CN111089875B - Test device and evaluation method for spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust in wet condition - Google Patents
Test device and evaluation method for spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust in wet condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012812 general test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of detection and prevention of dust fire and explosion, in particular to a test device and an evaluation method for spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when meeting moisture, which mainly comprise a control system, a monitoring system, a constant-temperature water tank and a working cabinet, wherein the monitoring system comprises an oxygen monitoring device, a hydrogen monitoring device, a humidity detection device and a liquid level monitoring device which are electrically connected with the control system and are respectively arranged in the working cabinet; the working cabinet is an electric cabinet body structure internally provided with a monitoring system and a control system for carrying out experimental work, and is internally provided with a bearing plate, a test water tank, a waste liquid tank and a test container; the control system mainly comprises a PLC controller, a touch screen and a temperature sensor, and the constant-temperature water tank is communicated to the test water tank through a heat preservation pipe; on the basis of comprehensively analyzing the influence factors of dust spontaneous combustion when meeting moisture, the critical conditions of dust spontaneous combustion when meeting moisture are obtained through gradual tests by adjusting and controlling respective variables including the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen content in equipment, so as to determine the dangerous characteristics of dust spontaneous combustion when meeting moisture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection and prevention of dust fire explosion, in particular to a test device and an evaluation method for spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when the metal dust is wet.
Background
In industrial production and metal processing workshops, metal parts are influenced by properties of metal materials, design of processing equipment, processing procedures and precision requirements during processing, so that a lot of metal dust is easily generated in the processing process, for example, a large amount of metal dust is generated in the manufacturing and using processes of metal smelting, cutting, grinding, polishing and the like, and metal dust is also generated in the mining and crushing processing processes of some metal minerals. However, the productive metal dust is a natural enemy of human health, not only pollutes the atmosphere, but also is a main cause of various diseases, and when the metal dust is subjected to conditions of too high concentration and reaching an ignition point, serious conditions such as fire, explosion and the like occur, so that the metal dust needs to be detected and processed in time.
The metal dust such as magnesium aluminum belongs to the category of dangerous chemicals, and the current test on the physical dangerous characteristics of the metal dust such as magnesium aluminum mainly focuses on dust explosion characteristic parameters, including but not limited to minimum ignition energy MIE, minimum ignition temperature MIT-C of dust cloud, minimum ignition temperature MIT-L of dust layer and the like; on the other hand, active metal dust such as magnesium aluminum reacts with water under certain conditions to generate combustible gas, and if an external ignition source exists, the combustible gas can be instantly combusted and exploded, so that the water-contact gas release test is an important test for representing physical dangerous characteristics. However, metal dust such as aluminum magnesium and the like slowly releases gas when being wetted under certain conditions, and then the phenomena of temperature rise and spontaneous combustion occur, which become one of important factors of industrial fire and explosion accidents. The existing related test for representing dust explosion characteristics and the existing test for gassing when meeting water can not effectively represent the spontaneous combustion dangerous characteristics of dust when meeting moisture, can not effectively analyze the influence factors and critical conditions of spontaneous combustion of dust when meeting moisture, and can not evaluate the spontaneous combustion dangerous degree of dust when meeting moisture.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to disclose the technical field of detection and prevention of dust fire explosion, and particularly to a test device and an evaluation method for spontaneous combustion risk of metal dust when wet.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a test device for the spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when wet is characterized by mainly comprising a control system, a monitoring system, a constant-temperature water tank and a working cabinet,
the monitoring system comprises an oxygen monitoring device, a hydrogen monitoring device, a humidity detection device and a liquid level monitoring device which are electrically connected with the control system, and the oxygen monitoring device, the hydrogen monitoring device, the humidity detection device and the liquid level monitoring device are respectively arranged in the work cabinet;
the working cabinet is of an electric cabinet body structure, a monitoring system and a control system are arranged in the working cabinet to carry out experimental work, a bearing plate, a test water tank, a waste liquid tank and a test container are further arranged in the working cabinet, wherein the bearing plate is arranged as a working platform and is adjustably arranged on the inner wall of the working cabinet through a sliding rail structure; the test water tank is arranged on the surface of the bearing plate, and an empty tank structure for mounting a test container or liquid is arranged in the test water tank; the waste liquid tank is arranged below the bearing plate;
the control system mainly comprises a PLC, a touch screen and a temperature sensor, wherein the PLC is electrically connected with the touch screen to control information receiving and sending through the touch screen, and the PLC is electrically connected with the temperature sensor to detect the temperature in the work cabinet in real time;
the constant temperature water tank is communicated to the test water tank through a heat preservation pipe.
