CN111089855B - Differential absorption laser radar NO 2 Space-time distribution day and night automatic detection device - Google Patents

Differential absorption laser radar NO 2 Space-time distribution day and night automatic detection device Download PDF

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CN111089855B
CN111089855B CN201911352717.1A CN201911352717A CN111089855B CN 111089855 B CN111089855 B CN 111089855B CN 201911352717 A CN201911352717 A CN 201911352717A CN 111089855 B CN111089855 B CN 111089855B
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laser
mirror
lens
total reflection
raman
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CN111089855A (en
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范广强
张天舒
吕立慧
项衍
付毅宾
董云升
赵雪松
刘建国
刘文清
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Anhui University
Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
    • G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a differential absorption laser radar NO 2 The space-time distribution day and night automatic detection device comprises a laser emission unit, an optical receiving unit, a signal acquisition and signal analysis unit, wherein the laser emission unit adopts a laser D 2 、CH 4 The double-Raman tube light source system simultaneously emits 395.6nm and 396.82nm laser which is received by the optical receiving unit, an optical signal output by the optical receiving unit is converted into a digital signal by the signal acquisition unit and is stored on the industrial personal computer, and the digital signal is analyzed in real time through the signal analysis unit. Echo signals of two channels are simultaneously detected to meet the requirement of troposphere NO 2 The requirement of the detection precision of the vertical profile can be met by the invention 2 The three-dimensional distributed all-weather observation all day and night has higher time resolution, spatial resolution and high detection precision.

Description

Differential absorption laser radar NO 2 Space-time distribution day and night automatic detection device
Technical Field
The invention relates toAn optical remote measuring receiving device, in particular to a differential absorption laser radar and a D 2 、CH 4 The double-Raman tube differential absorption light source and the high spectral resolution spectrometer are combined to establish a differential absorption laser radar for simultaneously transmitting dual-wavelength laser and simultaneously receiving echo signals, so that the troposphere NO is realized 2 Techniques and methods for automatic continuous monitoring of spatiotemporal distributions.
Background
NO 2 Is an important component in troposphere chemistry, influences the composition and content of atmospheric free radicals, is also a main prerequisite for boundary layer ozone generation, and has important influence on atmospheric oxidation capability. And in the stratosphere, NOx and O 3 Photochemical reaction occurs to intensify O 3 The consumption of (c). The Jingjin Ji area, the Yangtze triangle area and the Zhujiang Delta are the three areas with the most active economy in China and are also areas with concentrated population distribution in China, the motor vehicles in the three areas are increased year by year, the discharge amount of nitrogen oxides is also increased year by year, and NO is caused 2 The concentration often exceeds the standard, and the atmospheric pollution in the Jingjin Ji area is obviously transmitted mutually, and the atmospheric pollution condition is worsened year by year. Thus to NO 2 The monitoring of the spatio-temporal distribution is also imperative.
To NO at present 2 The concentration measurement is mainly realized by adopting a chemiluminescence method and a DOAS technology, a ground point type instrument mainly adopts a chemiluminescence mode, and the Max-DOAS technology uses natural light such as sunlight as a light source and utilizes different characteristic absorptions of various gas molecules in different wave bands when the gas is transmitted in the atmosphere, thereby realizing a spectrum technology for qualitatively and quantitatively measuring the gas and realizing the NO of the troposphere 2 Measurement of column concentration. The differential absorption laser radar has the characteristics of high measurement precision, high space-time resolution, capability of continuous measurement and the like, and becomes the method for measuring the atmosphere NO 2 The important active remote sensing tool. NO (nitric oxide) 2 The absorption spectrum is complex, the absorption cross section is small, about 1nm, an absorption peak and an absorption valley exist, nitrogen dioxide is mainly distributed in the near-ground atmosphere, the near-ground atmospheric aerosol interference is large, and the DIAL technology is applied to NO 2 Vertical detection needs to be mainly solvedThe above-faced problems. The german scientist k.w.rothe et al first proposed measuring NO using a differential absorption lidar system mounted on a tunable fuel laser 2 Concentration, and the feasibility of a differential absorption laser radar method is verified, and 200ppb NO is measured above the Koron city 2 And (4) concentration. Kent A.Fredriksson et al, swedish scientist, using Nd: YAG laser triple frequency pumping fuel laser to generate 446.8nm and 448.1nm as NO respectively 2 Differential absorption light source for measuring NO in high concentration region of chimney and peripheral chimney of ammonium salt chemical plant 2 The content of (a). The Nd-YAG laser pump tunable fuel laser has the problems of short fuel service life, wavelength drift, frequent calibration of laser wavelength, larger laser light source volume, low laser spectrum purity and the like, and influences on NO 2 The differential absorption laser radar technology is widely applied to atmospheric environment