CN111101372B - 一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,步骤一、天然香蒲绒有效成分的提取工艺;步骤二、纤维素纤维阳离子的改性;步骤三、香蒲绒有效成分浸渍整理纤维素纤维。本发明利用纤维素纤维经过阳离子改性后在加工过程中加入天然提取香蒲绒有效成分,赋予纤维素纤维的防蚊、抗菌功能。本方法整理后面料具有持久有效的防蚊、抗菌作用,且具有较好的耐水洗性、耐摩擦性,原料属于生态整理范畴,整理工艺简单易行。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纤维素纤维领域,具体涉及一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
香蒲是一种香蒲科草本植物,常见于水边和沼泽地。香蒲从形态结构分为雌花序和雄花序,香蒲绒就是雌花序成熟后的形态。
香蒲绒纤维具有实用性能,其质轻、中空,内部可以储存大量空气,可以用作吸附油质;对人体有保健作用,常用作枕头的填充物,可安神助眠;还可做医疗用品,可以起到抗菌、消炎、止血的作用;香蒲绒因具有独特的吸附性能,在泰国常被用于纺织印染废水处理过程中,可以吸附一些络合物;香蒲绒还有驱蚊的作用,其中酯类、酮类和醇类是防蚊有效成分,可以通过释放某种香味使蚊虫神经产生混乱而迷失方向,经碰撞后击落早期就有人燃烧香蒲棒来达到驱蚊的目的。
近期也有工作者把香蒲绒应用到纺织品上,西安工程大学侯琳采用共混纺丝法,在香蒲绒和纤维素中加入了防蚊整理剂,制成的防蚊再生纤维素具有优良的防蚊性能,对蚊虫的驱避率达70%以上,防蚊持久性好,经多次水洗后测试仍具有较好的驱蚊效果。
湖南省中医药研究院刘法锦对香蒲属织物中化学成分进行了分析,发现香蒲雌花序香蒲绒中含有一些酸性成分如香草酸、反式对羟基肉桂酸、原儿茶酸和琥珀酸,还有其他成分如甘油单香豆酸酯、对羟基苯甲醛和D-甘露醇,其中酯类和醇类具有防蚊效果,反式对羟基肉桂酸对克式锥虫抑制活性有100%;还经过抗菌测试,发现除了酯类和醇类其余成分都具有明显的抗菌效果。
沈阳药学院徐利峰等人通过红外光谱、质谱和碳谱等仪器在香蒲属雌花序香蒲绒中发现一种新的酸性成分,名为香蒲酸。香蒲酸分子结构中含有多个羧基,其中一号位和三号位上各连一个羧基,两个羧基之间的碳原子数不超过3个,符合DP整理中多元羧酸类整理剂的结构。故本文在此基础上试图探究从香蒲绒中提取天然染料进行染色,并且利用香蒲绒中有效成分香蒲酸代替多元羧酸整理剂的添加,目的是使香蒲绒染料对棉染色具备较好的染色牢度,既可以集染整为一体,又具备防蚊效果,符合节能环保的理念。
香蒲绒提取液呈深棕色,因香蒲绒内化学物质太过复杂,并不能以某单一种成分作为发色体系,只能以某一主要成分作为香蒲绒的发色体系。香蒲绒主要由酸性成分组成,故香蒲绒制取的天然染料上染棉纤维类似于酸性染料。本发明以香蒲酸为发色成分,以阳离子改性法探讨香蒲绒染料对棉织物的上染。因香蒲酸分子中有多个酸性基团羧基,羧基在碱剂的作用下能电离为羧酸根负离子基团,经阳离子改性的棉织物上布满了大量的正电荷,可以与羧酸根离子坚牢地以库仑力结合。
香蒲绒染料上染棉织物媒染法的机理是香蒲酸中含有可以与多价金属离子发生络合的基团羧基,香蒲酸、金属离子和纤维素可以通过络合作用形成稳定的化合物,固色率和染色速率都比直接染色法高。
发明内容
发明目的:为了解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法。
技术方案:一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、天然香蒲绒有效成分的提取工艺:香蒲绒-配制-沸水提取-浓缩,90-100℃,1-1.5h、料液比为1:10-1:30、NaOH用量5-10g/L;香蒲绒的有效成分为香蒲酸,制成香蒲绒整理剂;
步骤二、纤维素纤维阳离子的改性:配制阳离子改性液-升温-投入纤维素纤维-保温-取纤维素纤维-冷水洗2次-热水洗2次-晾干;其中,阳离子改性剂为3-10%(o.w.f)、NaOH浓度为5-10g/L、温度为30-60℃、浸渍时间为30-60min、浴比为1:10-1:30;
步骤三、香蒲绒有效成分浸渍整理纤维素纤维:具体工艺条件如下:配制整理液→浸渍→烘干→皂煮→冷水洗2次→热水洗2次→烘干;其中,配制整理液的配方如下:香蒲绒整理剂:5-15%(o.w.f);NaCl:10-30g/L;pH值:8-9.5;浴比:1:50。
作为优化:所述的步骤三中,浸渍改性后的纤维素纤维,温度为60-90℃,时间为30-90min。
作为优化:所述的步骤三中,烘干的温度为80-100℃,时间为2-5min。
作为优化:所述的步骤三中,皂煮的皂煮液为2g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min。
