CN111088077B - Large biomass fixed bed gasification system and method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency - Google Patents

Large biomass fixed bed gasification system and method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency Download PDF

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CN111088077B
CN111088077B CN201911252230.6A CN201911252230A CN111088077B CN 111088077 B CN111088077 B CN 111088077B CN 201911252230 A CN201911252230 A CN 201911252230A CN 111088077 B CN111088077 B CN 111088077B
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gas
tar
furnace body
fuel
ash
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CN111088077A (en
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袁洪友
刘华财
黄艳琴
谢建军
陈文威
阴秀丽
吴创之
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
    • G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
    • G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale biomass fixed bed gasification system and a method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiencydThe device comprises a gas sampling point, an absorption device, a vacuum pump, a gas meter, an air bag, a gas chromatograph and an on-line gas analyzer, wherein the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point is provided with the absorption device, the gas outlet end of the absorption device is provided with the vacuum pump, the gas meter is arranged at the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump, the gas outlet end of the gas meter is connected with a switching valve, one way of the switching valve is connected with the oxygen analyzer, the other way of the gas outlet is also connected with the air bag, the gas chromatograph and the on-line gas analyzer, and accurate flying. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the measuring device and the measuring method are improved, and the accuracy of measuring the cold and hot gasification efficiency is improved.

Description

Large biomass fixed bed gasification system and method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quality control of gasification furnaces, in particular to a large biomass fixed bed gasification system and a method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency.
Background
The biomass is used as the raw material (namely the fuel) to produce energy through the thermochemical conversion technology, so that the large-scale operation is realized, and the biomass-based thermochemical conversion system has certain commercialization capacity. Some technical conditions regarding fuel properties and equipment have now formed some standard methods for reference, wherein gasification efficiency is an important parameter for evaluating the performance of biomass gasification furnaces, and refers to the ratio of gasification gas heat to fuel heat. The national ministry of agriculture releases NY/T1017-2006 straw gasification devices and system testing methods, stipulates the performance testing methods of the straw gasification devices, and obtains the cold air gasification efficiency and the hot air gasification efficiency of the biomass gasification furnace through a plurality of parameters.
In the actual operation, the fuel consumption G per unit time of a large fixed-bed gasification furnace (for example, biomass processing amount of 1t/h or more)dThe accurate acquisition of the gas flow meter is very difficult, and the gas flow meter cannot ensure the accuracy of measurement due to the influence of high temperature of tar, particles and gas, so that the calculation result of the gasification efficiency is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a large-scale biomass fixed bed gasification system and a method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency, and mainly solves the problem that the cold gas gasification efficiency and the hot gas gasification efficiency of a large-scale fixed bed gasification furnace are difficult to accurately measure and calculate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a large-scale biomass fixed bed gasification system comprises a furnace body, a gas sampling point arranged on the furnace body and a grate arranged at the lower end of the furnace body, wherein a distance meter is arranged at the top of the furnace body, an absorption device is arranged at the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point, a vacuum pump is arranged at the gas outlet end of the absorption device, a gas meter is arranged at the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump, the gas outlet end of the gas meter is connected with a switching valve, one way of the switching valve is connected with an oxygen analyzer, the other way of the gas outlet is also connected with an air bag, a gas chromatograph and an online gas analyzer, a main pipeline at the gas outlet end is connected with a gas purification system or enters a gas using device through a draught fan, the fan is connected to the bottom of the furnace body through a flow meter arranged in parallel, the fan or the oxygen, the bottom of the furnace body is connected with a steam boiler through a steam flowmeter, and the gas purification system is connected with a gas holder through a fan.