monitoring. And the light splitting mode of the subsequent light path adopts the mode that the broadband optical filter respectively receives two paths of differential echo signals in a time-sharing way, and the time-sharing detection introduces the influence of severe atmospheric jitter on NO 2 The inversion introduces large disturbance errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a differential absorption laser radar NO based on a double-Raman tube light source 2 A time-space distribution day and night automatic detection device is developed, a light source based on a Raman frequency shift technology is developed to replace a fuel laser light source, a hyperspectral grating spectrometer is designed to realize simultaneous reception of differential echo signals, and convection layer NO is realized 2 High spatial-temporal resolution and high-precision day and night continuous detection of spatial-temporal distribution; based on D 2 、CH 4 The double-Raman tube light source generates 266nm, 289nm, 299nm and 316nm four differential absorption wavelength pairs, and continuous detection of the concentration of ozone from the near ground to the top of the convection layer is realized; the Raman frequency shift light source has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, stable laser wavelength and the like, and is beneficial to the miniaturization and commercialization of the differential absorption laser radar; the output laser wavelength has no problems of laser wavelength drift, laser wavelength calibration and the like, and the automatic continuous measurement of the laser radar is facilitated; novel use of dual wavelength ultraviolet grating spectrometer to replace widthThe interference filter is provided, so that the simultaneous reception of differential echo signals is realized, namely, the interference of background noise in daytime is effectively reduced, and the influence caused by atmospheric jitter during time-sharing detection is eliminated.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: differential absorption laser radar NO 2 The time-space distribution day and night automatic detection device comprises a laser emission unit, an optical receiving unit, a signal acquisition unit and a signal analysis unit; the laser emitting unit includes: YAG triple frequency laser, dichroic mirror, first 45 degree total reflection mirror, first lens, and charge D 2 The Raman tube, the second 45-degree total reflection mirror, the second lens and the third 45-degree total reflection mirror; YAG quadruple frequency laser and dichroic mirror are common parts of two paths of emission laser units of the differential absorption laser radar; the second path of emission laser unit of the differential absorption laser radar comprises a fourth 45-degree total reflection mirror, a third lens and a CH (channel) charging unit 4 The Raman tube, a fifth 45-degree total reflection mirror, a fourth lens and a sixth 45-degree total reflection mirror. YAG triple frequency laser and charge D 2 Raman tube and CH charging device 4 The Raman tube, the dichroic mirror, the first 45-degree total reflection mirror, the second 45-degree total reflection mirror, the third 45-degree total reflection mirror, the fourth 45-degree total reflection mirror, the fifth 45-degree total reflection mirror, the sixth 45-degree total reflection mirror, the first lens and the second lens have the same center height and are sequentially carried on an optical flat plate. The output wavelength of the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser is 355nm, the output laser is divided into two beams by a dichroic mirror, wherein one beam is refracted by a first 45-degree total reflection mirror, passes through a first lens and is filled with D 2 The Raman tube is focused to generate Stokes effect at each stage, a 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light source is output, another 355nm laser beam is refracted by a fourth 45-degree full-reflecting mirror and then is filled with CH after passing through a third lens 4 The Raman tube is focused to generate Stokes effects (the Stokes effects are divided into first-order effect, second-order effect, third-order effect, etc., and can respectively generate Raman frequency-shifted light sources with various wavelengths, such as 355nm laser passing through CH 4 The first-order stokes effect can generate 395.6nm laser light), and 395.6nm and 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light sources are output. The laser radar receiving optical system comprisesA receiving telescope and a hyperspectral grating spectrometer. The hyperspectral grating spectrometer comprises a collimating mirror, a high-resolution planar holographic grating, a concave mirror, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a third plane mirror and a photomultiplier tube group. The collimating mirror converts the echo signal received by the telescope into parallel light, and the parallel light is received by the high-resolution planar holographic grating; the high-resolution plane holographic grating disperses and separates 395.6nm and 396.82nm light; the concave mirror adopts a long focal mirror, adopts a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror and a third plane mirror to reflect for multiple times to increase the optical path, and separates 395.6nm and 396.82nm to a distance enough for the photomultiplier to receive. The signal acquisition and signal analysis unit comprises a transient recorder and an industrial personal computer, the transient recorder comprises a high-speed AD collector and a photon counter, the two modules receive the same path of differential absorption echo signals at the same time, the AD collector is responsible for near-low end high-intensity echo signals, and the photon counter is responsible for long-distance single photon echo signals.
