Background
Probiotics generally refer to microbial agents and metabolites thereof that improve the microbial balance of a host to exert beneficial effects and achieve the purpose of improving the health level and state of the host. Enterococcus faecalis: (Enterococcus faecalis ) One of the lactic acid bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, is one of the main groups of bacteria in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals.
The probiotic mechanism of action of enterococcus faecalis includes: (1) as one of lactic acid bacteria, enterococcus faecalis can produce bacteriocin, organic acid or volatile fatty acid and the like to improve the environment in the intestinal tract, so as to achieve the effects of competing for the application components of harmful bacteria or inhibiting the growth and activity of the harmful bacteria; (2) enterococcus faecalis can form a biological film in the intestinal tract of an animal and attach to the intestinal mucosa of the animal, so that the normal development and growth reproduction can be carried out, a lactic acid bacteria barrier can be formed, and the invasion of foreign toxins and pathogenic bacteria can be resisted; (3) enterococcus faecalis can convert nitrogen-free extracts of various carbohydrates into lactic acid which can be completely absorbed and utilized by organisms; can also decompose part of protein; (4) enterococcus faecalis can remarkably enhance the activity of macrophages, promote the development of immune organs, improve the immune response capability of animals, and promote the generation of antibodies and the secretion of cytokines, thereby enhancing the immunity of organisms (Anyuting, Huhao, Wangzhi, Zhouxiexiu, the biological characteristics of enterococcus faecalis and the application thereof in the breeding industry, Anhui agricultural science 2015, 43 (27): 115-117).
In feed additive variety catalog (2013), enterococcus faecalis is classified as a microbial feed additive, and is applicable to cultured animals. There are many reports on the application of enterococcus faecalis in livestock and poultry breeding. CN104293697B discloses a chicken feed probiotic containing enterococcus faecalis and a preparation method thereof, and the beneficial effects are that: the feed utilization efficiency of animals is improved, the cost is saved, the steady state of the internal digestive tract environment of the animals is greatly improved, the absorption and utilization of nutrition are promoted, the growth of the animals is promoted, the production performance, the immunity performance and the reproductive performance of the animals are obviously improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved. CN110326706A discloses a compound high-activity probiotics for feeding containing enterococcus faecalis, which has the beneficial effects that: the probiotic agent can effectively improve the utilization rate of feed and the immunity of the cultured animal body, reduce the probability of diarrhea and diarrhea, improve the color and luster of animal fur and the quality of meat, reduce the odor of animal excrement, reduce the medical administration times and reduce the animal feeding cost.
Most lactic acid bacteria can not resist the action of adverse environmental conditions such as gastric acid, bile salt and the like in the digestive tract of animals, and can not resist high temperature, pressure and shearing force during granulation in the processing of granulated feeds, and can be easily influenced by temperature, extrusion and oxygen in the transportation and storage processes, so that the activity is greatly reduced and even dies, and the titer of the live bacteria preparation and the due probiotic characteristics thereof are seriously influenced (Wangjianhua, Yang New construction, Tengda, WangXiuMin, Mao-Ruiyu, Haia, a enterococcus faecalis microcapsule and a preparation method thereof, CN 107260704A). Enterococcus faecalis also suffers from the same problem. The room temperature stability of 3 domestic similar products is inspected by Jiang Wen Tao and the like, and the survival rate is found to be not more than 32% at most in 60 days (the influence factors of the stability of Jiang Wen Tao, Maxam, Jiapunhui, Rugang, Qiubu and micro-encapsulation enterococcus faecalis are research, and the research on feed shows that the 01 th stage in 2018 is 74-78).
Numerous attempts have been made by researchers to enhance the stability of enterococcus faecalis. Zhang Lin et al prepared microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis by emulsification gelation, found that the survival rate of microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis 5 months was increased from 10.96% to 30.42%, and the resistance to adverse environment was significantly improved (Zhang YuTing, extremely waves, Lijie, WangWei, Lieike, research on the anti-stress action of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria by emulsification gelation, report on animal nutrition, 11 th 2015: 3636 one 3642). In vitro characteristics of microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis are researched by Duchen and the like, and the in vitro characteristics of the microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis are found to be obviously improved compared with a bacterium powder sample, and the survival rate of the microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis is increased from 31.5% to 65.9% in 6 months (research on in vitro characteristics of Duchen Lin, Yi Wang, Lixue Ping and microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis, Chinese feed additive, 7 th stage in 2018: 36-39). The survival rate of the micro-encapsulated enterococcus faecalis reaches 96.6 percent in 45 days and is obviously improved compared with 11.3 percent of the original bacterial powder by selecting a proper carrier and controlling the moisture; in pilot plant experiments, the 30-day survival rate and the 60-day survival rate of the microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis can respectively reach 88.7 percent and 81.3 percent (Jiang Wen, Majiaarmy, Jiapunhui, Rugang, Qiongong, research on stability influencing factors of the microencapsulated enterococcus faecalis, feed research, 2018, stage 01: 74-78).