A method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency, which is applied to the large biomass fixed bed gasification system,
pre-obtaining a dry-based low calorific value, a water content and a received base bulk density of the fuel; the described testThe fuel downward movement distance is monitored by the distance meter, and the fuel consumption G in unit time is obtained through calculationd(ii) a The lower calorific value, the water content, the bulk density of the received substrate and G of the dry substratedCalculating to obtain the low-level calorific value of the fuel consumed in unit time;
and acquiring total air inflow through the flowmeter, wherein the total air inflow is used for calculating the gas production. Leading out a gas sample through a vacuum pump, controlling the air extraction amount to be 2-6L/min, enabling the gas sample to enter a gas meter after passing through an absorption device, obtaining the volume of the gas sample by the gas meter, obtaining the oxygen concentration in gas by an oxygen analyzer, storing the gas sample by an air bag, obtaining the content of each gas component in the gas sample by a gas chromatograph, obtaining the content of each gas component in the gas sample and the low calorific value Q of the gas by an online gas analyzergas；
Filtering the absorption liquid by adopting medium-speed quantitative filter paper after sampling is finished to obtain filter residue and filtrate, wherein the obtained filter residue is fly ash, and the filter residue is dried at 105 ℃ to remove water to obtain the fly ash quality CashThe obtained filtrate is tar solution, and the tar quality C is measured by freeze drying the filtrate to remove watertarMeasuring the heat value Q of the fly ash by an oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the measured quality of the fly ash and the quality of the tarashAnd calorific value Q of tartar；
Gas holder is from taking standard state that scale was calculated and is produced tolerance V in unit time0Or estimating the corresponding gas output by a nitrogen balance method;
by mixing the Gd、Qgas、QfuelAnd V0Substitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000031
(1) Calculating to obtain the cold gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacecold。
By mixing the Gd、Qgas、Qfuel、V0、Cash、Ctar、QashAnd QtarSubstitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000032
(2) Calculating to obtain the hot gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacehot。
In order to accurately measure the cold and hot gasification efficiency under the condition of no gas holder, the invention provides another large biomass fixed bed gasification system, which comprises a furnace body, a gas sampling point arranged on the furnace body and a fire grate arranged at the lower end of the furnace body, the top of the furnace body is provided with a distance meter, the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point is provided with an absorption device, the gas outlet end of the absorption device is provided with a vacuum pump, the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump is provided with a gas meter, the gas outlet end of the gas meter is connected with a switching valve, one path of the switching valve is connected with an oxygen analyzer, the other path of the gas outlet is also connected with an air bag, a gas chromatograph and an on-line gas analyzer, the gas outlet end main pipeline is connected with the induced draft fan, the bottom of the furnace body is connected with the centrifugal blower, and an anemoscope is arranged between the furnace body and the centrifugal blower.
A method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency is applied to the large biomass fixed bed gasification system, and the dry-based low-grade calorific value, the water content and the received bulk density of fuel are obtained in advance; the distance meter monitors the downward movement distance of the fuel, and the fuel consumption G in unit time is obtained through calculationd(ii) a The lower calorific value, the water content, the bulk density of the received substrate and G of the dry substratedCalculating to obtain the low-level calorific value of the fuel consumed in unit time;
acquiring total air inflow through the anemograph; leading out a gas sample through a vacuum pump, controlling the air extraction amount to be 2-6L/min, enabling the gas sample to enter a gas meter after passing through an absorption device, obtaining the volume of gas by the gas meter, obtaining the oxygen concentration by an oxygen analyzer, storing the gas sample by an air bag, obtaining the mass of each gas component in the gas sample by a gas chromatograph, and obtaining the volume concentration of each gas component in the gas sample and the low calorific value Q of the gas by an online gas analyzergas(ii) a Estimating the gas production V in unit time under corresponding standard state by nitrogen balance method0；
Filtering the absorption liquid by adopting medium-speed quantitative filter paper after sampling is finished to obtain filter residue and filtrate, wherein the obtained filter residue is fly ash, and the filter residue is dried at 105 ℃ to remove water to obtain the fly ash quality CashThe obtained filtrate is tar solution, and the tar quality C is measured by freeze drying the filtrate to remove watertarMeasuring the heat value Q of the fly ash by an oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the measured quality of the fly ash and the quality of the tarashAnd calorific value Q of tartar；
By mixing the Gd、Qgas、QfuelAnd V0Substitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000041
(1) Calculating to obtain the cold gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacecold。
By mixing the Gd、Qgas、Qfuel、V0、Cash、Ctar、QashAnd QtarSubstitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000042
(2) Calculating to obtain the hot gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacehot。
Such as the two large biomass fixed bed gasification systems described above,
further, the absorption device consists of at least 6 sampling bottles connected in series and placed in the ice-water mixture, and each sampling bottle contains 150mL of absorption liquid.
