CN109029847A - Gas leakage monitoring system, FLNG system and its gas leakage monitoring method - Google Patents
Gas leakage monitoring system, FLNG system and its gas leakage monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 53
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 52
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000638935 Senecio crassissimus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of gas leakage monitoring system, FLNG system and its gas leakage monitoring methods, belong to health, environmental protection and security fields.Monitoring system includes sensing unit, control unit and optical communication element, and sensing unit acquires the information such as gas concentration, environment temperature, wind speed；Control unit obtains the data of sensor acquisition, carries out signal condition, generates control instruction and is sent to purification device；Optical communication element carries out data communication using optical fiber and FLNG master control system.The present invention takes collecting and distributing type control mode to carry out automatic monitored control system design and realizes hydrogen sulfide on-line monitoring, once hydrogen sulfide leaks, carries out emergency purifying processing at once, improves the safety and reliability of system.Monitoring device of the present invention has time-sensitive network, and deterministic communication and synchro measure can be carried out on various standard ethernets, host computer independent operating can be detached from, improve monitoring efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to health, environmental protection and security fields more particularly to a kind of gas leakage monitoring systems, Floating Liquefied day
Right gas system (FLNG) and its gas leakage monitoring method.
Background technique
Gas leakage is major issue present in pipeline transportation, may jeopardize personal safety and destruction when leaking
Ambient enviroment and the ecological balance cause the loss of life, property.The method and technique of pipe leakage is with pipeline transportation
Development is gradually improved, and becomes the important research content in industry, agricultural, environmental ecology development and scientific research at present.
By taking Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system (FLNG) as an example, currently, Floating Liquefied Natural Gas production storage handler (FPSO)
It is a kind of Floating Production device for the exploitation of offshore natural gas field, sea is positioned at by anchoring system, there is exploitation, place
Reason, the function of liquefaction, storage and handling natural gas, and used by arranging in pairs or groups with liquefied natural gas (LNG) ship, it realizes marine natural
The exploitation and natural gas transportation in gas field.FLNG may generate a large amount of poisonous gas leakages in the process of work, to metal tube
Road and equipment cause greatly to corrode, and will lead to catastrophic failure when serious.By taking hydrogen sulfide gas leakage as an example, in the life of natural gas
It produces, in processing and storage and transport process, because accident emerges one after another caused by hydrogen sulfide gas, therefore real time on-line monitoring is carried out just to it
Seem extremely important.
Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system requirements detection accuracy is high, the response time is short, high reliablity, is directed to sea FLNG at present
The gas of system leaks on-line monitoring problem, generallys use the detection on-line monitoring analytical technology monitoring such as tube method and chromatography.Inspection
Test tube method have many advantages, such as easy to carry, structure and it is easy to operate, cheap, can quickly analyze gas；But detection essence
Spend poor, the service life is shorter, need to often replace.Chromatographic advantage be it is easy to operate, sampling analysis and analysis speed it is fast, still
It is not high to trace gas analysis precision, the response time is long, and analysis instrument is more demanding.Meanwhile current on-line monitoring
The long-term work of technology discomfort is floated in sea, in the environment of corrosion.Therefore it provides a kind of automatic on-line prison based on FLNG feature
Examining system, the poisonous gas leakage situation in real-time monitoring FLNG device is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of gas leakage monitoring for the sulfur recovery facility of FLNG on the basis of above-mentioned insufficient
System, Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system (FLNG) and its gas leakage monitoring method can be realized high-precision using the monitoring system
The on-line monitoring of degree when leaking, can carry out emergency purifying processing immediately, improve the security reliability of monitoring system.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of gas leakage monitoring systems, for monitoring leakage gas
Content, including sensing unit, control unit and optical communication element；
The sensing unit include for detecting the gas sensor of gas leakage concentration, the temperature for detecting environment temperature
Spend sensor and the air velocity transducer for detecting wind speed；
Described control unit includes controller, and control unit is connect with sensing unit, and the sensor for obtaining sensing unit is adopted
The data of collection, and signal condition and control algolithm processing are carried out, it generates control instruction and is sent to purification device and acousto-optic report
Alarm device；
The optical communication element includes photoelectric conversion module, and communication unit is connect with control unit, is used for control unit
Information is transmitted to the host computer of master control room after photoelectric conversion module is modulated demodulation, is counted using optical fiber and master control system
According to communication.