有益效果:本发明利用纤维素纤维经过阳离子改性后在加工过程中加入天然提取香蒲绒有效成分,赋予纤维素纤维的防蚊、抗菌功能。本方法整理后面料具有持久有效的防蚊、抗菌作用,且具有较好的耐水洗性、耐摩擦性,原料属于生态整理范畴,整理工艺简单易行。
附图说明
图1是本发明的织物扫描电镜示意图;其中,(a)(b)(c)为原棉,(d)(e)(f)为阳离子改性棉,(g)(h)为香蒲绒染色后织物;
图2是本发明的红外光谱测试示意图;其中,(a)为原棉,(b)为阳离子改性棉,(c)为香蒲绒染色棉。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,以使本领域的技术人员能够更好的理解本发明的优点和特征,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚的界定。本发明所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
具体实施例一
一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、天然香蒲绒有效成分的提取工艺:香蒲绒-配制-沸水提取-浓缩,90-100℃,1-1.5h、料液比为1:10-1:30、NaOH用量5-10g/L;香蒲绒的有效成分为香蒲酸,制成香蒲绒整理剂;
步骤二、纤维素纤维阳离子的改性:配制阳离子改性液-升温-投入纤维素纤维-保温-取纤维素纤维-冷水洗2次-热水洗2次-晾干;其中,阳离子改性剂为3-10%(o.w.f)、NaOH浓度为5-10g/L、温度为30-60℃、浸渍时间为30-60min、浴比为1:10-1:30;
步骤三、香蒲绒有效成分浸渍整理纤维素纤维:具体工艺条件如下:配制整理液→浸渍→烘干→皂煮→冷水洗2次→热水洗2次→烘干;其中,a配制整理液的配方如下:香蒲绒整理剂:5-15%(o.w.f);NaCl:10-30g/L;pH值:8-9.5;浴比:1:50;b浸渍改性后的纤维素纤维,温度为60-90℃,时间为30-90min;c烘干的温度为80-100℃,时间为2-5min;d皂煮的皂煮液为2g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min。
具体实施例二
一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、天然香蒲绒有效成分的提取工艺:香蒲绒-配制-沸水提取-浓缩,90-100℃,1-1.5h、料液比为1:10-1:30、NaOH用量5-10g/L;香蒲绒的有效成分为香蒲酸,制成香蒲绒整理剂;
步骤二、纤维素纤维阳离子的改性:配制阳离子改性液-升温-投入纤维素纤维-保温-取纤维素纤维-冷水洗2次-热水洗2次-晾干;其中,阳离子改性剂为3-10%(o.w.f)、NaOH浓度为5-10g/L、温度为30-60℃、浸渍时间为30-60min、浴比为1:10-1:30;
步骤三、香蒲绒有效成分浸渍整理纤维素纤维:具体工艺条件如下:配制整理液→浸渍→烘干→皂煮→冷水洗2次→热水洗2次→烘干;其中,a配制整理液的配方如下:香蒲绒整理剂:5-15%(o.w.f);NaCl:10-30g/L;pH值:8-9.5;浴比:1:50;b浸渍改性后的纤维素纤维,温度为60-90℃,时间为30-90min;c烘干的温度为80-100℃,时间为2-5min;d皂煮的皂煮液为2g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min。
具体实施例三
一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、天然香蒲绒有效成分的提取工艺:香蒲绒-配制-沸水提取-浓缩,90-100℃,1-1.5h、料液比为1:10-1:30、NaOH用量5-10g/L;香蒲绒的有效成分为香蒲酸,制成香蒲绒整理剂;
步骤二、纤维素纤维阳离子的改性:配制阳离子改性液-升温-投入纤维素纤维-保温-取纤维素纤维-冷水洗2次-热水洗2次-晾干;其中,阳离子改性剂为3-10%(o.w.f)、NaOH浓度为5-10g/L、温度为30-60℃、浸渍时间为30-60min、浴比为1:10-1:30;
步骤三、香蒲绒有效成分浸渍整理纤维素纤维:具体工艺条件如下:配制整理液→浸渍→烘干→皂煮→冷水洗2次→热水洗2次→烘干;其中,a配制整理液的配方如下:香蒲绒整理剂:5-15%(o.w.f);NaCl:10-30g/L;pH值:8-9.5;浴比:1:50;b浸渍改性后的纤维素纤维,温度为60-90℃,时间为30-90min;c烘干的温度为80-100℃,时间为2-5min;d皂煮的皂煮液为2g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min。