Preferably, the oxygen monitoring device and the hydrogen monitoring device are respectively connected with a display instrument through a detection probe to form a communication circuit, wherein the detection probe is arranged at a position close to the test container so as to monitor gas generation or content in real time and read and display the gas generation or content.
Preferably, the liquid level monitoring device mainly comprises a liquid level sensor and a liquid level switch, the liquid level sensor is installed in the test water tank to monitor the liquid level of the test water tank, and the liquid level switch is connected to the heat preservation pipe to open or close the supply water inlet of the test water tank according to the liquid level.
Preferably, the humidity detection device is formed by sequentially connecting a humidity probe, a humidity display instrument, a humidity controller and a spray humidification valve to form a humidity detection and control loop, wherein the humidity probe is arranged at a position close to the test container, and the spray humidification valve is arranged at the top in the work cabinet.
Preferably, the bearing plate of the work cabinet is formed into a bearing plate block structure, and the lateral side is sequentially connected with a transverse sliding rail structure and a longitudinal sliding rail structure to form a work platform for supporting and adjusting the test water tank; the test water tank and the waste liquid tank are both arranged into a cubic empty tank structure for containing liquid and are respectively supported by the bearing plate and the bottom surface in the working cabinet; the test container is a corrosion-resistant high-temperature test container for storing dust for testing and is integrally arranged in a test water tank.
Preferably, the PLC controller of the control system is connected to each control circuit to receive, transmit, and process circuit information, and the touch screen is installed on the outer surface of the work cabinet and electrically connected to the PLC controller to submit an execution command in a touch manner.
Preferably, the temperature sensors of the control system are at least three and are respectively arranged in the test container, the test water tank and the work cabinet body so as to detect the temperature of each part in the work cabinet in real time.
Preferably, the control system further comprises a plurality of electromagnetic valves and resistance wires, wherein the electromagnetic valves are installed on the pipeline and are in electrical signal connection with the PLC, the valves of the pipeline are controlled to be opened and closed through telecommunication, and the resistance wires are 2-4 and are installed on the inner wall of the work cabinet to heat the work cabinet body.
Preferably, the test device also comprises an oxygen content regulating system, and the regulating system consists of air and N 2 And O 2 A supply device for adjusting the output air and N 2 Or O 2 And a gas flowmeter is also arranged at the output starting end of the automatic oxygen content adjusting system to count the gas flow in the work cabinet.
An evaluation method of a test device for spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when wet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) a humidity probe of a humidity detection device is adopted to detect humidity in real time, when the reading of a humidity display instrument is lower than a preset value, a spray humidification valve is opened, and the system is humidified through a humidity controller; obtaining a humidity critical value from humidification regulation inside the test device;
2) adopting an oxygen monitoring device, an oxygen probe of the hydrogen monitoring device and a hydrogen probe to monitor whether hydrogen is generated and the content of oxygen in the test device in real time, and when the oxygen content is lower than an expected value, adjusting the oxygen concentration by an oxygen content adjusting system; obtaining an oxygen concentration critical value from the regulation of the environmental gas in the test device;
3) heating the working cabinet by adopting a resistance wire heating method to raise the temperature; meanwhile, a constant temperature solution is added into the constant temperature water tank, the temperature of the test water tank of the working cabinet is regulated and controlled through the constant temperature water tank, and when a liquid level sensor of the liquid level monitoring device detects that the liquid level of the test water tank is lower than a preset value, a liquid level switch is turned on to supply the liquid of the constant temperature water tank into the test water tank through a heat insulation pipe; the temperature of the test water tank and the test container is detected in real time through a temperature sensor in the work cabinet; a temperature threshold is obtained from the integrated temperature regulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of comprehensively analyzing the influence factors of spontaneous combustion of dust when the dust is wet, respective variables including temperature, humidity, oxygen content and the like in equipment can be controlled through adjustment, the dust accumulation volume, the dust granularity, the shape, the oxidation degree, the liquid level of a wetting liquid, the pH value and the like are required to be observed or measured, the change condition of the internal temperature of the dust pile is observed at any time, the critical condition of spontaneous combustion of the dust when the dust is wet is obtained through gradual tests, and the dangerous characteristic of spontaneous combustion of the dust when the dust is wet is determined; on the basis of obtaining the critical conditions, the critical conditions are compared with the actual dust working conditions so as to evaluate the risk level of dust spontaneous combustion when wet under the actual working condition.