Preferably, described control unit includes signal conversion module, and signal conversion module and gas sensor, wind speed sense
Device connection obtains the collected gas concentration analog signal of gas sensor and obtains the wind speed simulation of air velocity transducer acquisition
Signal is converted into current signal, and carries out data storage and processing.
Preferably, described control unit further comprises temperature collecting module, and temperature collecting module and temperature sensor connect
It connects, obtains the operating ambient temperature information of temperature sensor acquisition, the collected thermo-electromotive force of temperature sensor is converted into electricity
Signal is pressed, and carries out data storage and processing.
Preferably, described control unit further includes relay control module, relay control module and purification device harmony
Light warning device connection, for controlling purification device and acoustic-optic alarm according to the gas leakage concentration of detection.
Preferably, the optical communication element further comprises that a pair of of photoelectric converter is used between host computer and controller,
One is played modulating action, and one is played demodulation, is communicated between photoelectric converter using optical fiber；Slave computer monitors gas
Leakage signal, executing agency carry out emergency reaction at once and send instructions to host computer, after host computer obtains instruction, judge whether
Close sulfur recovery facility upstream equipment valve.
The present invention also provides a kind of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas systems, including above-mentioned gas leakage monitoring system.
Preferably, the controller uses CompactRIO controller, and signal conversion module is defeated using multichannel analog amount
Enter board, temperature control modules use multichannel temperature analog input card, and relay control module is exported using multichannel relay
Board, each board are integrated in the controller；Gas sensor uses linear 4-20mA output gas sensor, and air velocity transducer is adopted
With 4-20mA output wind speed sensor, it is connected on multichannel analog amount input card；Temperature sensor uses thermocouple, connection
On multichannel temperature capture card.
A kind of monitoring method of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system gas leakage, using the Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system,
The following steps are included:
(S1) it simulates sulfur recovery facility in FLNG system and leaks scene；
(S2) according to the gas of simulation leak scene, simulation obtain gas leakage and diffusion data, according to gas leakage and
Diffusion data places gas sensor；
(S3) start monitoring system, real-time monitoring gas leakage concentration, the wind speed of environment, wind direction, temperature: controller is real-time
Acquire the gas leakage concentration information of gas sensor detection, the temperature information of temperature sensor detection and air velocity transducer monitoring
Wind speed information；
(S4) according to the concentration information of gas leakage, start acoustic-optic alarm and purification device, to leaked gas into
The processing of row emergency purifying.
Preferably, in step (S1), it includes leakage device oneself factor and leakage field environmental factor that gas, which leaks scene, is let out
Leakage device oneself factor includes leakage point position, leakage source strength, and leakage field environmental factor includes wind speed, wind direction, temperature；It finds out and deposits
In the device of gas leakage, the leakage point of simulation is determined；According to the technological parameter of leakage device, leakage source strength is found out；In conjunction with
The specific environment condition of leakage point position determines wind speed, the wind direction of simulation；Establish final simulated scenario collection.
