CN111096454A - Technology for extracting freeze-dried powder from plants - Google Patents
Technology for extracting freeze-dried powder from plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN111096454A CN111096454A CN201911371944.9A CN201911371944A CN111096454A CN 111096454 A CN111096454 A CN 111096454A CN 201911371944 A CN201911371944 A CN 201911371944A CN 111096454 A CN111096454 A CN 111096454A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000874 microwave-assisted extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 bisimidazole cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AZUHIVLOSAPWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-imidazol-2-yl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2NC=CN=2)=N1 AZUHIVLOSAPWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000452732 Nostoc sphaeroides Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010053210 Phycocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010004729 Phycoerythrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/99—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from microorganisms other than algae or fungi, e.g. protozoa or bacteria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/84—Products or compounds obtained by lyophilisation, freeze-drying
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a technology for extracting freeze-dried powder from plants, which comprises the following steps: mixing the ionic liquid and common organic extraction liquid to obtain layered synergistic extraction liquid; pretreating plants to obtain plant powder; introducing carbon dioxide into the synergistic extraction liquid to obtain high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid with plant powder, after microwave-assisted extraction, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide, converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid into the synergistic extraction liquid to obtain extraction liquid, separating the extraction liquid into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and removing the solvent from the organic layer to obtain an organic matter; adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances, and concentrating; respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter, and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder. The invention can efficiently extract the effective components of the plants, maintain the excellent quality of the product, ensure the faster drying rate, reduce the moisture and prolong the shelf life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction, in particular to a technology for extracting freeze-dried powder from plants.
Background
The plant extraction is that proper solvent or method is adopted, plant (whole plant or part of plant) is used as raw material, extraction, purification and processing are carried out, the extract can be used for improving health or other purposes, the main active ingredients of the extract comprise alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, glycosides, organic acids, volatile oils and the like, the extract can be applied to the industries of nutritional supplements, health-care foods, cosmetics and the like, is a core product in the natural medicine health-care product market, and the plant extraction is fundamentally from Chinese herbal medicines and is already active in the international stage. The prior high-efficiency plant extraction method is relatively lacked, and the extracted components are easy to deteriorate and have short storage time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technology for extracting plant freeze-dried powder, which can efficiently extract effective components of plants, and the extracted components are freeze-dried in vacuum to prepare the freeze-dried powder.
The invention has the technical problems that the prior high-efficiency plant extraction method is relatively lacked, the extracted components are easy to deteriorate, the storage time is short, the prior plant extraction method only adopts a common extraction method for plant extraction, such as water extraction and alcohol extraction, and a water body or alcohol extraction only has a better extraction rate for substances with similar polarity to the water body or alcohol extraction due to a similar compatibility principle, so that the high-efficiency extraction cannot be carried out.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a technology for extracting freeze-dried powder from plants, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the ionic liquid and common organic extraction liquid to obtain layered synergistic extraction liquid;
pretreating plants to obtain plant powder;
introducing carbon dioxide into ionic liquid to obtain high-polarity ionic liquid, mixing the high-polarity ionic liquid with plant powder, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction, converting the high-polarity ionic liquid into the ionic liquid to obtain extract, separating the extract into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and removing a solvent from the organic layer to obtain an organic matter;
adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, oscillating sufficiently, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating to density of 1.5-2g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter, and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
As a further improvement of the invention, the common organic extraction liquid is one or a mixture of several of ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, n-hexane, acetone and diethyl ether.
As one of the technical schemes of the invention: the ionic liquid comprises a bisimidazole cation and a hydrophobic anion, wherein the structure of the bisimidazole cation is as follows:
wherein R is1Is C1-3Carbon chain of (2), R2Is C1-20The alkyl group of (a) is,
wherein the hydrophobic anion is NTf2 -、PF6 -、OTf-One or more of them are mixed.
As a further improvement of the invention, the plant pretreatment method comprises the steps of cleaning, drying, crushing, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder.
As a further improvement of the invention, the high-polarity ionic liquid comprises the hydrophobic anion and a bisimidazole zwitterion prepared by reacting with the bisimidazole cation, wherein the structure of the bisimidazole zwitterion is as follows:
wherein R is1Is C1-3Carbon chain of (2), R2Is C1-20Alkyl group of (1).