Further, the industrial personal computer automatically controls the Nd, YAG triple frequency laser and the transient recorder to work, and the industrial personal computer sends a laser starting signal to the Nd, YAG triple frequency laser through a serial port and simultaneously sends a working signal to the transient recorder to enter a pre-working state; after light is emitted by the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser, the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser and the transient recorder simultaneously send signals to be fed back to the industrial personal computer, after light is emitted by the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser, the light is split by the dichroic mirror, then the light is respectively transmitted by the two laser units of the differential absorption laser radar to generate 395.6nm laser and 396.82nm laser, the lasers are transmitted into the atmosphere, and generate the functions of meter scattering and Rayleigh scattering with particles and air molecules in the atmosphere, and the lasers and the trace gas NO generate the functions of meter scattering and Rayleigh scattering with the particles and the air molecules in the atmosphere 2 The absorption effect is generated, the receiving telescope receives two paths of differential absorption echo signals, the two paths of differential absorption echo signals are separated by the hyperspectral grating spectrometer, the photoelectric multiplier tube group converts optical signals into current signals, the transient recorder synchronously acquires data and simultaneously transmits the actual acquisition pulse number to the industrial personal computer in real time, the industrial personal computer performs timing and real-time display on signal states according to the actual acquisition pulse number fed back by the transient recorder, and simultaneously monitors the working states of the Nd, YAG triple frequency laser and the transient recorder; when the timing reaches the preset result, the industrial personal computerAnd simultaneously sending a work stopping command to the Nd-YAG three-year frequency doubling laser and the transient recorder through the serial port, and storing the acquired digital signals, the acquired parameters and the instrument working state data as laser radar data files by the industrial personal computer, wherein the working process is a circulating and uninterrupted process.
Further, said D 2 Raman tube, CH 4 The pumping efficiency of 395.6nm and 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light of the Raman tube device reaches 25 percent;
furthermore, the first lens and the second lens form a 2-time beam expanding system, and the third lens and the fourth lens form a 2-time beam expanding system;
furthermore, the high-resolution plane grating is adopted by the high-spectrum grating spectrometer, the spectral resolution of the high-spectrum grating spectrometer is 0.06nm/mm, and the optical efficiency reaches more than 30%;
further, the differential absorption laser radar NO based on the double Raman tubes 2 The time resolution of the space-time distribution day and night automatic detection device is 15min, and the space resolution is 150m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, all parts of the laser radar system are integrally designed, so that the stability and reliability of a mechanical structure are improved, and the problem that the laser radar system cannot work for a long time in all weather due to deformation caused by temperature and mechanical vibration is solved.
(2) YAG triple frequency laser pumping D 2 、CH 4 The Raman tube generates a dual-wavelength differential absorption wavelength pair, the Raman tube has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, stable laser wavelength and the like, the output laser wavelength does not have the problems of laser wavelength drift, laser wavelength calibration and the like, and the miniaturization and commercialization of the differential absorption laser radar are facilitated.
(3) According to the invention, the hyperspectral spectrometer is used as a light splitting device, so that the defect that an interference filter is easily influenced by environments such as temperature, humidity and pressure is overcome, and the long-term stability of the system is improved; the four-wavelength grating spectrometer adopts a grating with high spectral resolution, the spectral resolution can reach 0.06nm/mm, and the out-of-band inhibition capability is relatively dryThe interference filter is greatly improved, stray light interference is effectively filtered, and the signal to noise ratio of a signal is improved; realize NO 2 The two paths of echo signals of the laser radar are received at the same time through differential absorption, and atmospheric interference caused by atmospheric jitter is effectively deducted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a laser radar receiving optical setup system according to the present invention.