Preferably, the specific steps of the sulfur recovery facility leakage scene in the simulation FLNG system include:
(ss1) sulfur recovery facility model and grid division are established；
(ss2) determination of leakage point position: leakage point position is arranged at the top of the device that device gas leakage gathers or manages
Line passes through the position of device；
(ss3) leakage source strength Q is calculated: according to:
Wherein, PaFor atmospheric environmental pressure, PcFor reservoir pressure；CDFor leadage coefficient, K is gas adiabatic coefficent,
Z is compressibility factor, and R is ideal gas constant；T is temperature in pressure vessel, and M is gas leakage molal weight, AorFor leak
Area；
The relevant parameter of the sulfur recovery facility of FLNG is substituted into above-mentioned formula respectively, acquires the leakage source strength of device；
(ss4) boundary condition defines: wind speed entrance boundary is set as entrance boundary condition, and leakage hole is set as mass flow
Entrance boundary condition, simulated domain top and two sides are symmetrical boundary condition, and outlet is set as free discharge boundary condition, bottom surface
Wall boundary condition is used with device wall surface, turbulence model uses standard k-ε model, according to following formula calculating speed entrance sides
Interlayer wind friction velocity and turbulent parameters:
Wherein, wind speed when v is away from ground level z, τ are Feng Kamen coefficient, and δ is drag velocity, z0For surface roughness,
CuFor model constants, k is Turbulent Kinetic, and ε is turbulivity；
(ss5) according to boundary condition, gas leakage and diffusion data, maximum distance and leakage including gas diffusion are solved
Concentration highest point, and gas sensor is arranged according to maximum distance and leakage concentration highest point.
Preferably, the step (ss5) includes according to boundary condition, gas diffusion maximum distance and leakage concentration highest point
The parameter method of specifically arranging gas sensor be the sparse arrangement gas sensing in diffusion concentration maximum distance 0.5m
Device, distance leak redundant arrangement gas sensor in the 1.0m of concentration highest point.
Preferably, the step (S4) includes the starting of monitoring system, and under test gas concentration level alarming value is respectively set, is
System monitors and acquires gas leakage concentration information；Judge whether gas concentration reaches alarming value, starts sound-light alarm and purification dress
It sets, purification device includes blower and spray system；When gas concentration reaches low alarming value, start blower and acoustic-optic alarm；
When gas leakage concentration reaches high alarming value, while starting spray system；Detect whether gas leakage concentration drops after purified treatment
To safety value, purified treatment is until concentration drops to safe range.
Preferably, the setting range of the high alarming value of under test gas concentration is 10-100ppm, the setting model of low alarming value
It encloses for 2-10ppm.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
The present invention is equipped to the hydrogen sulfide on-line monitoring system under the conditions of floating for South Sea deep-sea FLNG in stability, mould
The requirement of block, the operation of corrosion-resistant and explosion-proof and long-term safety etc. proposes a kind of gas leakage monitoring system, floating liquid
The monitoring method for changing natural gas system and its gas leakage realizes Online Monitoring Control using this monitoring system and device, sends out
Purification device carries out emergency processing at once when raw leakage, improves the safety and reliability of system.
(1) system of the invention is the automatic monitoring on line system that monitor set, early warning, security control and emergency processing are integrated
System；According to diffusion model, the diffusion field numerical result of FLNG sulfur recovery facility, in conjunction with gas leakage concentration, building ring
The weather informations such as border temperature, wind direction, wind speed, in arrangement gas sensor sparse in diffusion concentration maximum distance 0.5m, away from
Redundant arrangement gas sensor in 1.0m from leakage concentration highest point, acquires in real time convenient for the concentration of hydrogen sulfide to different location
Monitoring, improves the accuracy of monitoring；Meanwhile long-range sound-light alarm is carried out to online monitoring data graduation, realize safety
Interlocked control, timely and effectively starts emergency response scheme, and the exploitation for deep-sea gas field provides safety guarantee.
(2) for host computer master control remote deployment of the present invention in the Central Control Room of FLNG, slave computer is deployed in hydrogen sulfide on-line monitoring
Scene, can be arranged according to the possible leakage position of live sulfur recovery facility it is multiple from CompactRIO controller, from
Star-like link is carried out by the way of cable connection between CompactRIO controller, is adopted between main CompactRIO and host computer
It is communicated with optical fiber, each CompactRIO controller is arranged in explosion-proof tank, and it is rotten that explosion-proof tank carries out external marine atmosphere
Erosion and interior media corrosion control, each explosion-proof tank are arranged in the same side of FLNG device, the safety of comprehensive safeguards system
Reliability.