As a further improvement of the invention, the microwave-assisted extraction conditions are that the temperature is 40-60 ℃, the microwave power is 500-1000W, and the extraction time is 1-3 h.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method for removing the solvent from the organic layer is natural volatilization, reduced pressure distillation or reduced pressure suspension distillation.
As a further improvement of the invention, the freeze drying condition is that the temperature is kept at minus 10 ℃ for 10-30min, the temperature is continuously reduced to minus 15 ℃ for freeze drying for 2-5h, and the temperature is continuously reduced to minus 25 ℃ for freeze drying for 10-15 h.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method for converting the high-polarity synergic extract liquid back to the synergic extract liquid is heating to 40-100 ℃.
The invention further protects the plant extract freeze-dried powder prepared by the plant extract freeze-dried powder technology.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention can efficiently extract the effective components of the plants, and the extracted components are frozen and dried in vacuum to prepare the freeze-dried powder, so that the excellent quality of the product is maintained, the faster drying rate is ensured, the moisture is reduced, and the shelf life is prolonged.
The invention provides a novel ionic liquid. Can adjust this ionic liquid's polarity through letting in carbon dioxide, in order to reach and lipophilic and hydrophilic organic matter mutually soluble, improve the extraction rate, extract with organic extraction liquid is cooperative, the extraction efficiency has been improved greatly, high polarity ionic liquid after the extraction returns ordinary ionic liquid through the heating, after the oscillation, dissolve in the lipophilic organic matter of high polarity ionic liquid and be extracted to the organic layer, ionic liquid layer and water oscillation extraction back, hydrophilic organic matter is extracted to the water layer, thereby realize ionic liquid and extract fully separated, make this ionic liquid repeatedly usable.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 preparation of ionic liquids:
the preparation reaction equation is as follows:
s1, taking a proper amount of alkyl halide (R)2X), alkali and imidazole are dissolved in a solvent such as acetonitrile to react, as shown in formula 3. In formula 1, R2Is C1-20An alkyl group.
S2, taking the product of the formula 1 and dihalide (X-R)1-X) as shown in formula 2. In formula 2, R1Is C1-3Alkylene and X may be chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
S3, carrying out an anion exchange step on the product in the formula 2 and a hydrophobic anion lithium salt (LiX'), wherein the anion exchange step is shown in a formula 3. In formula 3, X' may be NTf2-、PF6-、OTf-Or a combination of the foregoing.
Example 2 technique for extracting lyophilized powder from plant
The method comprises the following steps:
s1. mixing of the Ionic liquids prepared in example 1 (R)1＝C1Alkyl radical, R2＝C8Alkyl radical, the anion X' being NTf2-) And n-hexane (volume ratio 1:1) to obtain layered synergistic extract;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, introducing carbon dioxide into the synergistic extraction liquid with the introduction amount of 50g/h/L to obtain high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid with plant powder, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, stopping introducing carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 40 ℃, the microwave power is 500W, and the extraction time is 1h), converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid back to the synergistic extraction liquid (the method is heating to 40 ℃) to obtain extraction liquid, separating the extraction liquid into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and removing n-hexane through reduced pressure distillation to obtain an organic matter;
s4, adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating until the density is 1.5g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
s5, respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 10min, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 15 ℃ for freeze-drying for 2h, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for freeze-drying for 10h, and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Example 3 technique for extracting lyophilized powder from plant
The method comprises the following steps:
s1. mixing of the Ionic liquids prepared in example 1 (R)1＝C2Alkyl radical, R2＝C7Alkyl radical, the anion X' being NTf2-) And ethyl acetate (volume ratio 1:1) to obtain layered synergistic extract;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, introducing carbon dioxide into the synergistic extraction liquid with the introduction amount of 50g/h/L to obtain high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid with plant powder, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, stopping introducing carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 50 ℃, the microwave power is 700W, and the extraction time is 3h), converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid into the synergistic extraction liquid (the method is heating to 60 ℃), obtaining extraction liquid, separating the extraction liquid into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and naturally volatilizing to remove ethyl acetate to obtain an organic matter;
s4, adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating until the density is 1.7g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
s5, respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 30min, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 15 ℃ for freeze-drying for 5h, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for freeze-drying for 15h, and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Example 4 technique for extracting lyophilized powder from plant