Furthermore, feed mechanism is installed to the feed inlet of furnace body, feed mechanism includes feed bin, horizontal conveyer, vertical lifting machine and screw feeder, horizontal conveyer is installed to the below of feed bin, vertical lifting machine is installed to the end of horizontal conveyer, screw feeder is installed at vertical lifting machine's top, screw feeder's end with the feed inlet of furnace body is connected.
Further, the absorption liquid is analytically pure isopropanol.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the distance meter is arranged at the top of the furnace body, the fuel downward movement distance is directly monitored, and the accurate fuel consumption G is obtaineddThereby improving the accuracy of the measurement of the cold gas gasification efficiency; the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point is provided with an absorption device, the gas outlet end of the absorption device is provided with a vacuum pump, the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump is provided with a gas meter, the gas outlet end of the gas meter is connected with a switching valve, one path of the switching valve is connected with an oxygen analyzer, the other path of the switching valve is also connected with an air bag, a gas chromatograph and an online gas analyzer, and accurate flying ash quality tar quality, flying ash heat value and tar heat value are obtained after treatment of filter residues and filtrate obtained by the absorption device, so that the accuracy of measurement of hot gas gasification efficiency is improved.
2. Under the condition that a gas cabinet is not arranged at a measuring site, a main pipeline at a gas outlet end of the gas is connected with an induced draft fan, the bottom of a furnace body is connected with a centrifugal blower to discharge the gas, an anemoscope is arranged between the furnace body and the centrifugal blower, and the total gas inflow is obtained through the anemoscope; estimation of the corresponding gas output V by means of the nitrogen equilibrium method0。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large biomass fixed bed gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a large biomass fixed bed gasification system according to example two of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-furnace body; 2-a screw feeder; 3-a grate; 4-a high level gauge; 5-a low level indicator; 6-a storage bin; 7-horizontal conveyor; 8-vertical elevator; 9-a gas purification system; 10-a fan; 11-a gas holder; 12-an oxygen generator; 13-a steam boiler; 14. a fan; 15. a float flow meter; 16-a valve; 17-a fan; 18-gas sampling point; 19-an absorption device; 20-a vacuum pump; 21-a gas meter; 22-oxygen analyzer; 23-a switching valve; 24-gas sampling points; 25-air pocket; 26-gas chromatography; 27-an on-line gas analyzer; 28-a steam flow meter; 29-oxygen electrode; 30-a centrifugal blower; 31-a draught fan; 32-a range finder; 33-a thermocouple; 34-an anemometer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the relevant aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings.
The formula to be used in the measurement method of the invention can be obtained from an industry standard document published by the national ministry of agriculture, and a person skilled in the art can obtain more accurate cold and hot gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace according to the embodiment disclosed by the invention without doubt, so that the method is not unclear. The following calculation methods, which are not described, are all considered to be well-known formulas and will not be described.
Example one
According to the figure 1, the embodiment provides a large biomass fixed bed gasification system, which comprises a furnace body 1, a gas sampling point 18 arranged on the furnace body 1 and a fire grate 3 arranged at the lower end of the furnace body, wherein a distance meter 32 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1, an absorption device 19 is arranged at the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point 18, a vacuum pump 20 is arranged at the gas outlet end of the absorption device 19, a gas meter 21 is arranged at the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump 20, the gas outlet end of the gas meter 21 is connected with a switching valve 23, one path of the switching valve 23 is connected with an oxygen electrode 29 of the oxygen analyzer 22, the other path of the gas outlet is also connected with an air bag 25, a gas chromatograph 26 and an online gas analyzer 27, a main pipe at the gas outlet end where the gas sampling point 18 is located is connected with a gas purification system 9, a fan 14 is connected to the bottom, the outlet of the flow meter 15 is provided with a valve 16, the bottom of the furnace body 1 is connected with a steam boiler 13 through a steam flow meter 28, and the gas purification system 9 is connected with a gas holder 11 through a fan 10. In addition, the outlet of the gas purification system 9 may be further provided with a gas sampling point 24 as a detection port for the gas stored in the gas purification system 9.