Based on cost factors and processing convenience, the feeding probiotics not only require significant probiotic functions, but also must have good processing performance and storage performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention relates to enterococcus faecalisEnterococcus faecalis )014 it is preserved in China center for type culture Collection in Wuhan, China in 2019, 12 months and 31 days, with the preservation number of CCTCC NO: m20191139.
Example 1
Taking enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: the M20191139 fermentation broth was evaluated for acid resistance.
The viable count of the enterococcus faecalis fermentation liquor is 50 hundred million cfu/mL. 1mL of enterococcus faecalis fermentation liquid is added into simulated gastric juice, and cultured at 37 ℃. And sampling at regular time, measuring the viable count of the enterococcus faecalis, comparing the viable count with the initial viable count, and calculating the survival rate.
The preparation method of the simulated gastric fluid comprises the following steps: 100mL of diluted hydrochloric acid solution with the pH value of 1.5-3.0 are prepared respectively, and 1g of pepsin is added respectively to ensure that the pepsin is fully dissolved and simulates gastric juice.
And (3) determining the viable count of the enterococcus faecalis by adopting a pour plate method. Ten times of dilution is carried out by sterile normal saline, 1mL of diluent is taken on a culture dish, MRS culture medium which is cooled to 45 ℃ after sterilization is poured on the culture dish, the culture dish is quickly shaken up and is cultured for 24 hours at 37 ℃, and the quantity of enterococcus faecalis is calculated. The MRS culture medium preparation method comprises the following steps: 10.0g of peptone, 5.0g of beef powder, 4.0g of yeast powder, 20.0g of glucose, 801.0mL of Tween, 2.0g of dipotassium phosphate heptahydrate, 5.0g of sodium acetate trihydrate, 2.0g of triammonium citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate and 15.0g of agar powder, adding the components into 1000mL of distilled water, heating for dissolving, adjusting the pH value to be 6.2 +/-0.2, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 15-20 min.
Table 1 enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: survival rate of M20191139 in different simulated gastric acid conditions
Gastric juice of human and animals is strongly acidic, and simulated gastric juice is adopted to evaluate the content of enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: acid resistance of M20191139. pH1.5-3.0, and the CCTCC NO: the survival rate of M20191139 decreased gradually; the lower the pH, the more pronounced the tendency to decline. Even then, after 180min of action at pH1.5, enterococcus faecalis CCTCCNO: the survival rate of M20191139 still reaches 58%, which shows that the CCTCC NO: m20191139 has good acid resistance.
Example 2
Taking enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: the M20191139 fermentation liquor was evaluated for its bile salt resistance.
The viable count of the enterococcus faecalis fermentation liquor is 50 hundred million cfu/mL. Adding 1mL of enterococcus faecalis fermentation liquor into simulated bile salt, and culturing at 37 ℃. And sampling at regular time, measuring the viable count of the enterococcus faecalis, comparing the viable count with the initial viable count, and calculating the survival rate.
The preparation method of the simulated bile salt comprises the following steps: 8g of sodium chloride, 0.2g of potassium chloride, 3.63g of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 0.24g of monopotassium phosphate, 1000mL of purified water and 0.1-0.3% of pig bile salt.
The method for measuring the viable count of enterococcus faecalis and the method for calculating the viable count of enterococcus faecalis are the same as in example 1.
Table 2 enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: survival rate of M20191139 in different simulated bile salt conditions
Bile salts are destructive to microorganisms. To be probiotic, the microorganisms must be tolerant to bile salts. The concentration of bile salt in human body is generally 0.3%, and animals are different. Under the condition of simulating a bile salt test, the content of enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: the survival rate of M20191139 gradually decreased; the higher the bile salt concentration, the more pronounced the downward trend. 0.5% bile salt, after 6hr, enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: the survival rate of M20191139 still reaches 79%, which shows that the CCTCC NO: m20191139 has good bile salt resistance.
Example 3
For enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: the storage stability of the M20191139 single-strain powder was evaluated.