The method comprises the following steps:
s1. mixing of the Ionic liquids prepared in example 1 (R)1＝C2Alkyl radical, R2＝C5Alkyl radical, the anion X' being NTf2-) And petroleum ether (volume ratio is 1:1) to obtain layered synergistic extract;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, introducing carbon dioxide into the synergistic extraction liquid with the introduction amount of 50g/h/L to obtain high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid with plant powder, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, stopping introducing carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 60 ℃, the microwave power is 1000W, and the extraction time is 3h), converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid back to the synergistic extraction liquid (the method is heating to 90 ℃), obtaining extraction liquid, separating the extraction liquid into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and performing reduced pressure suspension evaporation to remove petroleum ether to obtain an organic matter;
s4, adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating until the density is 2g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
s5, respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 30min, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 15 ℃ for freeze-drying for 5h, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for freeze-drying for 15h, and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 4, petroleum ether is not added into the synergistic extraction liquid, and other conditions are consistent.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1. Ionic liquid (R) prepared in example 11＝C2Alkyl radical, R2＝C5Alkyl radical, the anion X' being NTf2 -) Obtaining extract liquor;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, introducing carbon dioxide into the extraction liquid with the introduction amount of 50g/h/L to obtain high-polarity extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity extraction liquid with plant powder, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, stopping introducing carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 60 ℃, the microwave power is 1000W, and the extraction time is 3h), and converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid back to the synergistic extraction liquid (the method is heating to 90 ℃) to obtain extraction liquid;
s4, adding deionized water into the extract, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous solution, and concentrating until the density is 2g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
s5, freeze-drying the concentrated water extract at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 30min, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 15 ℃, freeze-drying for 5h, and continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 25 ℃, freeze-drying for 15h to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 4, no ionic liquid was added, and other conditions were consistent.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, using petroleum ether as an extraction liquid;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, mixing the petroleum ether with plant powder, wherein the solid-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, performing microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 60 ℃, the microwave power is 1000W, and the extraction time is 3h) to obtain an extract, and performing reduced pressure suspension evaporation to remove petroleum ether to obtain an organic matter;
s4, respectively carrying out freeze drying on the organic matters at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 30min, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 15 ℃, carrying out freeze drying for 5h, and continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 25 ℃, carrying out freeze drying for 15h, thus obtaining the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 4, the difference is only that: the ionic liquids used are different.
The ionic liquid of this comparative example was prepared by anion exchange of cations with a hydrophobic anionic lithium salt (LiX'). What is needed isThe cation is the structure described in patent document 201310012737.0 "ionic liquid and method for extracting oil and fat by using ionic liquid",
R1＝C2alkyl radical, R2＝C5An alkyl group; x' is NTf2 -。
Technology for extracting freeze-dried powder from plants
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing ionic liquid and petroleum ether (volume ratio is 1:1) to obtain layered synergistic extraction liquid;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, introducing carbon dioxide into the synergistic extraction liquid with the introduction amount of 50g/h/L to obtain high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid with plant powder, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, stopping introducing carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 60 ℃, the microwave power is 1000W, and the extraction time is 3h), converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid back to the synergistic extraction liquid (the method is heating to 90 ℃), obtaining extraction liquid, separating the extraction liquid into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and performing reduced pressure suspension evaporation to remove petroleum ether to obtain an organic matter;
s4, adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating until the density is 2g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
s5, respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 30min, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 15 ℃ for freeze-drying for 5h, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for freeze-drying for 15h, and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 4
