CN1110942C - 包括带阻滤波器的数字视频信号处理系统 - Google Patents

包括带阻滤波器的数字视频信号处理系统 Download PDF

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CN1110942C
CN1110942C CN95120070A CN95120070A CN1110942C CN 1110942 C CN1110942 C CN 1110942C CN 95120070 A CN95120070 A CN 95120070A CN 95120070 A CN95120070 A CN 95120070A CN 1110942 C CN1110942 C CN 1110942C
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CN1134087A (zh
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C·H·斯特罗乐
S·T·贾菲
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Technicolor SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/14Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
    • H04N5/21Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré or halo
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/015High-definition television systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
    • H04L25/03057Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a recursive structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
    • H04L25/03057Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a recursive structure
    • H04L25/0307Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a recursive structure using blind adaptation

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Abstract

用于接收和处理例如以脉冲幅度调制(PAM)格式的高清晰度电视信号的一种数字信号处理系统,包括用于滤去例如窄带连续波NTSC同频道干扰分量的干扰信号的滤波器。在图示实施例中带阻滤波器是位于载波恢复网络(16,20,24,26,28)中消旋转器(16)之后的数字FIR滤波器(18)。该滤波器呈现具有衰减陷波的零通过延迟的带通响应,用于滤去NTSC同频道图象和色基带载波频率。