本发明整理后织物染色牢度分析如下:对纤维素纤维阳离子改性染色后的织物以BTCA与CA复配、香蒲绒轧烘法两种方法进行后整理,并与未经后整理的织物作对比。香蒲绒纺织品按GB/T 3921.1-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》方法A(1)、GB/T 8629-2017《纺织品试验用家庭洗涤和干燥程序》模拟测试、GB/T 3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》测试染色牢度并测试评级,见表1所示,表2、3、4为各织物在温度35℃、皂煮液2g/L、每次水洗10min的染色效果。
表1织物染色牢度
表2 BTCA与CA复配整理耐水洗牢度
表3香蒲酸轧烘法耐水洗牢度
表4未整理织物耐水洗牢度
由表1可知,耐皂洗牢度BTCA与CA复配整理方法约提高0.5级,香蒲酸轧烘法略有下降;香蒲酸轧烘法整理的织物耐摩擦牢度略有上升。这可能是因为整理剂及香蒲酸在酸催化剂的作用下,脱水成苷与纤维素中的羟基发生酯键交联,增强了染料分子与纤维的作用力从而提高了染色牢度。
由表2、3、4可知,经BTCA与CA处理的织物偏黄光较多,这可能是因为CA在高温情况下生成乌头酸,乌头酸本来就显黄色进而使织物泛黄。且在之后的水洗过程中,△a与△b值都逐渐降低,这说明经过水洗后经整理剂处理过的织物色光发生变化,偏绿蓝光但K/S有所增加;经香蒲酸轧烘法整理的织物色光没有变化,但K/S值相比其余两者下降较多;未经后整理的织物耐水洗性较好,即使经过15次洗涤颜色深度变化仍很小,且△a与△b值几乎无变化,说明其色光没有发生变化。
本发明的纺织品扫描电镜测试分析如下:通过Hitachi-S-3400SEM扫描电子显微镜对原棉、阳离子改性棉、香蒲绒染色后织物进行扫描透镜测试如图1所示。根据图1可知,从原棉(a)(b)(c)到阳离子改性棉(d)(e)(f),原样经过阳离子改姓后,纤维表面有白点产生,这说明阳离子改性剂对棉纤维完成了接枝,从染色织物(g)(h)可知白色小点逐渐增大且增多,这说明香蒲绒染料上染到纤维上了。
本发明的纺织品远红外光谱测试分析如下:通过TENSOR 27傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对原棉、阳离子改姓织物、香蒲绒染色织物测试如图2所示。根据图2,从(a)到(b)可知,阳离子改性后,光谱在在1100cm-1左右丢失一个较强的伸缩振动,这说明失去了一个伯醇基;从(b)到(c)发现,在1100cm-1处重新出现了一个伸缩振动,这可能是因为在染色过程中生成了一个伯醇基。
本发明的纺织品抗菌效果分析如下:按照GB/T-20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价》对香蒲绒纺织品进行测试,经香蒲绒整理后织物的抗菌效果明显,纺织品的抑菌率为99.29%,表明纺织品抗菌效果很好,香蒲绒中的醛类和酸性成分对大肠杆菌起了较强的抑制作用。
Claims (4)
1.一种天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、天然香蒲绒有效成分的提取工艺:香蒲绒-配制-沸水提取-浓缩,90-100℃,1-1.5h、料液比为1:10-1:30、NaOH用量5-10g/L;香蒲绒的有效成分为香蒲酸,制成香蒲绒整理剂;
步骤二、纤维素纤维阳离子的改性:配制阳离子改性液-升温-投入纤维素纤维-保温-取纤维素纤维-冷水洗2次-热水洗2次-晾干;其中,阳离子改性剂为3-10%o.w.f、NaOH浓度为5-10g/L、温度为30-60℃、浸渍时间为30-60min、浴比为1:10-1:30;
步骤三、香蒲绒有效成分浸渍整理纤维素纤维:具体工艺条件如下:配制整理液→浸渍→烘干→皂煮→冷水洗2次→热水洗2次→烘干;其中,配制整理液的配方如下:香蒲绒整理剂:5-15%o.w.f;NaCl:10-30g/L;pH值:8-9.5;浴比:1:50。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤三中,浸渍改性后的纤维素纤维,温度为60-90℃,时间为30-90min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤三中,烘干的温度为80-100℃,时间为2-5min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的天然香蒲绒防蚊纤维素纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤三中,皂煮的皂煮液为2g/L,温度为40℃,时间为10min。
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