(3) controller of the present invention uses CompactRIO controller, small in size, degree of protection is high, facilitates installation, Neng Gou
Steady operation under the conditions of harsh environment and narrow regions；With time-sensitive network, it is able to carry out deterministic communication and same pacing
Amount；Measurement accuracy height, fast response time can carry out high speed dynamic and measure；Flexibility is high, and replacing different gas sensors can
To realize that the monitoring for gas with various controls.
(4) present invention can be realized and carry out high-precision real-time monitoring to hydrogen sulfide gas for a long time under marine environment, obtain dense
The real time information of degree, the specific concentration of hydrogen sulfide low warning threshold that is arranged is 10ppm, is being higher than 10ppm when hydrogen sulfide monitoring concentration
When, combined aural and visual alarm issues warning note, and blower starts work simultaneously；Setting concentration of hydrogen sulfide low warning threshold is 50ppm, when
When concentration of hydrogen sulfide is more than 50ppm, spray equipment starting sprays lye, until concentration is reduced to safety standard.
(5) CompactRIO of the invention carries FPGA, and program is downloaded in FPGA, can be detached from host computer and independently transport
Row, data can be automatically stored on CompactRIO controller in SD card, and staff can periodically take out data, alleviate
Dependence to staff.
(6) carried out data transmission between upper computer and lower computer CompactRIO controller of the present invention using optic communication, on
A photoelectric converter is placed between position machine and CompactRIO controller respectively, one is played modulating action, and one is played demodulation and made
With being communicated between photoelectric converter using optical fiber；It is more to cope with the scene FLNG interference signal with this, play anti-interference work
With；Optic communication long transmission distance, transmission speed are fast simultaneously, once hydrogen sulfide leaks, slave computer monitors leakage signal, stand
It carves and carries out emergency purifying processing, while sending instructions to host computer, after host computer obtains instruction, judge whether to close sulphur recovery
Device upstream equipment valve, abundant support personnel's safety.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is monitoring overall system architecture block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is on-line monitoring system layout drawing of the invention；
Fig. 3 is upper and lower computer optic communication design diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is host computer main program flow chart of the invention；
The position Fig. 5 slave computer closed loop execution flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described below in conjunction with attached drawing.
The present invention provides gas leakage monitoring system for FLNG, leaks for monitoring in floating natural gas liquefaction system
Gas station, FLNG gas leak based on the leakage of hydrogen sulfide gas in the source letter shoot road of sulfur recovery facility.Ginseng
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are examined, the present embodiment proposes a kind of on-line monitoring system of hydrogen sulfide by taking the on-line monitoring of hydrogen sulfide gas as an example,
Including sensing unit, control unit and optical communication element；
Sensing unit includes that the temperature for detecting the hydrogen sulfide sensor of concentration of hydrogen sulfide, for detecting environment temperature passes
Sensor and air velocity transducer for detecting wind speed；
Control unit obtains the data of the sensor acquisition of sensing unit, and carries out signal condition and control algolithm processing,
It generates control instruction and is sent to purification device and acoustic-optic alarm.Including signal conversion module, temperature collecting module and after
Electrical control module.Signal conversion module is connect with hydrogen sulfide sensor and air velocity transducer, obtains hydrogen sulfide sensor acquisition
The wind speed simulation signal for concentration of hydrogen sulfide analog signal and the air velocity transducer acquisition arrived, is converted into current signal, carries out data
Storage and processing；Temperature collecting module is connect with temperature sensor, obtains the operating ambient temperature information of temperature sensor acquisition
Be filtered the processing such as sampling, the collected thermo-electromotive force of temperature sensor be converted into voltage signal, carry out data storage and
Processing；Relay control module is connect with purification device and acoustic-optic alarm, is controlled according to the concentration of hydrogen sulfide information of detection
Purification device and acoustic-optic alarm processed.
Optical communication element includes photoelectric conversion module, and optical communication element is connect with control unit, for believing control unit
The host computer for being transmitted to master control room after photoelectric conversion module is modulated demodulation is ceased, data are carried out using optical fiber and master control system
Communication.
