CN111101966A - Large karst cavity rockfall-preventing elastic tunnel structure and construction method - Google Patents
Large karst cavity rockfall-preventing elastic tunnel structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111101966A CN111101966A CN201911385658.8A CN201911385658A CN111101966A CN 111101966 A CN111101966 A CN 111101966A CN 201911385658 A CN201911385658 A CN 201911385658A CN 111101966 A CN111101966 A CN 111101966A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
An elastic tunnel structure for preventing large karst cavities from falling rocks and a construction method thereof are provided to solve the problems of safety and economy of the tunnel structure in large karst cavities. The tunnel structure adopts reinforced concrete monolithic to pour, and the bottom is located on the tunnel basis that is located on the stable rock foundation, sets up the atress pier stud along the vertical interval symmetry of circuit outside the horizontal both sides of tunnel structure on the tunnel basis. The top end of the stress pier stud is 2-3m higher than the top of the tunnel structure, and a rubber pad is fixedly arranged. The bearing plate longitudinally extending along the line is arranged above the tunnel structure, the two transverse ends of the bearing plate are located on the rubber pads, and the bearing plate is connected with the same-side stressed pier stud through the fixed anchor cables penetrating through the rubber pads. The top surface of the bearing plate is provided with an upper elastic structure, the top end of the elastic structure is provided with an anti-impact plate, and the top surface of the anti-impact plate is fixedly provided with a buffer body; and the outside of the two transverse sides of the tunnel structure is filled with tunnel waste to form a back pressure body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to geotechnical engineering, in particular to a large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
The karst landform distribution of China is wide, karst cavities formed by soluble rocks in karst regions are uncertain and are usually difficult to accurately detect, the karst cavities are quite common for tunnel engineering when the karst cavities pass through the soluble rocks, concrete is usually adopted for filling the cavities if the karst cavities are small, when the karst cavities are large, the concrete is very uneconomical when the karst cavities are all filled, and if the karst cavities are not all filled, rock falling at the tops of the karst cavities can cause hidden danger to the safety of a tunnel structure, so that the large karst cavity rock falling-proof elastic tunnel structure and the construction method have important significance, and the large karst cavity rock falling-proof elastic tunnel structure and the construction method have the characteristics of good rock falling impact resistance effect, convenience in construction, economy, environmental protection, popularization and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure, which aims to solve the safety and economical problems of the tunnel structure in a large karst cavity, effectively resist rockfall impact force at the top of the karst cavity and ensure the safety of the tunnel structure and line operation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure, which comprises a tunnel structure penetrating through a large karst cavity, and is characterized in that: the tunnel structure is integrally cast by adopting reinforced concrete, the bottom of the tunnel structure is located on a tunnel foundation above a stable rock foundation, and stressed pier studs are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the tunnel foundation at intervals along lines outside the two transverse sides of the tunnel structure; the top end of the stressed pier stud is 2-3m higher than the top of the tunnel structure, and a rubber pad is fixedly arranged; a bearing plate longitudinally extending along the line is arranged above the tunnel structure, and two transverse ends of the bearing plate are located on the rubber pads and are connected with the stressed pier columns on the same side through fixed anchor cables penetrating through the rubber pads; the top surface of the bearing plate is provided with an upper elastic structure, the top end of the elastic structure is provided with an anti-impact plate, and the top surface of the anti-impact plate is fixedly provided with a buffer body; and the outside of the two transverse sides of the tunnel structure is filled with tunnel waste to form a back pressure body.
And a lower elastic structure is arranged between the top of the tunnel structure and the bearing plate.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a large karst void rockfall-preventing elastic tunnel structure, which comprises the following steps:
① removing loose earth and stones at the corresponding position at the bottom of the tunnel structure until the surface of the foundation rock is stabilized;
② constructing a tunnel foundation;
③ constructing reinforced concrete of the tunnel structure after the tunnel foundation reaches 80% of the design strength;
④ constructing stress pier column reinforced concrete, and pre-burying and connecting the lower part of the fixed anchor cable in the center of the top of the stress pier column;
⑤ installing rubber pad on the top of the stress pier, fixing the anchor cable through the rubber pad;
⑥ binding a bearing plate reinforcement cage on the top of the rubber pad, fixedly connecting the main reinforcement with the upper part of the fixed anchor cable by light tension, embedding connecting reinforcements at the positions where the upper elastic structure and the lower elastic structure are correspondingly arranged on the top and the center of the bearing plate, and pouring bearing plate concrete;
⑦ installing upper and lower elastic structures, connecting with the embedded connecting steel bar;
⑧ installing a fixed anti-impact plate on top of the upper elastic structure;
⑨ a buffer body is fixedly arranged on the top of the anti-impact plate;
⑩ adopts tunnel waste slag to fill back pressure body symmetrically.