The monitoring system is adopted to monitor the oxygen content and humidity conditions in the work cabinet in real time through the oxygen monitoring device, the hydrogen monitoring device and the humidity detection device, and is matched with the oxygen content adjusting system and the humidity controller to carry out data adjustment, record data constantly and obtain a critical value through a test; the monitoring system is used for monitoring the liquid level in the test water tank through the liquid level monitoring device, so that the accuracy of temperature regulation is ensured, wherein the temperature regulation can be realized by heating and regulating through a resistance wire, or the temperature of the test water tank can be regulated and controlled through a constant-temperature water tank, data is recorded at any time, and a critical value is obtained through a test; the working cabinet adopted by the invention provides safe circuit design and stable structural design so that a test sample can obtain an experiment result with high accuracy after participating in a test in the test container; the control system provides an intelligent control basis for the whole program operation, so that the test device has quick response and good test effect when the whole function is operated, obtains an accurate critical value, and accurately evaluates the risk level after comparing with the actual dust working condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which: the device comprises a touch screen, a 2-PLC controller, a 3-constant temperature water tank, a 4-liquid level monitoring device, a 5-heat preservation pipe, a 6-valve, a 7-humidity controller, an 8-pressure release valve, a 9-temperature sensor, a 10-fan, a 11-flow meter, a 12-PH meter, a 13-resistance wire, a 14-electromagnetic valve, a 15-humidity probe, a 16-humidity display instrument, a 17-hydrogen display instrument, an 18-hydrogen probe, a 19-oxygen probe, a 20-oxygen display instrument, a 21-waste liquid tank, a 22-test container, a 23-test water tank and a 24-bearing plate.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings:
a test device for the spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when wet mainly comprises a control system, a monitoring system, a constant temperature water tank 3 and a working cabinet,
the monitoring system comprises an oxygen monitoring device, a hydrogen monitoring device, a humidity detection device and a liquid level monitoring device 4 which are electrically connected with the control system, and the oxygen monitoring device, the hydrogen monitoring device, the humidity detection device and the liquid level monitoring device are respectively arranged in the work cabinet; the oxygen monitoring device and the hydrogen monitoring device are respectively connected with a display instrument through a detection probe to form a communication circuit, wherein the detection probe is arranged near a test container 22 to monitor gas generation or content in real time and read and display the gas, the oxygen monitoring device consists of an oxygen probe 19 and an oxygen display instrument 20, and the hydrogen monitoring device consists of a hydrogen probe 18 and a hydrogen display instrument 17 which are respectively communication circuits working independently; the humidity detection device is characterized in that a humidity probe 15, a humidity display instrument 16, a humidity controller 7 and a spray humidification valve 6 are sequentially connected to form a humidity detection and control loop, wherein the humidity probe 15 is arranged at a position close to a test container 22, the spray humidification valve 6 is arranged at the top in a work cabinet, the humidity is detected through the humidity probe 15, the humidity is read through the humidity display instrument 16, the humidity controller 7 adjusts the humidity in the work cabinet through humidity reading, and humidification work is carried out by opening the spray humidification valve 6; the liquid level monitoring device 4 mainly comprises a liquid level sensor and a liquid level switch, the liquid level sensor is arranged in the test water tank 23 to monitor the liquid level of the test water tank 23, and the liquid level switch is connected to the heat preservation pipe 5 to open or close the supply water inlet of the test water tank 23 according to the liquid level;
the working cabinet is of an electric cabinet body structure, a monitoring system and a control system are arranged in the working cabinet to carry out experimental work, a bearing plate 24, a test water tank 23, a waste liquid tank 21 and a test container 22 are further arranged in the working cabinet, wherein the bearing plate 24 is arranged as a working platform and is adjustably arranged on the inner wall of the working cabinet through a slide rail structure; the test water tank 23 is arranged on the surface of the bearing plate 24, and an empty tank structure for installing the test container 22 or liquid is arranged in the test water tank; the waste liquid tank 21 is installed below the carrying plate 24; the bearing plate 24 of the working cabinet is formed into a bearing plate block structure, and the lateral side is sequentially connected with a transverse slide rail structure and a longitudinal slide rail structure to form a working platform for supporting and adjusting the test water tank 23; the test water tank 23 and the waste liquid tank 21 are both arranged into cubic empty tank structures for accommodating liquid and are respectively supported by the bearing plate 24 and the bottom surface in the work cabinet; the test container 22 is a corrosion-resistant high-temperature test container 22 for storing dust for testing, is integrally arranged in a test water tank 23, and can flow to the waste liquid tank 21 and be intensively treated when liquid in the test water tank 23 overflows;