According to the large-scale biomass fixed bed gasification system provided by the embodiment, the invention also provides a method for measuring the cold and hot gasification efficiency, which is applied to the large-scale biomass fixed bed gasification system provided by the first embodiment,
pre-obtaining a dry-based low calorific value, a water content and a received base bulk density of the fuel; the distance meter 32 monitors the fuel downward movement distance, and calculates the fuel consumption G per unit timed(ii) a The lower calorific value, the water content, the bulk density of the received substrate and G of the dry substratedCalculating to obtain the lower heating value Q of the consumed fuelfuel；
The three flow meter valves 16 are kept fully open to obtain the total air inflow of the three flow meters 15, a gas sample is led out through a vacuum pump 20, the air extraction amount is controlled to be 2-6L/min, the gas sample enters a gas meter 21 after passing through an absorption device 19, the gas meter 21 obtains the volume of gas, an oxygen analyzer 22 obtains the concentration of oxygen, an air bag 25 stores the gas sample, a gas chromatograph 26 obtains the mass of each gas component in the gas sample, and an online gas analyzer 27 obtains the volume concentration of each gas component in the gas sample and the low calorific value Q of the gasgas；
Filtering the absorption liquid by adopting medium-speed quantitative filter paper after sampling to obtain filter residue and filtrate, wherein the obtained filter residue is fly ash, and drying the filter residue at 105 ℃ to remove water to obtain the fly ash mass CashThe obtained filtrate is tar solution, and the tar quality C is measured by freeze drying the filtrate to remove watertarMeasuring the heat value Q of the fly ash by an oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the measured quality of the fly ash and the quality of the tarashAnd calorific value Q of tartar；
The gas holder 11 is provided with a scale to measure and calculate the gas production V in unit time under the standard state0Or estimating the corresponding gas output by a nitrogen balance method;
by mixing Gd、Qgas、QfuelAnd V0Substitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000071
(1) Calculating to obtain the cold gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacecold。
By mixing Gd、Qgas、Qfuel、V0、Cash、Ctar、QashAnd QtarSubstitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000072
(2) Calculating to obtain the hot gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacehot。
The distance meter 32 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1, and directly monitors the downward movement distance of the fuel to obtain the accurate fuel consumption GdThereby improving the accuracy of the cold gas gasification efficiency measurement; an absorption device 19 is arranged at the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point 18, a vacuum pump 20 is arranged at the gas outlet end of the absorption device 19, a gas meter 21 is arranged at the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump 20, the gas outlet end of the gas meter 21 is connected with a switching valve 23, one path of the switching valve 23 is connected with an oxygen analyzer 22, the other path of the gas outlet is also connected with a gas bag 25, a gas chromatograph 26 and an online gas analyzer 27, and after the filter residue and the filtrate obtained by the absorption device 19 are treated, the accurate fly ash quality tar quality, fly ash heat value and tar heat value are obtained, so that the accuracy of measuring the gasification efficiency of hot gas is improved.