In the figure: YAG triple frequency laser 1, dichroic mirror 2, first 45 degree total reflection mirror 3, first lens 4, charge D 2 A Raman tube 5, a second 45-degree total reflection mirror 6, a second lens 7, a third 45-degree total reflection mirror 8, a fourth 45-degree total reflection mirror 9, a third lens 10 and a charge CH 4 The system comprises a Raman tube 11, a fifth 45-degree total reflection mirror 12, a fourth lens 13, a sixth 45-degree total reflection mirror 14, a receiving telescope 15, a high-transmittance optical fiber 16, a hyperspectral grating spectrometer, a collimating mirror 17, a high-resolution planar holographic grating 18, a concave mirror 19, a first planar mirror 20, a second planar mirror 21, a third planar mirror 22, a photomultiplier group 23, a transient recorder 24 and an industrial personal computer 25.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in FIG. 1, a differential absorption laser radar time-space distribution day-night automatic detection device based on a double Raman tube light source comprises a laser emission unit, an optical receiving unit, a signal acquisition unit and a signal analysis unit; the laser emitting unit includes: the first path of emission laser unit of the differential absorption laser radar comprises an Nd-YAG triple frequency laser 1, a dichroic mirror 2, a first 45-degree total reflection mirror 3, a first lens 4 and a charge D 2 A Raman tube 5, a second 45-degree total reflection mirror 6, a second lens 7 and a third 45-degree total reflection mirror 8; YAG quadruple frequency laser 1, color separation 1 mirror are the common part of two laser emitting units of the differential absorption laser radar; the second path of emission laser unit of the differential absorption laser radar comprises a fourth 45-degree total reflection mirror 9, a third lens 10 and a charge CH 4 A Raman tube 11, a fifth 45-degree total reflection mirror 12, a fourth lens 13 and a sixth 45-degree total reflection mirror 14. YAG triple frequency laser 1 and charge D 2 Raman tube 5, charge CH 4 The Raman tube 11, the dichroic mirror 2, and the first 45 DEG holographic mirrorThe reflecting mirror 3, the second 45-degree total reflecting mirror 6, the third 45-degree total reflecting mirror 8, the fourth 45-degree total reflecting mirror 9, the fifth 45-degree total reflecting mirror 12, the sixth 45-degree total reflecting mirror 14, the first lens 4 and the second lens 7 have the same center height and are sequentially carried on an optical flat plate. YAG triple frequency laser 1 with output wavelength of 355nm is divided into two beams by dichroic mirror 2, wherein one beam is refracted by first 45 degree total reflection mirror 3, passes through first lens 4, and is charged with D 2 Focusing in the Raman tube 5 to generate Stokes effect at different levels, outputting 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light source, refracting another 355nm laser beam by the fourth 45-degree full-reflecting mirror 9, and then passing through the third lens 10 to charge CH 4 The Raman tube 11 is internally focused to generate Stokes effects at different levels (the Stokes effects are divided into a first-level effect, a second-level effect, a third-level effect and the like, and can respectively generate Raman frequency shift light sources with various wavelengths, such as 355nm laser light passing through CH 4 The first-order stokes effect can generate 395.6nm laser light), and 395.6nm and 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light sources are output. The laser radar receiving optical system comprises a receiving telescope 15, a high-transmittance optical fiber 16 and a hyperspectral grating spectrometer. The hyperspectral grating spectrometer comprises a collimating mirror 17, a high-resolution planar holographic grating 18, a concave mirror 19, a first plane mirror 20, a second plane mirror 21, a third plane mirror 22 and a photomultiplier tube group 23. The collimating mirror 17 converts the echo signal received by the telescope 15 into parallel light, and the parallel light is received by the high-resolution plane holographic grating 18; the high-resolution plane holographic grating 18 disperses and separates 395.6nm and 396.82nm light; the concave mirror 19 adopts a long focal lens, and adopts a first plane mirror 20, a second plane mirror 21 and a third plane mirror 22 to reflect for multiple times to increase the optical path, so that 395.6nm and 396.82nm are separated to a distance enough for a photomultiplier tube group to receive. The signal acquisition and signal analysis unit comprises a transient recorder 24 and an industrial personal computer 25, the transient recorder 24 comprises a high-speed AD collector and a photon counter, the two modules receive the same path of differential absorption echo signals at the same time, the AD collector is responsible for the near-low end high-intensity echo signals, and the photon counter is responsible for the long-distance single photon echo signals.