the control system mainly comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller) 2, a touch screen 1 and a temperature sensor 9, wherein the PLC 2 is electrically connected with the touch screen 1 to control information receiving and sending through the touch screen 1, and the PLC 2 is electrically connected with the temperature sensor 9 to detect the temperature in the work cabinet in real time; the PLC controller 2 of the control system is connected with each control circuit to receive, send and process circuit information, and the touch screen 1 is installed on the outer surface of the work cabinet and electrically connected with the PLC controller 2 to submit an execution command in a touch manner; the temperature sensors 9 of the control system are at least three and are respectively arranged in the test container 22, the test water tank 23 and the work cabinet body so as to detect the temperature of each part in the work cabinet in real time; the control system also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic valves 14 and resistance wires 13, wherein the electromagnetic valves 14 are arranged on the pipeline and are in electrical signal connection with the PLC 2 to control the opening and closing of the pipeline valve 6 through telecommunication, and the resistance wires 13 are arranged in 2-4 numbers and are arranged on the inner wall of the working cabinet to heat the working cabinet body;
the constant temperature water tank 3 is communicated to a test water tank 23 through a heat preservation pipe 5; the liquid level monitoring device 4 is used for adjusting the position between the constant temperature water tank 3 and the test water tank 23, when the liquid level monitoring device 4 monitors that the water level of the test water tank 23 is not accordant, the valve 6 of the heat preservation pipe 5 is opened through the liquid level switch, and then the liquid of the constant temperature water tank 3 is transmitted into the test water tank 23;
meanwhile, the test device also comprises an oxygen content adjusting system which consists of air and N 2 And O 2 A supply device for adjusting the output air and N 2 Or O 2 A gas flowmeter 11 is further installed at the output starting end of the automatic oxygen content adjusting system in the work cabinet to count the gas flow; the rear end of the gas flowmeter 11 is also provided with a fan 10 for adjusting the wind speed, and the oxygen content is uniformly dispersed by adjusting the wind speed; the test device is also provided with an explosion pressure relief function, and the relief pressure can be set at will within 0.15-0.5 MPa;
an evaluation method of a test device for the spontaneous combustion risk of metal dust when wet comprises the following steps:
1) a humidity probe 15 of a humidity detection device is adopted to detect humidity in real time, when the reading of a humidity display instrument 16 is lower than a preset value, a spray humidification valve 6 is opened, and the system is humidified through a humidity controller 7; obtaining a humidity critical value from humidification regulation inside the test device;
2) an oxygen monitoring device, an oxygen probe 19 of the hydrogen monitoring device and a hydrogen probe 18 are adopted to monitor whether hydrogen is generated and the content of oxygen in the test device in real time, and when the oxygen content is lower than an expected value, the oxygen concentration is adjusted through an oxygen content adjusting system; obtaining an oxygen concentration critical value from the regulation of the environmental gas in the test device;
3) heating the working cabinet by adopting a method of heating a resistance wire 13 to raise the temperature; meanwhile, a constant temperature solution is added into the constant temperature water tank 3, the temperature of the test water tank 23 of the working cabinet is regulated and controlled through the constant temperature water tank 3, and when a liquid level sensor of the liquid level monitoring device 4 detects that the liquid level of the test water tank 23 is lower than a preset value, a liquid level switch is turned on to supply the liquid of the constant temperature water tank 3 into the test water tank 23 through the heat preservation pipe 5; the temperature of the test water tank 23 and the test container 22 is detected in real time in the work cabinet through the temperature sensor 9; a temperature threshold is obtained from the integrated temperature regulation.