On the basis of the large biomass fixed bed gasification system provided by the embodiment I, a group of operation working conditions are provided, the test gasification furnace is a fixed bed gasification furnace, the inner diameter of a hearth is 2.6m, the height of the hearth is 10m, the adopted raw material is wood chips, the dry basis low-grade calorific value is 19.5MJ/kg, the water content is 25%, and the received basis bulk density is 260kg/m3The air flow rate read and converted by the flow meter 15 is 800Nm3The material downward moving speed detected by the distance meter 32 is 0.412m/H, the feeding quantity is 568kg/H according to the volume and bulk density, a gas sample is collected by the air bag 25 and is sent to a gas chromatograph for analysis, and each component H of the fuel gas2、O2、N2、CO、CH4、CO2The measured average values within 4hr are respectively 11.14, 0.60, 51.34, 25.56, 2.07 and 9.29, the variation range is less than + -10%, and the lower calorific value is 5177kJ/Nm3The variation amplitude is less than +/-5 percent, and the gas yield measured by a scale of the gas holder 11 is 1255Nm3H (1.5h test value), and the corresponding gas yield can be estimated to be 1231Nm by a nitrogen balance method3H, but the accuracy of the gas holder 11 measurement is better than that of nitrogenThe accuracy of the equilibrium method is high, so that it is based on the gas yield measured by the cabinet 11. Determination of tar content in fuel gas 4.155g/Nm3H, fly ash content 1.4g/Nm3The calorific values of tar and fly ash were 36.3MJ/kg and 28.5MJ/kg, respectively. The cold gas gasification efficiency was calculated to be 78.2% and the hot gas gasification efficiency was calculated to be 81.1%.
Referring to the first example, a set of operating conditions is provided, using wood chips as the starting material, except that oxygen-enriched air and steam are used as the gasifying agent. Oxygen-enriched air (O) measured by the flow meter 152Content 37%) at a flow rate of 350Nm3The steam flow measured by the steam flow meter 28 was 20 kg/h. The downward moving speed of the material detected by the distance meter 32 is 0.239m/h, and G is converted by volume and bulk densitydAt 330kg/H, gas samples are collected by the gas bag 25 and sent to a gas chromatograph for analysis, and each component H2、O2、N2、CO、CH4、CO2The measured mean values in 2hr are respectively 33.22, 0.16, 12.52, 23.99, 3.74 and 26.36, the variation range is less than +/-10 percent, and Q isgasCalorific value of 7959kJ/Nm3The variation amplitude is less than +/-5 percent, and the corresponding V is estimated by a nitrogen balance method0A value of 543Nm3V, measured by the scale of the gas holder 110A value of 550Nm3H (2h test value). V measured by gas holder0The cold gas gasification efficiency was calculated to be 76.0% based on the value.
Example two
According to the illustration of fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a large biomass fixed bed gasification system, which includes a furnace body 1, a gas sampling point 18 installed on the furnace body 1, and a grate 3 installed at the lower end of the furnace body, a distance meter 32 is installed at the top of the furnace body 1, an absorption device 19 is installed at the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point 18, a vacuum pump 20 is installed at the gas outlet end of the absorption device 19, a gas meter 21 is installed at the gas outlet end of the vacuum pump 20, the gas outlet end of the gas meter 21 is connected with a switching valve 23, one path of the switching valve 23 is connected with an oxygen electrode 29 of the oxygen analyzer 22, the other path of the gas outlet is also connected with an air bag 25, a gas chromatograph 26, and an online gas analyzer 27, the gas outlet end of the gas sampling point 18 is connected with an induced draft fan.