Description

包括带阻滤波器的数字视频信号处理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及数字信号处理领域,更具体地说涉及包括用于滤去同频道干扰的滤波器的电视信号接收机系统。
背景技术
在视频信号处理领域中近来的发展已产生数字高清晰度电视(HDTV)信号处理和传输系统。近来在美国建议的大联合(Grand Alliance)系统的HDTV地面广播系统使用数字传输格式,用于传输包化数据流。大联合HDTV系统是在美国正由联邦通讯委员会通过它的现代电视事业咨询委员会(ACATS)研究中的一种建议的传输标准。大联合HDTV系统的说明(草案文件)在1994年2月22日提交给ACATS技术小组,并登载在全国广播协会1994年会议录,第48届广播工程会议录(1994年3月20-24日)中。
所建议的大联合HDTV系统是一种联播系统。在这系统中,相同节目材料的两个版本可以通过分开的标准6MHz频道同时广播。二个节目版本的其中一个包括在一个频道上的标准清晰度NTSC信息广播,而另一个包括在另一6MHz频道上的高清晰度信息广播。实际上,联播系统可以使用二个相邻的6MHz NTSC频道,例如VHF频道3和4,以分别传输标准和高清晰度信息。联播系统的高清晰度版本可以通过使用数据压缩技术在标准6MHz频道中实施。标准NTSC信息和HDTV信息互不相关地分别由标准NTSC和HDTV接收机接收。当标准NTSC接收机最后由HDTV或双标准接收机替代时,为标准NTSC信号使用的频道将可供其他目的使用。这样联播概念防止一旦引入HDTV广播后大量的现有的标准NTSC接收机被废弃,并当为标准NTSC信号占有的频道可作他用时容许在将来扩展广播业务。
由于同频道干扰可能严重地影响或干扰高清晰度电视接收机的运行,故滤去同频道干扰在联播系统中是一个指标。当二个不同电视信号在相同广播频道上传输,并同时被接收时可能造成同频道干扰。干扰的信号分量一般为图象载波(离下边带1.25MHz),色付载波(比图象载波高3.58MHz),和声音载波(比图象载波高4.5MHz)。同频道干扰发生的可能性随各种因素而变,例如随二个频道之间的广播距离和各频道的传输功率而变。
发明内容
依照本发明的原理,用于接收和处理例如以正交幅度调制(QAM)格式或残留边带(VSB)格式的视频信号的数字信号处理系统包括在载波恢复回路中使用FIR滤波器滤去例如连续波NTSC同频道干扰信号等的干扰信号的网络。在图示实施例中,同频道滤波是通过位于载波恢复回路中在紧跟均衡器的FIR数字滤波器实现的,载波恢复回路使近基带信号,到基带。该滤波器增强了均衡器和载波恢复网络两者的性能。
根据本发明的在用于接受表示数字视频信息的信号的一种系统中的装置,其特征在于,一个输入处理器;一个输入均衡器,对来自所述输入处理器的信号作出响应;一个载波恢复网络,对来自所述均衡器的输出信号作出响应,提供解调的基带视频信号;一个输出信号处理器,用于处理所述基带视频信号;和,一个滤波器,它包括在所述载波恢复网络中,处于所述输入均衡器之后,用于对基带和近基带视频信号进行滤波,所述滤波器呈现的响应在预定频率处具有明显幅度衰减,用于衰减掺杂在所述接收信号中的窄带干扰信号分量。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明原理的包括同频道陷波滤波器网络的高清晰度电视接收机系统的一部分的方块图。
图2表示基带QAM和NTSC同频道信号的幅度-频率响应。
图3表示图1所示系统的陷波滤波器网络的幅度-频率响应。
图4和5分别表示图1的滤波器网络的实部和虚部时域响应。
具体实施方式
图1是高清晰度数字电视信号接收机的一部分的方块图。在本例中,接收和处理QAM信号,QAM信号是脉冲幅度调制(PAM)信号的一种类型。正如已知的,在QAM符号传输系统中所传输的数据符号是由以给定频率调制各正交相位的载波的正交分量表示的。每个符号在四象限格子形群集(constellation)中被映射(赋予)指定座标。例如在32-QAM系统中群集的每个象限相对于I和Q正交轴包括在指定座标的8个符号。
从天线10接收到的广播高清晰度QAM电视信号加到输入处理器12上。输入处理器12例如包括调谐器和用以将接收的信号下变换为比基带高的较低频带的中频(IF)放大级,以及自动增益控制网络和模拟-数字变换器。输入处理器12也可以包括用于对经带通滤波的输入信号进行奈奎斯特速率取样的网络,将经滤波的输入信号分相为正交I,Q分量,执行初步的解调,和在前馈均衡器14之前执行二倍符号速率取样的网络。初步的解调产生接近基带的信号,使得接收机不必在高频输入信号下工作。在输入处理器12中也包括(但为简化附图没有画出)计时/时钟恢复网络,同时从接收的QAM信号产生符号速率时钟。从接收的信号恢复符号速率时钟的计时/时钟恢复网络是众所周知的,并在例如Lee和Messevschmit的参考教材《数字通讯》(Kluwer AcademicPress,Boston,MA,USA 1988)中有详细介绍。
从单元12输出的通带I,Q数字QAM信号经过例如分间距(fractionallyspaced)均衡器的通带前馈自适应均衡器14的处理。均衡器14在信号进一步处理之前对信号加以调整。尤其是,均衡器14包括自适应数字FIR滤波器,它补偿例如频率/相位不规则性的传输频道干扰。使用肓(blind)平衡或使用训练(training)信号技术,在均衡器14启动的启动间隔以后,均衡器14响应根据以下讨论的控制信号所产生的动态更新滤波器系数。
从均衡器14输出的均衡通带信号实质上是具有实部和虚部分量的复数,并可在基带或接近基带。这信号可以在被旋转器16处理之前符号速率取样,旋转器16从其在载波恢复回路的功能来看往往称为消旋器(de-rotator),用于产生近基带信号频率至基带信号频率。旋转器16例如为已知的复数乘法器,补偿由于所接收的QAM群集(constellation)的稍微旋转所表现的动态相位误差。这误差可能由例如包括本机振荡频率偏差的各种因素引起的。群集相位误差旋转可被载波恢复网络显著减小或消除,该载波恢复网络的运行类似于基带解调器。在这例中,载波恢复网络包括由旋转器16,加法器20,脉冲限幅器24,误差检测器26和鉴相器和压控振荡器(VCO)网络28组成的控制回路,该控制回路产生误差信号E供如下讨论使用。单元16,24,26和28组成数字锁相环(PLL)的主要部件,用于清除动态变化的载波偏移。载波恢复回路还有利地包括同频道带阻滤波器18,这在以下讨论。