The present invention considers particular job environment of ocean, and hardware design part is used based on the scene NI company CompactRIO
Embedded system acquires concentration of hydrogen sulfide information by hydrogen sulfide sensor, obtains the real-time concentration information of hydrogen sulfide, Jin Erjin
Row automatically controls and early warning.CompactRIO controller and various modules can be at a temperature of -40 DEG C -70 DEG C and 10%RH-
It works under 90%RH humidity, and has conformal protective coating, be the ideal chose of long-term work Yu floating offshore environment.This implementation
In example, controller uses cRIO-9035 controller, and relay module uses NI9482 board, and signal conversion module uses
NI9203 board, temperature control modules use NI9217 board, and each board is integrated on controller cRIO-9035.Hydrogen sulfide passes
Sensor selects Searchpoint Optima Plus sensor, and air velocity transducer uses YGC-FS air velocity transducer, each sensing
Device is directly in succession on CompactRIO controller on the AI terminal of NI9203 capture card；Temperature sensor uses thermocouple, temperature
Degree sensor is connected on NI9217 board, and thermocouple anode connects RTD+ terminal, and thermocouple negative pole end connects RTD- terminal.
With reference to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, host computer master control room remote deployment is deployed in sulphur in the Central Control Room of FLNG, slave computer
Change hydrogen on-line monitoring scene, slave computer can be arranged according to the FLNG device quantity at scene it is multiple from CompactRIO controller,
From star-like link is carried out between CompactRIO controller by the way of cable connection, each CompactRIO controller is uniformly distributed
It sets in explosion-proof tank, explosion-proof tank carries out external sea atmosphere corrosion and interior media corrosion control；Main CompactRIO controller
It is communicated between host computer using optical fiber, high-speed data communication is carried out by optical interface module using optical fiber between the two,
A photoelectric converter is placed between host computer and CompactRIO controller respectively, one is played modulating action, and one is played demodulation
Effect is connected to photoelectric converter by cable by CompactRIO controller, is connected between photoelectric converter by optical fiber, light
It is connected between electric transducer and host computer by cable, realizes the data communication between host computer and slave computer；Controller output
Information is transmitted to host computer by the modulation and demodulation of photoelectric converter, and slave computer monitors leakage signal, and executing agency can
Emergency purifying processing is carried out at once, while sending instructions to host computer, after host computer obtains instruction, judges whether that closing sulphur returns
Receiving apparatus upstream equipment valve, abundant support personnel's safety.
Host computer of the invention is responsible for the functions such as terminal is shown, parameter setting, data store and data are transmitted, and is divided into real time
Data display window and historical data check that window, realtime curve window are for realizing sulfureted hydrogen gas concentration, meteorology
Stand data, scene temperature and wind speed real-time display, real-time concentration of hydrogen sulfide change curve is shown and real-time Fourier
(FFT) it shows；Historical data checks that window is mainly used for the reading and data processing of historical data, i.e., carries out Fu to historical data
Vertical leaf transformation (FFT) analysis and display.
With reference to Fig. 4, after data are transmitted to host computer, system executive carries out Fourier transformation and removes error, data weight
The data processings such as group, packet combining will select storing path with user interface and according to user instruction as the result is shown；Then clear
Buffer empty and press information collection button, user can according to need selection information collection or historical data is checked.
The CompactRIO controller that controller of the present invention uses, user can select different according to corresponding demand
Controller model selects different module models according to different needs.The present invention can be by replacing different gas sensings
Device, to realize that the monitoring for gas with various controls.