Compared with example 4, the difference is only that: staged freeze-drying was not employed.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1. mixing of the Ionic liquids prepared in example 1 (R)1＝C2Alkyl radical, R2＝C5Alkyl radicalThe anion X' is NTf2-) And petroleum ether (volume ratio is 1:1) to obtain layered synergistic extract;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, introducing carbon dioxide into the synergistic extraction liquid with the introduction amount of 50g/h/L to obtain high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid with plant powder, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, stopping introducing carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 60 ℃, the microwave power is 1000W, and the extraction time is 3h), converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid back to the synergistic extraction liquid (the method is heating to 90 ℃), obtaining extraction liquid, separating the extraction liquid into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and performing reduced pressure suspension evaporation to remove petroleum ether to obtain an organic matter;
s4, adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating until the density is 2g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
s5, respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter at (-25 ℃ for 20.5h), and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 5
Compared with example 4, the difference is only that: freeze-drying was performed 2 times in stages.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1. mixing of the Ionic liquids prepared in example 1 (R)1＝C2Alkyl radical, R2＝C5Alkyl radical, the anion X' being NTf2-) And petroleum ether (volume ratio is 1:1) to obtain layered synergistic extract;
s2, cleaning, drying and crushing the plants, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying filter residues to obtain plant powder;
s3, introducing carbon dioxide into the synergistic extraction liquid with the introduction amount of 50g/h/L to obtain high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid, mixing the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid with plant powder, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 5g/mL, stopping introducing carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction (the temperature is 60 ℃, the microwave power is 1000W, and the extraction time is 3h), converting the high-polarity synergistic extraction liquid back to the synergistic extraction liquid (the method is heating to 90 ℃), obtaining extraction liquid, separating the extraction liquid into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and performing reduced pressure suspension evaporation to remove petroleum ether to obtain an organic matter;
s4, adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, fully oscillating, extracting hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating until the density is 2g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
s5, respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for 30min, continuously cooling to the temperature of minus 25 ℃, and freeze-drying for 20h), and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
Test example 1
The plants in examples 2-4 and comparative examples 1-3 were the same batch of microalgae nostoc sphaeroides, and the nutrient composition of the obtained freeze-dried powder is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the nostoc sphaeroides extract freeze-dried powder prepared in embodiments 2-4 of the invention has rich nutritional ingredients, and the beneficial ingredients, namely polysaccharide, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, acids, esters, phenols and ketones, have higher ratios.
Compared with comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the extraction effect is obviously reduced without adding petroleum ether or ionic liquid.
Comparative example 3 using the prior art ionic liquid, the prior art ionic liquid has a cationic structure containing only one imidazole group, and the overall extraction efficiency is greatly reduced compared to the present invention.
Test example 1
The plants in examples 2-4 and comparative examples 4 and 5 are the same batch of microalgae nostoc sphaeroides, and the moisture content and shelf life of the obtained freeze-dried powder are compared and shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Group of | Moisture content (%) | Shelf life (Tian) |
| Example 2 | <0.5％ | 270 |
| Example 3 | <0.5％ | 276 |
| Example 4 | <0.5％ | 287 |
| Comparative example 4 | 5.7％ | 40 |
| Comparative example 5 | 3.2％ | 75 |
As can be seen from table 1, the nostoc sphaeroides extract freeze-dried powder prepared in embodiments 2-4 of the invention has low water content, is not easy to absorb moisture after being taken out, and has long shelf life.
Comparative example 4 does not adopt staged freeze drying, the freeze drying effect is poor, the moisture content is still 5.7% after drying, and the moisture absorption is rapid after taking out, and the shelf life is short.
Comparative example 5 adopts 2-stage freeze drying, the freeze drying effect is not as good as that of example 4, the moisture content after drying is 3.2 percent and is obviously higher than that of example 4, and the moisture absorption is faster after the drying is taken out, and the shelf life is not long.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can efficiently extract the effective components of the plants, and the extracted components are frozen and dried in vacuum to prepare the freeze-dried powder, so that the excellent quality of the product is maintained, the faster drying speed is ensured, the moisture is reduced, and the shelf life is prolonged.