According to the large biomass fixed bed gasification system provided in the second embodiment, the invention further provides a method for measuring the cold and hot gasification efficiency, which is applied to the large biomass fixed bed gasification system provided in the second embodiment,
pre-obtaining a dry-based low calorific value, a water content and a received base bulk density of the fuel; the distance meter 32 monitors the fuel downward movement distance, and calculates the fuel consumption G per unit timed(ii) a The lower calorific value, the water content, the bulk density of the received substrate and G of the dry substratedCalculating to obtain the lower heating value Q of the consumed fuelfuel；
The anemometer 34 acquires the total intake air amount; leading out a gas sample through a vacuum pump 20, controlling the air extraction amount to be 2-6L/min, enabling the gas sample to enter a gas meter 21 after passing through an absorption device 19, obtaining the volume of gas by the gas meter 21, obtaining the oxygen concentration by an oxygen analyzer 22, storing the gas sample by an air bag 25, obtaining the quality of each gas component in the gas sample by a gas chromatograph 26, obtaining the volume concentration of each gas component in the gas sample and the low calorific value Q of the gas by an online gas analyzer 27gas(ii) a Estimating the gas production V in unit time under corresponding standard state by nitrogen balance method0；
Filtering the absorption liquid by adopting medium-speed quantitative filter paper after sampling is finished to obtain filter residue and filtrate, wherein the obtained filter residue is fly ash, and the filter residue is dried at 105 ℃ to remove water to obtain the fly ash quality CashThe obtained filtrate is tar solution, and the tar quality C is measured by freeze drying the filtrate to remove watertarMeasuring the heat value Q of the fly ash by an oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the measured quality of the fly ash and the quality of the tarashAnd calorific value Q of tartar；
By mixing Gd、Qgas、QfuelAnd V0Substitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000101
(1) Calculating to obtain the cold gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacecold。
By mixing Gd、Qgas、Qfuel、V0、Cash、Ctar、QashAnd QtarSubstitution into
Figure BDA0002309361040000102
(2) Calculating to obtain the hot gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnaceh ot。
Under the condition that a gas cabinet 11 is not arranged at a measuring site, a main gas outlet end pipeline where a gas sampling point 18 is located is connected with an induced draft fan 31, the bottom of a furnace body 1 is connected with a centrifugal blower 30 to discharge gas, an anemoscope 34 is arranged between the furnace body 1 and the centrifugal blower 30, and total gas inflow is obtained through the anemoscope 34; estimation of the corresponding gas output V by means of the nitrogen equilibrium method0。
On the basis of the large biomass fixed bed gasification system provided by the second embodiment, a group of operation conditions are provided, the raw materials are wood block and herbaceous mixed raw materials, the dry basis low-grade calorific value is 18.2MJ/kg, the water content is 34 percent, and the received basis bulk density is 260kg/m3Air flow rate measured by the anemometer 34 is 880Nm3The material downward moving speed detected by the distance meter 32 is 0.571m/H, the feeding quantity is 788kg/H according to the volume and bulk density, and a gas sample is collected by the air bag interface 25 and sent to a gas chromatograph for analysis, wherein each component H2、N2、CO、CH4、CO2Measured in 1hr, mean values of 12.68, 20.93, 1.95, 9.83, 51.09, O2Content less than 1%, QgasCalorific value of 4901kJ/Nm3The nitrogen balance method estimates the corresponding gas yield to 1361Nm3H is used as the reference value. V determined by nitrogen equilibrium method0The cold gas efficiency was calculated to be 70.5% based on the value.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the large biomass fixed bed gasification system provided by the first embodiment and the second embodiment, preferably, the absorption device 19 is composed of at least 6 sampling bottles connected in series and is placed in an ice-water mixture, each sampling bottle contains 150mL of absorption liquid, the collected gas sample has high temperature, the temperature of the absorption liquid is easily and rapidly increased after passing through the absorption device 19, so that the absorption liquid is volatilized, the absorption liquid needs to be placed in a low-temperature environment to keep low-temperature property, and the plurality of sampling bottles connected in series ensure that fly ash and tar in the gas sample are fully extracted.
The feeding mechanism is installed at the feed inlet of the furnace body 1, and the feeding mechanism comprises a stock bin 6, a horizontal conveyor 7, a vertical elevator 8 and a spiral feeder 2, the horizontal conveyor 7 is installed below the stock bin 6, the vertical elevator 8 is installed at the tail end of the horizontal conveyor 7, the spiral feeder 2 is installed at the top of the vertical elevator 8, the tail end of the spiral feeder 2 is connected with the feed inlet of the furnace body 1, and because the height of a large biomass fixed bed gasification furnace is almost several meters high, the feeding mechanism is installed at the feed inlet of the furnace body 1, so that a large amount of biomass fuel can be conveniently fed into the furnace body 1.