The present invention also provides a kind of monitoring methods of FLNG system gas leakage, the leakage prison for gas in FLNG
It surveys, FLNG leakage scene includes leakage device oneself factor and leakage field environmental factor, specially leakage point position, leakage source strength
With wind speed, wind direction, temperature, the present invention finds out the device there are hydrogen sulfide on the basis of FLNG industrial analysis, so that it is determined that mould
Quasi- leakage point position；According to the technological parameter of leakage device, leakage source strength is found out；Combining environmental condition, the wind speed of determining simulation,
Wind direction, temperature；Establish final simulated scenario collection.Specific steps are as follows:
(1) sulfur recovery facility simulated in FLNG leaks scene；
The specific steps of simulation FLNG hydrogen sulfide leakage scene include: in the present embodiment
1. establishing mounted cast and grid division using Comsol software；
2. the determination of leakage point position: leakage point position is arranged at the top of the device that device hydrogen sulfide gathers or hydrogen sulfide pipe
Line passes through the position of device；
3. leaking source strength Q to calculate: according to:
Wherein, PaFor atmospheric environmental pressure, PcFor reservoir pressure；CDFor leadage coefficient, K is gas adiabatic coefficent,
Z is compressibility factor, and R is ideal gas constant；T is temperature in pressure vessel, and M is gas leakage molal weight, AorFor leak
Area；
The relevant parameter of the sulfur recovery facility of FLNG is substituted into above-mentioned formula respectively, acquires the leakage source strength of device；
4. boundary condition defines: wind speed entrance boundary is set as entrance boundary condition, and leakage hole is set as mass flow and enters
Mouthful boundary condition, simulated domain top and two sides are symmetrical boundary condition, and outlet is set as free discharge boundary condition, bottom surface and
Device wall surface uses wall boundary condition, and turbulence model uses standard k-ε model, according to following formula calculating speeds entrance boundary
Layer wind friction velocity and turbulent parameters:
Wherein, v is the wind speed away from ground level z, and τ is Feng Kamen coefficient, and taking 0.4, δ herein is drag velocity, z0For ground
Surface roughness takes 0.01；CuFor model constants, 0.09 is taken；K is Turbulent Kinetic, and ε is turbulivity；
5. solving the maximum distance and the highest point of hydrogen sulfide leakage concentration for calculating hydrogen sulfide diffusion according to boundary condition.
(2) according to the FLNG hydrogen sulfide leakage contextual data of simulation, according to the maximum distance and maximum concentration of simulated scenario
Etc. parameter distributions formula place gas concentration sensor, i.e., in arrangement gas sensing sparse in diffusion concentration maximum distance 0.5m
Device, distance leak redundant arrangement gas sensor in the 1.0m of concentration highest point.
(3) start hydrogen sulfide on-line monitoring system, real-time monitoring hydrogen sulfide leakage concentration: start and initialize sound-light alarm
Device and purification device, CompactRIO controller acquire the gas concentration information of sensor, ambient wind velocity, wind direction, temperature in real time
Degree carries out emergency purifying processing to leaked gas.
With reference to Fig. 5, system starting is monitored, concentration of hydrogen sulfide height alarming value, the setting range of high alarming value is respectively set
For 10-100ppm, the setting range of low alarming value is 2ppm-10ppm.Initialize blower, combined aural and visual alarm, and be arranged blower,
Combined aural and visual alarm runing time, acquisition concentration of hydrogen sulfide information, wind speed and temperature information；Judge the sulfureted hydrogen gas concentration of detection
Whether reach low alarming value, reach alarming value and then start blower and acoustic-optic alarm, blower persistently extracts hydrogen sulfide gas, report
Alert device alarm；Judge whether gas reaches preset high alarming value, reach, start spray system simultaneously, FLNG equipment stops work
Make, purified treatment is carried out to gas leakage；Counter and the timing of blower timer synchronization are sprayed, judges that blower is after purified treatment
No to reach default runing time, whether spray system reaches default runing time, and whether detection concentration of hydrogen sulfide drops to safety value,
Purified treatment drops to safe range up to concentration of hydrogen sulfide, then closes blower, alarm and spray system.Monitoring systems stay exists
Line monitoring, closed-loop automatic control, until user stops operation.