The invention has the advantages that the bearing plate, the elastic structure, the anti-impact plate and the waste tire are arranged above the top of the tunnel structure to form a large-deformation elastic high-strength anti-impact combined structure for resisting the rock falling impact force at the top of the karst cavity; the impact force is mainly transmitted to the stressed pier stud, so that the influence on the tunnel structure is avoided; a rubber pad is arranged between the bearing plate and the stressed pier stud, so that the anti-cutting effect of the bearing plate is greatly relieved; a large enough suspension distance is reserved between the bearing plate and the top of the tunnel structure, and a lower elastic structure is arranged, so that the bearing plate stress can be improved, the engineering investment can be saved, and a large enough deformation space is reserved; the arrangement of the back pressure body ensures the transverse stability of the tunnel structure and greatly relieves the impact of the falling rocks at the top to the two sides of the tunnel structure; the structure solves the problems of safety and economy of the tunnel structure in the large karst cavity, effectively resists the rockfall impact force at the top of the karst cavity and ensures the safety of the tunnel structure and the line operation.
The construction method provided by the invention is simple, can quickly and economically realize the construction of the karst cavity elastic tunnel structure, and has the characteristics of safety, convenience, environmental protection, contribution to popularization and the like.
Drawings
The specification includes the following figures:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a large karst void rockfall-preventing elastic tunnel structure according to the present invention;
the component names and corresponding labels are shown in the figure: the device comprises a tunnel structure 1, a tunnel foundation 2, a stressed pier stud 3, a rubber pad 4, a fixed anchor cable 5, a bearing plate 6, an upper elastic structure 7a, a lower elastic structure 7B, an anti-impact plate 8, a buffer body 9, a counter pressure body 10, a karst cavity boundary A and a ground line B.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
referring to fig. 1, the large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure comprises a tunnel structure 1 penetrating through a large karst cavity, wherein the tunnel structure 1 is integrally cast by reinforced concrete, the bottom of the tunnel structure is located on a tunnel foundation 2 located on a stable rock foundation, and stress piers 3 are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the tunnel foundation 2 at intervals along lines on the outer sides of the tunnel structure 1 in the transverse direction. The top end of the stress pier stud 3 is 2-3m higher than the top of the tunnel structure 1, and a rubber pad 4 is fixedly installed. The tunnel structure 1 is provided with a bearing plate 6 extending longitudinally along the line, and the two transverse ends of the bearing plate 6 are located on the rubber pads 4 and are connected with the stressed pier studs 3 on the same side through fixed anchor cables 5 penetrating through the rubber pads 4. An upper elastic structure 7a is arranged on the top surface of the bearing plate 6, an anti-impact plate 8 is arranged at the top end of the elastic structure 7a, and a buffer body 9 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the anti-impact plate 8. The tunnel structure 1 is filled with tunnel waste outside the two transverse sides to form counter pressure bodies 10. A lower elastic structure 7b is arranged between the top of the tunnel structure 1 and the bearing plate 6.
The bearing plate 6, the upper elastic structure 7a, the anti-impact plate 8 and the buffer body 9 are arranged above the top of the tunnel structure 1 to form a large-deformation elastic high-strength anti-impact combined structure for resisting rockfall impact force on the top of a karst cavity. The impact force is mainly transmitted to the stressed pier stud 3, and the influence on the tunnel structure 1 is avoided. A rubber pad 4 is arranged between the bearing plate 6 and the stressed pier column 7, and a lower elastic structure 7b is arranged between the bearing plate and the top of the tunnel structure 1, so that the anti-cutting effect of the bearing plate 6 and the adverse stress form of large suspension in the middle are greatly relieved, the bearing plate stress is effectively improved, and the engineering investment is saved; the arrangement of the counter-pressure body 10 ensures the lateral stability of the tunnel structure 1 and greatly relieves the impact of the falling rocks at the top on both sides of the tunnel structure 1. The problem of the safety and the economic nature of tunnel structure in the large-scale karst cavity is solved, effectively resist the rock fall impact force at karst cavity top, ensure tunnel structure and circuit operation safety.
The stress of the bearing plate 6 and the impact-resistant plate 8 can be estimated by the maximum dangerous rock impact force at the top of the karst cavity, and the energy dissipation effect of the upper elastic structure 7a and the lower elastic structure 7b is considered for reduction.
Referring to fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment, the upper elastic structure 7a adopts a row of high elastic modulus compression springs arranged in a row at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the line and a row at intervals along the transverse direction of the line, and the lower elastic structure 7b adopts a row of high elastic modulus compression springs arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the line, and the height of the row is not less than 1 m. The section of the anti-impact plate 8 is in a herringbone shape. The tunnel foundation 2 is formed by pouring concrete or building mortar rubble. The buffer body 9 is a waste tire bound on the top surface of the impact-resistant plate 8. The counterpressure body 10 is arranged at a height which generally corresponds to the height of the roof of the tunnel structure 1.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for constructing a large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure of the invention comprises the following steps:
① removing loose earth and stones at the corresponding position at the bottom of the tunnel structure 1 until the base rock surface is stabilized;
② constructing the tunnel foundation 2;
③ constructing the reinforced concrete of the tunnel structure 1 after the tunnel foundation 2 reaches 80% of the design strength;
④ constructing stress pier stud 3 reinforced concrete, and embedding and connecting the lower part of the fixed anchor cable 5 in the center of the top of the stress pier stud 3;
⑤ installing rubber pads 4 on the top of the stress pier stud 3, fixing anchor cables 5 passing through the rubber pads 4;
⑥ binding a steel bar cage of the bearing plate 6 on the top of the rubber pad 4, fixedly connecting a main steel bar with the upper part of the fixed anchor cable 5 by light tensioning, embedding a connecting steel bar at the position where the upper elastic structure 7a and the lower elastic structure 7b are correspondingly arranged on the top and the center of the bearing plate 6, and pouring concrete of the bearing plate 6;
⑦ installing an upper elastic structure 7a and a lower elastic structure 7b, connecting with the embedded connecting steel bar;
⑧ fixing the impact 8 on top of the upper elastic structure 7 a;
⑨ a buffer body 9 is fixedly arranged on the top of the impact plate 8;
⑩ the back pressure body 10 is filled symmetrically by using the tunnel spoil layer.