The working engineering of the invention is as follows:
the industrial personal computer 25 automatically controls Nd-YAG frequency-triplingThe optical device 1 and the transient recorder work 24, and the industrial personal computer 25 sends a laser starting signal to the Nd, YAG, triple frequency laser 1 through a serial port, simultaneously sends a working signal to the transient recorder 24, and enters a pre-working state; after light is emitted by the Nd-YAG triple-frequency laser 1, the Nd-YAG triple-frequency laser 1 and the transient recorder 24 simultaneously send signals to be fed back to an industrial personal computer, after the light is emitted by the Nd-YAG triple-frequency laser 1, the light is split by a dichroic mirror and then respectively passes through two laser emitting units of a differential absorption laser radar to generate 395.6nm and 396.82nm lasers which are emitted into the atmosphere, generate the functions of meter scattering and Rayleigh scattering with particles and air molecules in the atmosphere, and react with trace gas NO to generate the functions of meter scattering and Rayleigh scattering 2 The absorption effect is generated, the receiving telescope 15 receives two paths of differential absorption echo signals, the two paths of differential absorption echo signals are separated by a hyperspectral grating spectrometer, the photomultiplier tube group 23 converts optical signals into current signals, the transient recorder 24 synchronously acquires data and simultaneously transmits the actual acquisition pulse number to the industrial personal computer in real time, the industrial personal computer 25 performs timing and real-time display on the signal state according to the actual acquisition pulse number fed back by the transient recorder, and simultaneously monitors the working states of the Nd, namely the YAG triple frequency laser 1 and the transient recorder 24; when the timing reaches a preset result, the industrial personal computer 25 simultaneously sends a work stopping command to the Nd: YAG three-year frequency doubling laser 1 and the transient recorder 24 through serial ports, and the industrial personal computer 25 stores the acquired digital signals, the acquired parameters and the instrument working state data as laser radar data files, wherein the working process is a circulating and uninterrupted process.
The invention has the following main characteristics:
the charger D 2 Raman tube 5, fill CH 4 The pumping efficiency of 395.6nm and 396.82nm Raman frequency-shifted light of the Raman tube 11 device reaches 25 percent;
the first lens 4 and the second lens 7 form a 2-time beam expanding system, and the third lens 10 and the fourth lens 13 form a 2-time beam expanding system;
the high-resolution plane grating 18 is adopted by the high-spectrum grating spectrometer, the spectral resolution of the high-spectrum grating spectrometer is 0.06nm/mm, and the optical efficiency reaches more than 30%;
the differential absorption laser radar NO based on the double Raman tubes 2 Spatial-temporal distributionThe time resolution of the day and night automatic detection device is 15min, and the spatial resolution is 150m.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. The invention is not described in detail and is not part of the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art, and all changes and modifications that come within the spirit and scope of the invention are desired to be protected.