In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the functions of the apparatus further include:
1. the embodiment provides a test device for testing the spontaneous combustion dangerous characteristics of dust when meeting moisture, which is characterized in that the change of the internal temperature of the dust and the temperature of a reference environment along with time under different influence factors is tested by adjusting and controlling the temperature, the humidity, the oxygen content and the like in the test device, observing and measuring the dust accumulation volume, the dust granularity, the shape, the oxidation degree, the liquid level of a wetting solution, the pH value and the like, so as to judge whether the dust is spontaneous combustion or not;
2. the testing device provided by the embodiment is used for setting and monitoring the ambient temperature, the humidity and the oxygen content in equipment in real time by matching the temperature sensor 9 with the resistance wire and the constant-temperature water tank 3, matching the humidity detection device with the humidity controller 7 and matching the oxygen content adjusting system with the oxygen monitoring device, and adjusting the monitoring value to be within the range of the set value by comparing the real-time monitoring value with the set value by adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller); the resistance wire 13 has a heating function, the environmental temperature of the test device can be continuously controlled from room temperature to 400 ℃, and the test device is kept at the test temperature for at least 48 hours, wherein the temperature deviation does not exceed 2 ℃; the humidity controller 7 has a humidity self-adjusting function, can adjust the humidity from 25% RH to 95% RH, and maintains the humidity deviation not more than 5% in the test period; the oxygen content regulating system adopts dry air and N 2 And O 2 The concentration of oxygen content in a test environment is adjusted in a ternary gas distribution mode, the adjustment range of the oxygen content concentration is 0-100% (v/v), and the adjustment deviation is not more than 2%;
3. the testing device provided by the embodiment can also be added with a pH value monitoring function, the pH meter 12 is arranged at the liquid position, the pH value of the soaked liquid can be displayed in real time, the testing device is provided with a set pH value alarm lower limit and an alarm upper limit, the alarm function is started once the pH value exceeds the alarm limit, and the pH value is adjusted to be within a set range;
4. the test device provided by the embodiment provides H through the hydrogen monitoring device 2 The concentration detection and mass flow detection functions can be realized in real time and on lineDetection of H 2 Concentration and amount of combustible gas produced;
5. the test device provided by the embodiment can increase the explosion pressure relief function, and a pressure relief valve 8 is further arranged in the work cabinet and used for realizing the explosion pressure relief function; the relief pressure can be set at will within 0.15-0.5MPa, explosion occurs in the general test process, the explosion pressure can be timely relieved, and the safety of devices and personnel is protected;
6. according to the evaluation method provided by the embodiment, on the basis of the equipment structure, the critical condition of spontaneous combustion of dust when meeting moisture is obtained through a test; in the embodiment, the environmental temperature and the dust temperature conditions for spontaneous combustion of dust when meeting humidity are obtained through numerous tests as follows:
(1) the obvious fire can be observed through the transparent window of the working cabinet, and the dust can be judged to be spontaneously combusted when meeting the moisture;
(2) when the environmental temperature in the working cabinet body is less than or equal to 350 ℃, the internal temperature of the dust pile exceeds 400 ℃ within 48 hours, and the dust can be judged to be spontaneously combusted when meeting moisture;
(3) in the working cabinet body, when the environmental temperature is more than 350 ℃ and less than or equal to 400 ℃, the internal temperature of the dust pile exceeds the reference environmental temperature by 50 ℃ within 48 hours, and the dust can be judged to be spontaneously combusted when meeting moisture;
7. after numerous tests, the following critical conditions and risk grades of dust spontaneous combustion when wet are obtained in the embodiment:
firstly, the environmental temperature is higher than 65 ℃; ② the continuous moisture exposure [ acid-base environment (PH < 6.5 or PH > 7.5) ]; ③ the oxygen concentration of the environment is higher than 23.5 percent. (1) When the conditions of the first, second, third or both (and the conditions of the PH being more than or equal to 6.5 and less than or equal to 7.5) and third are met, the dust spontaneous combustion danger level is judged to be I-level extreme danger; (2) when the conditions of (i) and (II) (and the conditions of (19.5%) to (23.5%) oxygen concentration in environment are satisfied), or (II) (and the conditions of (6.5%) to (7.5%) pH and (23.5%) oxygen concentration in environment are satisfied), judging the dust spontaneous combustion danger level to be a level II high-level danger; (3) when the conditions of (II), (III) (and the environmental temperature is more than or equal to 35 ℃ and less than or equal to 65 ℃) or (II) and (the continuous exposure to the air with the humidity more than or equal to 75 percent RH) are met, judging the dust spontaneous combustion risk level to be III-grade higher risk; (4) when the conditions of (and the conditions that the humidity is more than or equal to 75% RH and the environmental oxygen concentration is more than or equal to 19.5% and less than or equal to 23.5) or (and the environmental temperature is more than or equal to 35 ℃ and less than or equal to 65 ℃ and the humidity is more than or equal to 75% RH) are met, judging the spontaneous combustion risk level of the dust to be IV-level medium risk; (5) and when meeting the conditions of (and meeting the conditions that the humidity in the air is less than 75 percent RH and the ambient oxygen concentration is less than 19.5 percent) or (and meeting the conditions that the ambient temperature is less than 35 ℃ and the humidity in the air is less than 75 percent RH), judging the dust spontaneous combustion risk level to be a V-grade low-risk state.
As described above, the present invention is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations within the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A test device for the spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when wet is characterized by mainly comprising a control system, a monitoring system, a constant-temperature water tank, a working cabinet and an oxygen content adjusting system,
the monitoring system comprises an oxygen monitoring device, a hydrogen monitoring device, a humidity detection device and a liquid level monitoring device which are electrically connected with the control system and are respectively arranged in the work cabinet;
the working cabinet is provided with an electric cabinet body structure internally provided with a monitoring system and a control system for carrying out test work, and is also internally provided with a bearing plate, a test water tank, a waste liquid tank and a test container, wherein the bearing plate is provided as a working platform and is adjustably arranged on the inner wall of the working cabinet through a slide rail structure; the test water tank is arranged on the surface of the bearing plate, and an empty tank structure for mounting a test container or liquid is arranged in the test water tank; the waste liquid tank is arranged below the bearing plate; the bearing plate of the working cabinet is formed into a bearing plate block structure, and the lateral side of the bearing plate block structure is sequentially connected with a transverse slide rail structure and a longitudinal slide rail structure to form a working platform for supporting and adjusting the test water tank; the test water tank and the waste liquid tank are both arranged into a cubic empty tank structure for containing liquid and are respectively supported by the bearing plate and the bottom surface in the working cabinet; the test container is a corrosion-resistant high-temperature test container for storing dust for testing and is integrally arranged in a test water tank;
the control system mainly comprises a PLC, a touch screen and a temperature sensor, wherein the PLC is electrically connected with the touch screen to control information receiving and sending through the touch screen, and the PLC is electrically connected with the temperature sensor to detect the temperature in the work cabinet in real time;
the constant temperature water tank is communicated to the test water tank through a heat preservation pipe;
the oxygen content regulating system consists of air and N 2 And O 2 A supply device for adjusting the output air and N 2 Or O 2 And the output end of the oxygen content adjusting system is also provided with a gas flowmeter for counting the gas flow.