The construction method is simple, can quickly and economically realize the construction of the karst cavity elastic tunnel structure, and has the characteristics of safety, convenience, environmental protection, contribution to popularization and the like.
The foregoing is only illustrative of some of the principles of the large karst void rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure and construction method of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific structure and construction method shown and described, and all modifications and equivalents that may be utilized are intended to fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a large-scale karst cavity rock fall prevention elasticity tunnel structure, is including passing through large-scale karst cavity's tunnel structure (1), characterized by: the tunnel structure (1) is integrally cast by adopting reinforced concrete, the bottom of the tunnel structure is located on a tunnel foundation (2) above a stable rock foundation, and stress pier studs (3) are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the tunnel foundation (2) at intervals along the line on the outer sides of the transverse direction of the tunnel structure (1); the top end of the stressed pier stud (3) is 2-3m higher than the top of the tunnel structure (1), and a rubber pad (4) is fixedly installed; a bearing plate (6) extending longitudinally along the line is arranged above the tunnel structure (1), two transverse ends of the bearing plate (6) are located on the rubber pads (4), and the bearing plate is connected with the stressed pier columns (3) on the same side through fixed anchor cables (5) penetrating through the rubber pads (4); an upper elastic structure (7a) is arranged on the top surface of the bearing plate (6), an anti-impact plate (8) is arranged at the top end of the elastic structure (7), and a buffer body (9) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the anti-impact plate (8); and the tunnel structure (1) is externally filled with tunnel waste on the two transverse sides to form a back pressure body (10).
2. The large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein: and a lower elastic structure (7b) is arranged between the top of the tunnel structure (1) and the bearing plate (6).
3. A large karst void rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the upper elastic structure (7a) is a high-elastic modulus compression spring which is arranged in a row at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the line and in a row at intervals along the transverse direction of the line, and the lower elastic structure (7b) is a row of high-elastic modulus compression springs which are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the line and have the height not less than 1 m.
4. The large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein: the section of the anti-impact plate (8) is in a herringbone shape.
5. The large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein: the tunnel foundation (2) is formed by pouring concrete or building mortar rubble.
6. The large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein: the buffer body (9) is a waste tire bound on the top surface of the anti-impact plate (8).
7. The large karst cavity rockfall prevention elastic tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein: the set height of the back pressure body (10) is consistent with the top elevation of the tunnel structure (1).
8. The method for constructing a large karst cavity rockfall elastic tunnel structure as claimed in claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
① removing loose earth and stones at the corresponding position at the bottom of the tunnel structure (1) until the base rock surface is stabilized;
② constructing a tunnel foundation (2);
③ after the tunnel foundation (2) reaches 80% of the design strength, constructing the reinforced concrete of the tunnel structure (1);
④ constructing the stressed pier stud (3) by reinforced concrete, and embedding and connecting the lower part of the fixed anchor cable (5) in the center of the top of the stressed pier stud (3);
⑤ a rubber pad (4) is arranged on the top of the stress pier stud 3, and a fixed anchor cable (5) passes through the rubber pad (4);
⑥ binding a steel reinforcement cage of the bearing plate (6) on the top of the rubber pad (4), fixedly connecting a main steel reinforcement with the upper part of the fixed anchor cable (5) in a light tensioning manner, embedding connecting steel reinforcements at positions where the upper elastic structure (7a) and the lower elastic structure (7b) are correspondingly arranged on the top and the center of the bearing plate (6), and pouring concrete of the bearing plate (6);
⑦ an upper elastic structure (7a) and a lower elastic structure (7b) are arranged and connected with the embedded connecting steel bars;
⑧ installing and fixing an impact resistance (8) on the top of the upper elastic structure (7 a);
⑨ a buffer body (9) is fixedly arranged on the top of the anti-impact plate (8);
⑩ the back pressure body (10) is filled symmetrically by using the tunnel waste slag layer.
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| CN201911385658.8A CN111101966A (en) | 2019-12-29 | 2019-12-29 | Large karst cavity rockfall-preventing elastic tunnel structure and construction method |
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| CN201911385658.8A CN111101966A (en) | 2019-12-29 | 2019-12-29 | Large karst cavity rockfall-preventing elastic tunnel structure and construction method |
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