The invention provides a novel ionic liquid. Can adjust this ionic liquid's polarity through letting in carbon dioxide, in order to reach and lipophilic and hydrophilic organic matter mutually soluble, improve the extraction rate, extract with organic extraction liquid is cooperative, the extraction efficiency has been improved greatly, high polarity ionic liquid after the extraction returns ordinary ionic liquid through the heating, after the oscillation, dissolve in the lipophilic organic matter of high polarity ionic liquid and be extracted to the organic layer, ionic liquid layer and water oscillation extraction back, hydrophilic organic matter is extracted to the water layer, thereby realize ionic liquid and extract fully separated, make this ionic liquid repeatedly usable.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A technology for extracting freeze-dried powder from plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the ionic liquid and common organic extraction liquid to obtain layered synergistic extraction liquid;
pretreating plants to obtain plant powder;
introducing carbon dioxide into ionic liquid to obtain high-polarity ionic liquid, mixing the high-polarity ionic liquid with plant powder, stopping introducing the carbon dioxide after microwave-assisted extraction, converting the high-polarity ionic liquid into the ionic liquid to obtain extract, separating the extract into an organic layer and an ionic liquid layer, and removing a solvent from the organic layer to obtain an organic matter;
adding deionized water into the ionic liquid layer, oscillating sufficiently to extract hydrophilic substances to obtain aqueous liquid, and concentrating to density of 1.5-2g/cm3Concentrating the water extract;
respectively freeze-drying the concentrated water extract and the organic matter, and uniformly mixing the prepared freeze-dried powder to obtain the plant extraction freeze-dried powder.
2. The technique of freeze-dried powder for plant extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common organic extract is selected from one or more of ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, n-hexane, acetone, and diethyl ether.
3. The technology of claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a bisimidazolium cation and a hydrophobic anion, wherein the structure of the bisimidazolium cation is as follows:
wherein R is1Is C1-3Carbon chain of (2), R2Is C1-20The alkyl group of (a) is,
wherein the hydrophobic anion is NTf2 -、PF6 -、OTf-One or more of them are mixed.
4. The technology of claim 1, wherein the plant pretreatment method comprises cleaning, drying, pulverizing, sieving, soaking in petroleum ether for 0.5h, filtering, and naturally drying the residue to obtain plant powder.
5. The technology of plant extraction lyophilized powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-polarity ionic liquid comprises a hydrophobic anion and a bisimidazole zwitterion prepared by reaction with a bisimidazole cation, and the structure of the bisimidazole zwitterion is as follows:
wherein R is1Is C1-3Carbon chain of (2), R2Is C1-20Alkyl group of (1).
6. The plant extraction freeze-dried powder technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave-assisted extraction conditions are that the temperature is 40-60 ℃, the microwave power is 500-1000W, and the extraction time is 1-3 h.
7. The technology of lyophilized plant extract powder of claim 1, wherein the solvent of the organic layer is removed by natural evaporation, reduced pressure distillation or reduced pressure suspension distillation.
8. The technology of plant extraction lyophilized powder of claim 1, wherein the conditions of lyophilization are maintaining at-10 ℃ for 10-30min, continuously cooling to-15 ℃ for lyophilization for 2-5h, and continuously cooling to-25 ℃ for lyophilization for 10-15 h.
9. The technique of freeze-dried powder plant extraction of claim 1, wherein the method for converting the high-polarity synergic extract back to the synergic extract is heating to 40-100 ℃.
10. A plant extract freeze-dried powder prepared by the technology of the plant extract freeze-dried powder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN112544420A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 武汉昱辰信息技术有限责任公司 | Selenium-rich extract prepared from selenium-rich plants, and its preparation method and application |
| CN114894932A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-08-12 | 安徽工程大学 | Method for detecting trace amount peculiar smell gas components in automobile textile fabric |
| CN117338626A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-05 | 广州联颖化妆品有限公司 | Anti-aging whitening and moisturizing composition and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112544420A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 武汉昱辰信息技术有限责任公司 | Selenium-rich extract prepared from selenium-rich plants, and its preparation method and application |
| CN114894932A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-08-12 | 安徽工程大学 | Method for detecting trace amount peculiar smell gas components in automobile textile fabric |
| CN114894932B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2023-08-01 | 安徽工程大学 | Method for detecting trace odor components in textile fabric for automobile |
| CN117338626A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-05 | 广州联颖化妆品有限公司 | Anti-aging whitening and moisturizing composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN117338626B (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-04-05 | 广州联颖化妆品有限公司 | Anti-aging whitening and moisturizing composition and preparation method thereof |
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