2. The metal dust spontaneous combustion risk test device in the presence of moisture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxygen monitoring device and the hydrogen monitoring device are respectively connected with a display instrument through a detection probe to form a communication circuit, and the detection probe is arranged adjacent to the test container to monitor the generation of hydrogen or the content of oxygen in real time and read and display the hydrogen or the content of oxygen.
3. The device for testing the spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when wet according to claim 2, wherein the liquid level monitoring device mainly comprises a liquid level sensor and a liquid level switch, the liquid level sensor is installed in the test water tank to monitor the liquid level of the test water tank, and the liquid level switch is connected to the heat preservation pipe to open or close the supply water inlet of the test water tank according to the liquid level.
4. The metal dust spontaneous combustion danger testing device in the presence of moisture according to claim 3, wherein the humidity detection device is formed by sequentially connecting a humidity probe, a humidity display instrument, a humidity controller and a spray humidification valve to form a humidity detection and control loop, wherein the humidity probe is arranged at a position adjacent to the test container, and the spray humidification valve is arranged at the top in the work cabinet.
5. The device for testing the spontaneous combustion risk of metal dust when wetted according to claim 1, wherein the touch screen is mounted on the outer surface of the work cabinet and electrically connected with the PLC to submit the execution command in a touch manner.
6. The device for testing the risk of spontaneous combustion of metal dust when wetted according to claim 4, wherein the control system comprises at least three temperature sensors respectively disposed in the test container, the test water tank and the work cabinet body for real-time detection of the temperature of the work cabinet.
7. The device for testing the spontaneous combustion danger of metal dust when wet according to claim 6, wherein the control system further comprises a plurality of electromagnetic valves and resistance wires, the electromagnetic valves are mounted on the pipeline and electrically connected with the PLC, the switches of the pipeline valves are controlled by the electrical signals, and the resistance wires are 2-4 and mounted on the inner wall of the working cabinet to heat the working cabinet body.
8. A method for evaluating a test device for the spontaneous combustion risk of metal dust when wet, which utilizes the test device of claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) a humidity probe of a humidity detection device is adopted to detect humidity in real time, when the reading of a humidity display instrument is lower than a preset value, a spray humidification valve is opened, and the system is humidified through a humidity controller; acquiring a humidity critical value from humidification regulation inside the test device;
2) adopting an oxygen monitoring device, an oxygen probe of the hydrogen monitoring device and a hydrogen probe to monitor whether hydrogen is generated and the content of oxygen in the test device in real time, and adjusting the concentration of the oxygen through an oxygen content adjusting system when the oxygen content is lower than an expected value; obtaining an oxygen concentration critical value from the regulation of the environmental gas in the test device;
3) heating the working cabinet by adopting a resistance wire heating method to increase the temperature; meanwhile, a constant-temperature solution is added into the constant-temperature water tank, the temperature of the test water tank of the working cabinet is regulated and controlled through the constant-temperature water tank, and when a liquid level sensor of the liquid level monitoring device detects that the liquid level of the test water tank is lower than a preset value, a liquid level switch is turned on to supply the liquid of the constant-temperature water tank into the test water tank through a heat preservation pipe; the temperature of the test water tank and the test container is detected in real time through a temperature sensor in the work cabinet; a temperature threshold is obtained from the integrated temperature regulation.
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| CN113049633A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-29 | 浙江省应急管理科学研究院 | Device and method for testing spontaneous combustion of metal dust in water |
| CN112967587A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-15 | 中国人民警察大学 | Dust explosion and explosion suppression demonstration device and demonstration method thereof |
| CN114414625B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-10-31 | 东北大学 | Testing device and method for evaluating influence of moisture content on dust layer fire disaster |
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| CN105954314B (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2018-08-28 | 东北大学 | A kind of combustible dust spontaneous ignition sensitivity test device and method |
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Effective date of registration: 20240531 Address after: 510663 No.9, Keke Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangzhou Special Equipment Testing and Research Institute (Guangzhou Special Equipment Accident Investigation Technology Center Guangzhou Elevator Safety Operation Monitoring Center) Country or region after: China Address before: 6th Floor, Liurong Building, Liurong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510000 Patentee before: GUANGZHOU ACADEMY OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT INSPECTION & TESTING Country or region before: China |