊接的型式;通过冷喷涂方法将颗粒施加到未喷砂的表面上。与到目前为止使用的通过火焰喷涂镀锌方法施加的涂层相比,这些“焊接的(welded)”颗粒具有以下优点:它们能够在无需对待涂覆的表面进行预处理的情况下更好地粘附。通过冷喷涂方法施加的金属涂层不是多孔的,因此也不需要涂漆(lacquered)或密封。
根据另一实施方式,在施加金属涂层之后,可以使用冷喷涂方法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法)施加至少一个第二层。如上面所解释的那样,也可以使用冷喷涂方法施加另外的层。
此外,可以通过施加金属涂层来改变金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的形状。例如,金属涂层可以以肩部或凸台的形状施加,以便在无需铣削或其它机械加工的情况下改变金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的形状。为此目的,仅需将金属涂层较厚地或多次地施加于为此目的而提供的点。以这种方式,能够简便地适配金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的形状。
此外,冷喷涂方法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法)具有以下优点:仅当气体射流中包含的颗粒以直的、未制动的轨迹(unbraked trajectory)并且以足够陡的角度(理想的是,垂直的角度)撞击在金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件的表面上时,这些颗粒才粘附于所述表面。如果颗粒以过平的角度撞击表面,则不会产生粘附。因此,可能的是金属涂层被构造为部分(的)涂层。例如,可以沿轴向方向喷涂(一种涂层)(a),其中与通过火焰喷涂镀锌施加涂层相比,在壁上不产生粘附。仅气体射流以垂直或大致垂直的角度撞击的区域被涂覆。因此,与火喷涂焰镀锌相比,冷喷涂方法的覆盖和遮盖(masking)要求更低。
由于具有更少和恒定的过量喷涂的明显更精确的材料施加、更均匀量的通过量(/吞吐量)(volume throughput)以及密的无孔层,因此与使用火焰喷涂镀锌相比,使用冷喷涂方法(尤其是高压冷喷涂方法)时的层厚度公差明显更低。相应地,待涂覆(的)表面的尺寸和位置公差以可预测的方式移动(shifted)而没有以关键的(/临界的/危险的)(critical)方式恶化。在某些边界条件下,测试显示出用本发明的方法将层厚度散射(/散布/分散)(scattering)减小到仅为火焰喷涂的散射(scattering)的1/10。
进一步的优点和有利的实施方式在说明书、附图和权利要求中提供。这里,特别是在说明书和附图中详细说明的特征的组合纯粹是示例性的,使得这些特征还可以单个存在或者以其它方式组合。
附图说明
以下将使用附图中绘出的示例性实施方式更详细地描述本发明。这里,示例性实施方式和在示例性实施方式中展示的组合纯粹是示例性的,其并不意在限定本发明的范围。本发明的范围仅由未决的权利要求限定。
图1示出了滚动轴承的示意截面图。
附图标记说明
1 滚动轴承
2 内圈
4 外圈
6 滚动元件
具体实施方式
以下,相同的或功能上等同的元件由相同的附图标记表示。
在图1中以极大简化的轮廓绘出了滚动轴承1。滚动轴承1包括内圈2和外圈4。滚动元件6可旋转地布置在这两个圈2、4之间。滚动元件6可以被未示出的保持架保持彼此间隔开。作为另一种选择,代替滚动轴承1的是,轴承还可以是滑动轴承。
滚动轴承1的各组成部件(例如内圈2、外圈4或滚动元件6)可以设置为具有未喷砂(的)表面(non-sandblasted surface)的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件。这里,至少一个未喷砂表面可以设置有至少一个部分的(/局部的)(partial)金属涂层。这里,使用冷喷涂(方)法(尤其是高压冷喷涂方法)将金属涂层直接施加(/涂布)(applied)到未喷砂表面上。
例如,金属涂层可以是腐蚀保护层。这种层可以用于为内圈2或外圈4提供保护层,以保护(这些)组成部件免受腐蚀或生锈。
到目前为止人们认为,对于这种金属涂层,需要对待涂覆的表面进行粗糙化(例如通过喷砂来实现),使得使用火焰喷涂镀锌方法(/火焰喷涂电镀方法)(flame spraygalvanization method)作为漆料(lacquer)施加的或者使用冷喷涂方法施加的金属涂层粘附于该表面。
然而,人们惊讶地发现,对于这里使用的冷喷涂方法(尤其是被执行为高压冷喷涂方法),不一定要通过喷砂来对组成部件2、4的表面预先粗糙化。这意味着可以将金属涂层施加到组成部件2、4的已经以其最终形状存在的表面上。特别是,尺寸或位置公差不受金属涂层的施加的影响。
特别是在大于50bar的情况(/压力)下使用高压冷喷涂方法将金属涂层施加到金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件2、4、6的表面上。通过在高压下施加金属涂层,发生了如下型式的焊接:在冷喷涂方法的气体射流(gas jet)中存在的金属颗粒与滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件2、4、6的表面的焊接。由于这种焊接,产生了特别稳定的金属涂层,该金属涂层与火焰喷涂镀锌(/电镀)涂层相比显示出低的剥落(spalling)的风险。此外,通过这种冷喷涂方法施加的金属涂层不是多孔的,因此可以省去额外的涂漆(lacquering)或密封。
作为另一种选择或另外地,也可以将金属涂层施加到内圈2或外圈4上,使得组成部件2、4的形状改变。例如,可以将金属涂层以肩(/肩部)或凸台(plateau)的形状施加到圈2、4中的一者上。为此目的,仅需使用冷喷涂方法(特别是高压冷喷涂方法)施加较厚的金属涂层或者在一点处多层地施加金属涂层。
由于所提出的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,因此能够提供一种包括了改善的金属涂层的滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,该金属涂层与已知的(例如通过火焰喷涂镀锌而施加的涂层相比更稳定,并且可以施加(/涂布/应用)(applied)到未处理的或未喷砂的表面上。
Claims (11)
1.一种金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(2、4),包括至少一个未喷砂表面以及包括至少一个部分的金属涂层,其特征在于,所述金属涂层被使用冷喷涂方法直接施加到所述未喷砂表面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,其特征在于,所述金属涂层被使用高压冷喷涂方法施加,优选在大于50bar的情况下。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,其特征在于,所述金属涂层是腐蚀保护层。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,其特征在于,所述金属涂层被构造为第一层和至少一个第二层,所述第一层和所述至少一个第二层被使用冷喷涂方法一个接一个地施加。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,其特征在于,所述金属涂层被构造成改变所述金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(2、4)的形状。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件,其特征在于,所述金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件包括压缩应力。
7.一种用于制造金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(2、4)的方法,所述金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(2、4)包括至少一个未喷砂表面以及包括至少一个部分的金属涂层,其特征在于,使用冷喷涂方法将所述金属涂层直接施加到所述未喷砂表面上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,使用高压冷喷涂方法施加所述金属涂层,优选在大于50bar的情况下。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,在施加所述金属涂层之后,使用所述冷喷涂方法施加至少一个第二层。
10.根据权利要求7至9中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属涂层的施加改变了所述金属滚动轴承或滑动轴承组成部件(2、4)的形状。
11.根据权利要求7至10中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属涂层以直的、未制动的轨迹并且以陡的角度、特别是以垂直的角度施加到所述表面上。
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