Mixing enterococcus faecalis original bacteria powder and anhydrous glucose in proportion to prepare single enterococcus faecalis bacteria powder (specification: 500 hundred million cfu/g-2000 hundred million cfu/g); sealing the single bacterium powder, storing at-18 deg.C, 4 deg.C and room temperature respectively, periodically measuring viable count, and calculating survival rate.
Table 3 enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: survival rate of M20191139 single-strain powder at different storage temperatures
The survival rates of enterococcus faecalis single powder with different specifications at different storage temperatures are slightly different, but the conclusion is consistent: it is easy to store at low temperature. From the test situation, the enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: the single M20191139 bacterial powder is stored for 2 months at room temperature, and the survival rate is kept above 80%; the survival rate is kept at about 70 percent after the storage for 3 months; the survival rate is not less than 60 percent after 6 months of storage. Thus, enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: the finished product of the M20191139 single-fungus powder has relatively long shelf life and is convenient for customers to use.
Example 4
And (2) adding enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: m20191139 single-strain powder (specification: 100 hundred million cfu/g) is used for feeding piglets.
108 weaned piglets with average weight of 28 days old (7.82 +/-0.75) kg are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group has 6 repetitions (each of the male and female accounts for half), each repetition has 6 repetitions, and each repetition has 1 column. Group I is blank group, and no probiotics and antibiotics are added into basic diet; group II is probiotic group, and the content of enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: m20191139 single-strain powder is mixed into basic feed, and the dosage is 1 per mill of the feeding amount; group III was the antibiotic group, with 500mg/kg colistin sulfate added to the basal diet. The piglets are raised in a closed piggery, are fed on cement ground, are fed and drunk freely, and are subjected to parasite expelling, disinfection and immunization according to the conventional raising management program of a pig farm, and the test period is 30 days. The calculation method of the diarrhea rate of the piglets is carried out according to the literature (Stroke, Yaohuansu, Jiangshan, Xiaoshui, Liuwuhua, Populicayun, Dongzhong, Guojun, the influence of enterococcus faecalis on the growth performance, the diarrhea rate, the blood biochemical index and the immune organ of the weaned piglets by replacing antibiotics, reports on animal nutrition 2015, 27 (6): 1832-:
table 4 enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: effect of M20191139 on piglet diarrhea Rate
|
Group I
|
Group II
|
Group III
|
Rate of diarrhea
|
7.3%
|
1.5%
|
5.2% |
Group I, group II, group III diarrhea rate 7.3%, 1.5%, 5.2%
Enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: m20191139 can remarkably reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets and has positive effect on promoting the healthy growth of the piglets.
Example 5
And (2) carrying out the culture of enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: m20191139 Single-strain powder (specification: 100 hundred million cfu/g) is used for feeding pet dogs.
Referring to Zhangingxiu method (Zhangingxiu, preparation and application research of high polyunsaturated fatty acid content dog food [ D ], Wuxi: university in south of the Yangtze river, 2013), 45 adult beagle dogs meeting the health requirements of experimental animals, 10kg of the adult beagle dogs are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, and each group comprises 15 dogs. The breeding temperature is 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 +/-5%, the illumination time is 7: 00-19: 00, and the breeding is carried out in one cage. Commercial dog food (full-value dog food of small and medium-sized baoluo adult dogs) is adopted to feed beagles according to the recommended feeding amount, and after three weeks, the beagles are randomly divided into 3 groups (a control group, an experimental group I and an experimental group II) to be fed respectively. The feeding time was 9 weeks. The control group was fed normal commercial dog food; in the first experimental group, the feed is mixed and fed according to the using amount of 1 per thousand; and in the second experimental group, the feed is mixed and fed according to the use amount of 0.5 per mill.
Collecting dog hair: days-21, -14, 0, 7, 14, 28, and 63. Scoring by sensory evaluation according to the Zhangming method: 1-dull, rough, dry; 2-not curved, not soft; 3-moderately full, moderately soft; 4-highly curved, very flexible; 5-greasy.
Table 5 enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: effect of M20191139 on dog Hair
In the state that NO enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: before M20191139, the scores of the control group, the first experimental group and the second experimental group are very close and are not basically distinguished, which indicates that the hair of the dogs is not different. Enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: after only 7 days of M20191139, the scores of the experimental group I and the experimental group II are improved compared with those of the control group; enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: after M2019113914 days, the scores of the experimental group I and the experimental group II are obviously higher than those of the control group. This indicates enterococcus faecalis CCTCC NO: m20191139 has obvious promotion effect on improving dog hair.