所接收的QAM信号可能掺和NTSC同频道干扰信息,如图2所示,图2表示相对于在图象载波和色载波频率下窄带同频道NTSC干扰分量的QAM信号的幅度-频率频谱。为了滤去同频道干扰分量,依照本发明原理在上述的控制回路中在旋转器16之后包括同频道陷波滤波器18。滤波器18运用图3所示的幅度-频率响应处理来自旋转器16的基带(和近基带)信号,该响应在图象载波和色付载波基带频率处具有高衰减(陷波)。滤波器18的实部和虚部时域响应分别由图4和5所示,其中T表示符号间隔。
滤波器18是通过延迟基本上为零的线性相位因果(causal)带通数字FIR滤波器。滤波器18的Z变换域输出响应M(Z)由下列式子确定:
N(z)=1+Z-1C(z)在上式中项C(Z)表示滤波器18的拖尾(trailing)响应。滤波器18的系数被加权,从而提供在基带图象和色载波频率下的上述衰减陷波。
参阅图2和图3,可看到滤波器18响应在基带的高端在声音载波频率处不包括滤除陷波。在本例中,这是因为系统参数是如此选择的,使得声音载波驻留在超过带宽区域的奈奎斯特(Nyquist)斜边上(即在高频端的滤波器斜边上)。对音频载波的零点也可以由均衡器14建立。
要注意:滤波器18在载波恢复回路中位于旋转器16之后是有利的。在这方向,本发明人已观察到:假如滤波器18位于前馈均衡器14之前,那就存在载波频率偏移,滤波器衰减陷波将不会适当地与要被衰减的图象和色载波频率对准。假如陷波滤波器位于旋转器之前,考虑到载波频率偏移的可能性应该较宽的衰减陷波。所公开的滤波器18位于旋转器16之后的定位有利地容许使用在被衰减的同频道频率下具有急剧衰减特性的窄陷波,导致有效的滤波。此外,滤波器18的零延迟特性并不损害载波恢复回路的牵引(pull-in)和跟踪特性。
与滤波器18对应的陷波滤波器可以用于滤除任何连续波干扰信号,不仅仅如说明的实施例所揭示的同频道NTSC图象和色载波频率。尽管滤波器18最好呈现零延迟,但可以容许作为给定系统的运行参数的函数的极小量延迟。
从滤波器18输出的经滤波的基带输出信号加在减法组合器20的加输入端,其减(一)输入端接收判定反馈均衡器22输出的信号。组合器20的输出信号经脉冲限幅器24处理。脉冲限幅器24包含变换过程,并被编程以选择与所接收信号取样距离上最接近的群集符号。复数(I,Q)QAM群集划分为判定区域,其中每个判定区域是最接近某个符号的点集。假如在检查对于某符号的判定区域后,发现所接收的符号是位于或距离上偏移预期的座标,脉冲限幅器24产生在预期座标的输出符号。脉冲限幅器输出符号和输入符号相差任何距离偏移的量。误差检测器26检测任何这种偏移的量,产生作为该偏移量函数的输出误差信号“E”。这误差信号用于调节均衡器14(通过乘法器30)和均衡器22的抽头(tap)系数,从而例如通过使用已知的最小均方算法使误差值为零。
分别为脉冲限幅器24的输入和输出信号Si和So被加至包括鉴相器和压控振荡器(VCO)的相位控制单元28,用于产生输出正弦和余弦正交校正系数。与每个正弦和余弦校正系数相联系的是作为误差信号E值的函数的误差校正相位角。从相位控制单元28输出的校正系数和从均衡器14输出的QAM I,Q群集分量加至施转器16的各个输入端,以执行消旋功能,用于从旋转器16产生基带输出信号。可以看到,通过对正交信号执行复数乘法运算,任何组正交信号可以被旋转至所要求的角度位置。
判定定向反馈均衡器22处理脉冲限幅器24的输出信号,它的系数值被空制为误差信号E的值的函数。误差信号E也加在复数乘法器30的一输入端,其另一输入端接收来自相位控制单元28的正弦和余弦输出信号。这些信号在被加至乘法器30之前经过单元29变换为复数共轭形式。从乘法器30输出的通带误差校正信号加在均衡器14的控制输入,用于控制均衡器14的系数值,从而便于均衡操作。
滤波器18有利地通过确保从单元30来的适当的系数控制信号加在均衡器14上,提高均衡器14的性能。由于滤波器18位于恢复基带信号的载波恢复回路,滤波器18的同频道滤除陷波与要被滤去的有关基带信号精确对准。因此,误差信号E和系数控制信号精确地反映了基带信号特性。假如滤波器18位于均衡器14之前,将不会得到这一结果。
优点还在于滤波器18的设置通过在脉冲限幅器24的输入端提供精确的信号,即具有适当的滤去同频道频率的信号而增强载波恢复操作。脉冲限幅器24与误差检测器26协同作用,产生相位误差信号E,如上所述该误差信号E用于控制均衡器14和22的系数。
部件16,20,24,26和28的组合构成载波恢复回路,用于在旋转器16的输出端提供基带解调信号。除了依照本发明原理的滤波器18以外,这些部件构成在上面提及的Lee和Messerschmitt的教材中所述的载波恢复回路。这教材也论及反馈均衡器22的操作,和乘法器30与前馈均衡器14的协同作用。前均馈衡器14是也滤除一些符号之间(Inter Symbol)干扰(ISI)的滤波器。那未反馈均衡器22滤去其余部分的ISI,包括滤波器18产生的任何ISI。
判定反馈均衡器22可以预先加载以函数C(Z)的系数,使得均衡器22的总响应与下列函数有关:
1/[1+Z-1C(z)]这响应有效地建立无噪声极点(pole),它有效地抵消上述的滤波器18响应N(Z)建立的陷波。这些极点是无噪声的,因为至单元22的输入是来自脉冲限幅器24的无噪声判定的结果。
从脉冲限幅器24来的基带输出信号经过Viterbi解码器42被解码,经过单元44去隔行过单元46受到Reed-Solomon误差解码,再加到传递处理器48上。处理器48根据来自单元46的信号内容,例如音频或视频信息,将来自单元46的解码输出信号传递给单元50中相应的解码器。传递处理器48接受来自单元46的经校正的数据包,并检查每个包的标题,以决定其路由。从单元50来的音频和视频输出信号分别加在音频处理器54和NTSC电视视频处理器52它们将信号处理为适于单元60重现的格式。元件42-60构成一个输出信号处理器,用于处理来自脉冲限幅器24的输出。
尽管图1系统以QAM输入信号为例说明的,但也可使用包括QPSK信号的其他类型的脉冲幅度调制(PAM)输入信号,以及残留边带(VSB)输入信号。