In the present embodiment, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide low warning threshold of setting is 10ppm, is higher than when hydrogen sulfide monitoring concentration
When 10ppm, combined aural and visual alarm issues warning note, and blower starts work simultaneously；Concentration of hydrogen sulfide low warning threshold, which is arranged, is
50ppm, when concentration of hydrogen sulfide is more than 50ppm, spray equipment starting sprays lye, until concentration is reduced to safety standard.
In the present embodiment, direction redundancy in easy leakage point 0.5m is leaked with the gas of the easy leakage point of pipeline on the leeward
Arrange hydrogen sulfide sensor, the range of scatter and diffusion concentration of real-time monitoring hydrogen sulfide；It is sparse to set after the distance beyond 1.0m
Set hydrogen sulfide sensor, concentration of hydrogen sulfide after detection gas leakage on pedestrian passage and after taking certain emergency processing,
The concentration of hydrogen sulfide of pedestrian passage remnants, judges whether the hydrogen sulfide of leakage can impact human body and ambient enviroment.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
It imitates embodiment and is applied to other fields, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling to the above embodiments, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of gas leakage monitoring system, the content for monitoring leakage gas, it is characterised in that: including sensing unit, control
Unit and optical communication element processed；
Sensing unit includes that the temperature for detecting the gas sensor of gas leakage concentration, for detecting operating ambient temperature passes
Sensor and air velocity transducer for detecting wind speed；
Described control unit includes controller, and control unit is connect with sensing unit, obtains the sensor acquisition of sensing unit
Data, and signal condition and control algolithm processing are carried out, it generates control instruction and is sent to purification device and acoustic-optic alarm；
The optical communication element includes photoelectric conversion module, and optical communication element is connect with control unit, for believing control unit
The host computer for being transmitted to master control room after photoelectric conversion module is modulated demodulation is ceased, data are carried out using optical fiber and master control system
Communication.
2. gas leakage monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described control unit includes signal conversion
Module, signal conversion module are connect with gas sensor, air velocity transducer, obtain the collected gas concentration mould of gas sensor
Quasi- signal and the wind speed simulation signal for obtaining air velocity transducer acquisition, and it is converted into current signal, carry out data storage and place
Reason.
3. gas leakage monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described control unit further comprises temperature
Acquisition module is spent, temperature collecting module is connect with temperature sensor, the operating ambient temperature information of temperature sensor acquisition is obtained,
The collected thermo-electromotive force of temperature sensor is converted into voltage signal, carries out data storage and processing.
4. gas leakage monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described control unit further includes relay
Control module, relay control module are connect with purification device and acoustic-optic alarm, for dense according to the gas leakage of detection
Degree is to control purification device and acoustic-optic alarm.
5. a kind of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system, it is characterised in that: including gas described in any one of Claims 1-4
Leakage monitoring system.
6. Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the controller uses
CompactRIO controller, signal conversion module use multichannel analog amount input card, and temperature collecting module uses multichannel
Temperature acquisition card, relay control module use multichannel relay output board card, and each board is integrated in the controller；Gas passes
Sensor uses linear 4-20mA output gas sensor, and air velocity transducer uses 4-20mA output wind speed sensor, is connected to more
On channel analogy amount input card；Temperature sensor uses thermocouple, connecting multi-channel temperature acquisition card.
7. a kind of monitoring method of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system gas leakage, using described in claim 5 or 6 Floating Liquefied
Natural gas system, which comprises the following steps:
(S1) it simulates sulfur recovery facility in FLNG system and leaks scene；
(S2) scene is leaked according to the gas of simulation, simulation obtains gas leakage and diffusion data, leaks and spread according to gas
Data-optimized gas sensor arrangement；
(S3) start monitoring system, real-time monitoring gas leakage concentration, the wind speed of environment, wind direction, temperature: controller acquires in real time
The gas leakage concentration information of gas sensor detection, the temperature information of temperature sensor detection and the wind of air velocity transducer monitoring
Fast information；
(S4) according to the concentration information of gas leakage, start acoustic-optic alarm and purification device, leaked gas is answered
Anxious purified treatment.