The absorption liquid is all organic solvents which are easy to dissolve fly ash and tar, furthermore, the absorption liquid is analytically pure isopropanol, due to the chemical characteristics of the analytically pure isopropanol, the absorption liquid is used as a solvent to extract the fly ash and the tar in the gas sample, and the analytically pure isopropanol can be used for obtaining purer tar after freeze drying.
The upper portion of furnace body 1 is equipped with high-order charge level indicator 4, and the middle part of furnace body 1 is equipped with low level charge level indicator 5, and thermocouple 33 is installed along circumference to 3 upper portions not co-altitude of grate, and flowmeter 15 is the float flowmeter, and fan 14 and fan 17 are the roots's fan, and high-order charge level indicator 4 and low level charge level indicator 5 carry out real-time detection to the change of biomass fuel height in the furnace body 1, through predetermined high low level standard control feed mechanism, thermocouple 33 are used for the operating temperature in the control furnace body 1.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a large-scale living beings fixed bed gasification system, includes furnace body (1), installs gas sampling point (18) on furnace body (1) and install grate (3) of furnace body lower extreme, its characterized in that, distancer (32) are installed to the top of furnace body (1), gas sampling point (18) give vent to anger end installation absorbing device (19), absorbing device (19) give vent to anger end installation vacuum pump (20), the end installation gas meter (21) of giving vent to anger of vacuum pump (20), the end of giving vent to anger of gas meter (21) is connected with diverter valve (23), diverter valve (23) are connected with oxygen electrode (29) of oxygen analysis appearance (22) all the way, and another way gas outlet still is connected with air pocket (25), gas chromatograph (26) and online gas analysis appearance (27), the end of giving vent to anger of gas sampling point (18) is connected with gas clean system (9), fan (14) are connected to through flowmeter (15) the bottom of furnace body (1), fan (14) are connected with oxygenerator (12), another fan (17) through two flowmeter (15) of parallelly connected setting with the middle part of furnace body (1) is connected, the export of flowmeter (15) all is provided with valve (16), the bottom of furnace body (1) is passed through steam flowmeter (28) and is connected with steam boiler (13), gas clean system (9) are connected with gas holder (11) through fan (10).
2. The utility model provides a large-scale living beings fixed bed gasification system, includes furnace body (1), installs gas sampling point (18) on furnace body (1) and install grate (3) of furnace body lower extreme, its characterized in that, distancer (32) are installed to the top of furnace body (1), gas sampling point (18) give vent to anger end installation absorbing device (19), absorbing device (19) give vent to anger end installation vacuum pump (20), the end installation gas meter (21) of giving vent to anger of vacuum pump (20), the end of giving vent to anger of gas meter (21) is connected with diverter valve (23), diverter valve (23) are connected with oxygen electrode (29) of oxygen analysis appearance (22) all the way, and another way gas outlet still is connected with air pocket (25), gas chromatograph (26) and online gas analysis appearance (27), the end of giving vent to anger of gas sampling point (18) is connected with draught fan (31), the bottom of the furnace body (1) is connected with the centrifugal blower (30), and an anemoscope (34) is arranged between the furnace body (1) and the centrifugal blower (30).
3. A large biomass fixed bed gasification system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the absorption device (19) consists of at least 6 sampling bottles connected in series and placed in the ice-water mixture, and 150mL of absorption liquid is contained in each sampling bottle.
4. The large biomass fixed bed gasification system according to claim 3, wherein a feeding mechanism is installed at the feeding port of the furnace body (1), the feeding mechanism comprises a bin (6), a horizontal conveyor (7), a vertical elevator (8) and a spiral feeder (2), the horizontal conveyor (7) is installed below the bin (6), the vertical elevator (8) is installed at the tail end of the horizontal conveyor (7), the spiral feeder (2) is installed at the top of the vertical elevator (8), and the tail end of the spiral feeder (2) is connected with the feeding port of the furnace body (1).
5. A large biomass fixed bed gasification system according to claim 3, wherein the absorption liquid is analytically pure isopropanol.