Claims (1)

1. Differential absorption laser radar NO 2 Space-time distribution day and night automatic detection device, its characterized in that: the device comprises a laser emission unit, an optical receiving unit and a signal acquisition and signal analysis unit; the laser emitting unit includes: YAG triple frequency laser, dichroic mirror, first 45 degree total reflection mirror, first lens, and charge D 2 The Raman tube, the second 45-degree total reflection mirror, the second lens and the third 45-degree total reflection mirror; YAG quadruple frequency laser and dichroic mirror are common parts of two paths of emission laser units of the differential absorption laser radar; the second path of emission laser unit of the differential absorption laser radar comprises a fourth 45-degree total reflection mirror, a third lens and a CH (channel) charging unit 4 The Raman tube, a fifth 45-degree total reflection mirror, a fourth lens and a sixth 45-degree total reflection mirror; YAG triple frequency laser and charge D 2 Raman tube and CH charging device 4 The Raman tube, the dichroic mirror, the first 45-degree total reflection mirror, the second 45-degree total reflection mirror, the third 45-degree total reflection mirror, the fourth 45-degree total reflection mirror, the fifth 45-degree total reflection mirror, the sixth 45-degree total reflection mirror, the first lens and the second lens have the same center height and are sequentially arranged on an optical flat plate; the output wavelength of the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser is 355nm, the output laser is divided into two beams by a dichroic mirror, wherein one beam is refracted by a first 45-degree total reflection mirror, passes through a first lens and is filled with D 2 The Raman tube is focused to generate Stokes effect at each stage, a 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light source is output, another 355nm laser beam is refracted by a fourth 45-degree full-reflecting mirror and then is filled with CH after passing through a third lens 4 The Raman tube is internally focused to generate Stokes effects of various levels, wherein the Stokes effects of various levels comprise a first-level effect, a second-level effect and a third-level effect which are respectivelyCan generate Raman frequency-shift light source with various wavelengths, wherein 355nm laser passes through CH 4 The first-order stokes effect can generate 395.6nm laser, and output 395.6nm and 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light sources, the laser radar receiving optical system comprises a receiving telescope and a hyperspectral grating spectrometer, and the hyperspectral grating spectrometer comprises a collimating mirror, a high-resolution plane holographic grating, a concave mirror, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, a third plane mirror and a photomultiplier tube group; the collimating lens converts the echo signal received by the telescope into parallel light, and the parallel light is received by the high-resolution plane holographic grating; the high-resolution plane holographic grating disperses and separates 395.6nm and 396.82nm light; the concave mirror adopts a long focal lens, the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror and the third plane mirror are adopted for multiple reflection to increase the optical path, 395.6nm and 396.82nm are separated to a distance enough for a photomultiplier to receive, the signal acquisition and signal analysis unit comprises a transient recorder and an industrial personal computer, the transient recorder comprises a high-speed AD collector and a photon counter, the two modules simultaneously receive the same path of differential absorption echo signals, the AD collector is responsible for near-low end high-intensity echo signals, and the photon counter is responsible for long-distance single photon echo signals;
the industrial personal computer automatically controls the Nd, YAG triple frequency laser and the transient recorder to work, and sends a laser starting signal to the Nd, YAG triple frequency laser through a serial port and simultaneously sends a working signal to the transient recorder to enter a pre-working state; after light is emitted by the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser, the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser and the transient recorder simultaneously send signals to be fed back to the industrial personal computer, after light is emitted by the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser, the light is split by the dichroic mirror, then the light is respectively transmitted by the two laser units of the differential absorption laser radar to generate 395.6nm laser and 396.82nm laser, the lasers are transmitted into the atmosphere, and generate the functions of meter scattering and Rayleigh scattering with particles and air molecules in the atmosphere, and the lasers and the trace gas NO generate the functions of meter scattering and Rayleigh scattering with the particles and the air molecules in the atmosphere 2 The absorption effect is generated, the receiving telescope receives two paths of differential absorption echo signals, the two paths of differential absorption echo signals are separated by the hyperspectral grating spectrometer, the photomultiplier tube group converts the optical signals into current signals, the transient recorder synchronously acquires data, and simultaneously transmits the actual acquisition pulse number to the industrial personal computer and the industrial personal computer in real timeThe control machine performs timing and real-time display of signal states according to the actual collected pulse number fed back by the transient recorder, and simultaneously monitors the working states of the Nd-YAG triple frequency laser and the transient recorder; when the timing reaches a preset result, an industrial personal computer simultaneously sends a work stopping command to an Nd (yttrium aluminum garnet) three-year frequency doubling laser and a transient recorder through serial ports, and the industrial personal computer saves acquired digital signals, acquisition parameters and instrument working state data as a laser radar data file, wherein the working process is a circulating uninterrupted process;
said D 2 Raman tube, CH 4 The pumping efficiency of 395.6nm and 396.82nm Raman frequency shift light of the Raman tube device reaches 25 percent;
the first lens and the second lens form a 2-time beam expanding system, and the third lens and the fourth lens form a 2-time beam expanding system;
the high-resolution plane grating is adopted by the high-spectrum grating spectrometer, the spectral resolution of the high-spectrum grating spectrometer is 0.06nm/mm, and the optical efficiency reaches more than 30%;
differential absorption laser radar NO of double Raman tubes 2 The time resolution of the time-space distribution day-night automatic detection device is 15min, and the space resolution is 150m.
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