8. the monitoring method of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system gas according to claim 7 leakage, in step (S1), gas
Leakage scene includes leakage device oneself factor and leakage field environmental factor, leakage device oneself factor include leakage point position,
Source strength is leaked, leakage field environmental factor includes wind speed, wind direction, temperature；The device there are gas leakage is found out, determines letting out for simulation
Leak source position；According to the technological parameter of leakage device, leakage source strength is found out；In conjunction with the specific environment condition of leakage point position,
Determine wind speed, the wind direction, temperature of simulation；Establish final simulated scenario collection.
9. the monitoring method of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system gas leakage according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described
Simulation FLNG system in sulfur recovery facility leakage scene specific steps include:
(ss1) sulfur recovery facility model and grid division are established；
(ss2) determination of leakage point position: leakage point position is arranged at the top of the device that device gas leakage gathers or pipeline warp
Cross the position of device；
(ss3) leakage source strength Q is calculated: according to:
Wherein, PaFor atmospheric environmental pressure, PcFor reservoir pressure；CDFor leadage coefficient, K is gas adiabatic coefficent, and Z is
Compressibility factor, R are ideal gas constant；T is temperature in pressure vessel, and M is gas leakage molal weight, AorTo leak hole face
Product；
The relevant parameter of sulfur recovery facility in FLNG is substituted into above-mentioned formula respectively, acquires the leakage source strength of device；
(ss4) boundary condition defines: wind speed entrance boundary is set as entrance boundary condition, and leakage hole is set as mass flow entrance
Boundary condition, simulated domain top and two sides are symmetrical boundary condition, and outlet is set as free discharge boundary condition, bottom surface and dress
Wall surface is set using wall boundary condition, turbulence model uses standard k-ε model, according to following formula calculating speed inlet boundary layers
Wind friction velocity and turbulent parameters:
Wherein, wind speed when v is away from ground level z, τ are Feng Kamen coefficient, and δ is drag velocity, z0For surface roughness, CuFor
Model constants, k are Turbulent Kinetic, and ε is turbulivity；
(ss5) according to boundary condition, gas leakage and diffusion data are solved, maximum distance and leakage concentration including gas diffusion
Highest point, and gas sensor is arranged according to maximum distance and leakage concentration highest point.
10. the monitoring method of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas system gas leakage according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: institute
It states step (S4) and specifically includes the starting of monitoring system, the high and low alarming value of under test gas concentration is respectively set, system monitoring simultaneously acquires
Gas leakage concentration, temperature, wind speed information；Judge whether gas concentration reaches alarming value, start sound-light alarm and purification device,
Purification device includes blower and spray system；When gas concentration reaches low alarming value, start blower and acoustic-optic alarm；Leakage
When gas concentration reaches high alarming value, while starting spray system；Detect whether gas leakage concentration drops to peace after purified treatment
Total head, purified treatment is until concentration drops to safe range.
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| CN111552219A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-18 | 山西大学 | Coal bed gas storage and transportation whole-process monitoring system and method |
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| CN113945327A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-01-18 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Multi-physical-quantity coupled hydrogen leakage monitoring system and method |
| CN114323448A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-04-12 | 北京格睿能源科技有限公司 | Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning system and method |
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| CN110726805A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-24 | 中国农业大学 | Oxygen leakage early warning device and oxygen leakage early warning method in aquarium fish transportation |
| CN112733312A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Natural gas gathering and transportation pipeline leakage simulation device and simulation method |
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| CN111552219A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-18 | 山西大学 | Coal bed gas storage and transportation whole-process monitoring system and method |
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| CN114441513B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2024-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Estimation method for leakage diffusion distance of hydrogen sulfide-containing equipment |
| CN114441513A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Estimation method for leakage diffusion distance of equipment containing hydrogen sulfide |
| CN113945327A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-01-18 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Multi-physical-quantity coupled hydrogen leakage monitoring system and method |
| CN114323448A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-04-12 | 北京格睿能源科技有限公司 | Hydrogen leakage detection and positioning system and method |
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