6. A method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency, which is applied to a large biomass fixed bed gasification system according to claim 1,
pre-obtaining a dry-based low calorific value, a water content and a received base bulk density of the fuel; the distance meter (32) monitors the downward movement distance of the fuel, and the fuel consumption G in unit time is obtained through calculationd(ii) a The lower calorific value, the water content, the bulk density of the received substrate and G of the dry substratedCalculating to obtain the lower heating value Q of the consumed fuelfuel；
Four valve (16) keep opening entirely, acquire four flowmeter (15) total air input, gas appearance is drawn forth through vacuum pump (20), and the air exhaust volume control is at 2-6L/min, gas appearance passes through and gets into behind absorbing device (19) gas table (21), gas table (21) acquire the coal gas volume, oxygen analysis appearance (22) acquire oxygen concentration, air pocket (25) are preserved gas appearance, gas chromatograph (26) acquire the quality of each gas component in the gas appearance, online gas analysis appearance (27) acquire the volume concentration of each gas component and the low calorific capacity Q of gas in the gas appearancegas；
Filtering the absorption liquid by adopting medium-speed quantitative filter paper after sampling is finished to obtain filter residue and filtrate, wherein the obtained filter residue is fly ash, and the filter residue is dried at 105 ℃ to remove water to obtain the fly ash quality CashThe obtained filtrate is tar solution, and the tar quality C is measured by freeze drying the filtrate to remove watertarMeasuring the heat value Q of the fly ash by an oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the measured quality of the fly ash and the quality of the tarashAnd calorific value Q of tartar；
The gas holder (11) measures the gas production V in unit time under the standard state with a scale0Or estimating the corresponding gas output by a nitrogen balance method;
by mixing the Gd、Qgas、QfuelAnd V0Substitution into
Figure FDA0002309361030000031
Calculating to obtain the cold gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacecold；
By mixing the Gd、Qgas、Qfuel、V0、Cash、Ctar、QashAnd QtarSubstitution into
Figure FDA0002309361030000032
Calculating to obtain the hot gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacehot。
7. A method for measuring cold and hot gasification efficiency, which is applied to a large biomass fixed bed gasification system according to claim 2,
pre-obtaining a dry-based low calorific value, a water content and a received base bulk density of the fuel; the distance meter (32) monitors the downward movement distance of the fuel, and the fuel consumption G in unit time is obtained through calculationd(ii) a The lower calorific value, the water content, the bulk density of the received substrate and G of the dry substratedCalculating to obtain the lower heating value Q of the consumed fuelfuel；
The anemometer (34) acquires the total air inflow; the gas sample is led out through a vacuum pump (20), the air extraction amount is controlled to be 2-6L/min, the gas sample enters a gas meter (21) after passing through an absorption device (19), the gas meter (21) obtains the gas volume, an oxygen analyzer (22) obtains the oxygen concentration, an air bag (25) stores the gas sample, a gas chromatograph (26) obtains the quality of each gas component in the gas sample, and an online gas analyzer (27) obtains the volume concentration of each gas component in the gas sample and the low calorific value Q of gasgas(ii) a Estimating the gas production V in unit time under corresponding standard state by nitrogen balance method0；
Filtering the absorption liquid by adopting medium-speed quantitative filter paper after sampling is finished to obtain filter residue and filtrate, wherein the obtained filter residue is fly ash, and the filter residue is dried at 105 ℃ to remove water to obtain the fly ash quality CashThe obtained filtrate is tar solution, and the tar quality C is measured by freeze drying the filtrate to remove watertarMeasuring the heat value Q of the fly ash by an oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the measured quality of the fly ash and the quality of the tarashAnd calorific value Q of tartar；
By mixing the Gd、Qgas、QfuelAnd V0Substitution into
Figure FDA0002309361030000041
Calculating to obtain the cold gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacecold；
By mixing the Gd、Qgas、Qfuel、V0、Cash、Ctar、QashAnd QtarSubstitution into
Figure FDA0002309361030000042
Calculating to obtain the hot gas gasification efficiency eta of the gasification furnacehot。
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