Claims (11)

1.在用于接受表示数字视频信息的信号的一种系统中的装置,其特征在于,
一个输入处理器(12);
一个输入均衡器(14),对来自所述输入处理器的信号作出响应;
一个载波恢复网络(16,20,24,26,28),对来自所述均衡器的输出信号作出响应,提供解调的基带视频信号;
一个输出信号处理器(42-60),用于处理所述基带视频信号;和
一个滤波器(18),它包括在所述载波恢复网络中,处于所述输入均衡器(14)之后,用于对基带和近基带视频信号进行滤波,所述滤波器呈现的响应在预定频率处具有明显幅度衰减,用于衰减掺杂在所述接收信号中的窄带干状信号分量。
2.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,
一个第二均衡器,对经所述滤波器滤波后的解调信号作出响应。
3.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述滤波器是FIR数字陷波滤波器,用于衰减在图象载波和色载波频率下的同频道干扰信号;和
所述输入处理器包括频率变换器。
4.按照权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,
在超出拥有同频道声音载波频率的频率范围时所述陷波滤波器表现为一个上带缘。
5.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述滤波器是呈现基本上为零通过延迟的数字FIR滤波器。
6.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述载波恢复网络包含具有所述滤波器的反馈控制回路。
7.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述载波恢复网络包括脉冲限幅器,脉冲限幅器具有用于接收从所述滤波器来的信号的一个输入端和一个输出端;和
一个判定反馈均衡器,其输入端用于接收来自所述脉冲限幅器的输出信号,并且其输出端与所述载波恢复网络相连接并且与在所述脉冲限幅器的输入端之前的一点相耦连。
8.按照权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述载波恢复网络包括:
一个旋转器,对来自所述均衡器的输出信号作出响应;
一个脉冲限幅器,对来自所述旋转器的输出信号作出响应;
一个误差检测器,与所述脉冲限幅器相耦连,用于提供表示相位误差的输出误差信号;和
一个相位控制网络,对所述脉冲限幅器的输入和输出信号作出响应,其中,
所述滤波器连接在所述旋转器和所述脉冲限幅器之间,用于对从所述旋转器来的输出信号进行滤波。
9.按照权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述接收信号是会受到同频道干扰掺杂的电视信号;和
所述滤波器在NTSC图象载波和色载波频率下提供显著的衰减。
10.按照权利要求1的装置,其特征在于,
所述均衡器是:
前馈均衡器,对来自所述输入处理器的信号作出响应;和
所述载波恢复网络,包括载波恢复控制回路,该回路包括:
(a)一个旋转器,对来自所述前馈均衡器的输出信号作出响应;
(b)一个滤波器,用于对从所述旋转器来的输出信号进行滤波,所述滤波器在基带图象载波和色载波频率的至少一处呈现显着衰减;
(c)一个脉冲限幅器,对从所述滤波器来的输出信号作出响应;
(d)一个误差检测器,与所述脉冲限幅器相连,用于提供相位误差信号;和
(e)一个相位控制网络,其一个输入对来自所述脉冲限幅器的输出信号作出响应,其一个输出与所述旋转器相连接,
其中,所述滤波器连接在所述旋转器和所述脉冲限幅器之间,用于对来自所述旋转器的输出信号进行滤波。
11.按照权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述接收信号是脉冲幅度调制信号。
CN95120070A 1994-11-25 1995-11-24 包括带阻滤波器的数字视频信号处理系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1110942C (zh)

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