CN111077051B - Test device and method for simulating hydraulic tunnel lining inner water extravasation under high inner water pressure - Google Patents
Test device and method for simulating hydraulic tunnel lining inner water extravasation under high inner water pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111077051B CN111077051B CN201910811296.8A CN201910811296A CN111077051B CN 111077051 B CN111077051 B CN 111077051B CN 201910811296 A CN201910811296 A CN 201910811296A CN 111077051 B CN111077051 B CN 111077051B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 206010015866 Extravasation Diseases 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000036251 extravasation Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention provides a test device for simulating the infiltration of inner water of a hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high inner water pressure, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering. The test device comprises a lining model test system, an internal water pressure loading system and a measuring system, wherein the lining model test system is used for placing different lining model samples and simulating the mechanical and seepage behaviors of the lining model samples under the action of high internal water pressure; the internal water pressure loading system is used for simulating the water filling loading process of the hydraulic tunnel; the measuring system is used for measuring deformation, cracking and permeability of the lining model in the test process. The second aspect of the invention provides a corresponding test method: the inner chamber pressure is regulated through the control valve and the pressure gauge, an automatic pressure valve is arranged on the outer chamber pressure oil pipe, the inner water pressure environment and the outer water pressure environment of different tunnel linings are simulated, and the deformation, cracking and permeability characteristics of a lining model are obtained by combining a laser displacement sensor, a high-definition digital camera and pressure and flow monitoring, so that the inner water and outer permeability behavior characteristics of the high-pressure tunnel lining are studied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating the infiltration of inner water of a hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high inner water pressure.
Background
Hydraulic tunnels are important buildings of hydropower stations, and reinforced concrete lining is largely adopted due to economy and relatively convenient construction. Under the action of high internal water pressure, the reinforced concrete lining can be inevitably cracked to form internal water extravasation, and when the cracking and the seepage develop to a certain extent, the normal use of the tunnel can be influenced, and even the engineering safety is threatened, so that the research on the problem of the internal water extravasation of the hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high internal water pressure has great engineering significance.
At present, the problems of the inner water and the outer water of the hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high inner water pressure are studied, and the main test methods are an indoor scale model test and an on-site pressurized water test. The on-site water pressure test mainly verifies whether hydraulic fracturing and high-pressure water seepage occur in the tunnel surrounding rock under the action of water pressure in the design, the test cost is high, the test period is long, and the measured data are generally discrete due to complex on-site conditions. The indoor scale model test generally adopts a loading mode of a steel hub or an air bag, cannot reflect the influences of the cracking and the internal water leakage of the reinforced concrete lining, is not consistent with the real working characteristics of the lining structure, and meanwhile, has the defects of long test period and difficult model manufacturing. At present, the research on the problem of the water extravasation in the lining of the hydraulic tunnel under the action of high internal water pressure is still insufficient, and a necessary test device and method are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a test device and a test method for simulating the internal water seepage and the external water seepage of a hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high internal water pressure, which are used for researching the hydraulic-hydraulic coupling characteristic and the internal water seepage and external water seepage behavior of the hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high internal water pressure and providing theoretical support for the design of the reinforced concrete lining of the hydraulic tunnel with a high water head.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a test apparatus and a test method according to the following embodiments.
According to one aspect of the invention, a test device for simulating the infiltration of inner water of a hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high inner water pressure is provided, and the test device comprises a lining model test system, an inner water pressure loading system and a measuring system. The lining model test system is used for placing different lining model samples and simulating the mechanical and seepage behaviors of the lining model samples under the action of high internal water pressure; the internal water pressure loading system is used for simulating the internal water pressure which is gradually increased in the water filling loading process of the hydraulic tunnel; the measuring system is used for measuring the deformation, cracking and permeability of the lining in the test process.
Specifically, the lining model test system comprises a base, a transparent hollow pressure vessel, a top plate, an exhaust valve, a screw rod and an external water injection pipe. The transparent hollow pressure vessel consists of an inner transparent cylinder body and an outer transparent cylinder body, the outer walls of the cylinder bodies are made of high-strength transparent organic glass, the transparent organic glass is placed on the base, and the concrete lining model is placed in the transparent hollow pressure vessel; the top plate is used for fixing a concrete lining model and is used as a top cover of the transparent hollow pressure vessel; the exhaust valve is arranged on the top plate and used for exhausting internal gas when the transparent hollow pressure container is filled with water; the screw is positioned outside the transparent hollow pressure container and used for fixing the top plate; the outer water injection pipe is connected to the top plate, and the water outlet extends into the transparent hollow pressure container and is used for filling the transparent hollow pressure container with water.
Specifically, the internal water pressure loading system comprises a high-pressure air tank, a high-pressure water tank, a pressure gauge, a control valve and a high-pressure hose. The high-pressure gas tank is connected to the high-pressure water tank through a pipeline and is used for providing pressure for the high-pressure water tank; the pressure gauge and the control valve are arranged on the pipeline and used for controlling the air pressure loading in the high-pressure water tank; the high-pressure hose is connected to the top of the pressure chamber from the bottom of the high-pressure water tank, and the tail end of the high-pressure hose stretches into the concrete lining model.
Specifically, the measuring system comprises an outer chamber high-pressure oil pipe, an automatic pressure valve, a pressure gauge, a water storage barrel, an outer laser displacement sensor, an inner laser displacement sensor, a data acquisition device, a computer and a high-definition digital camera. The outer-chamber high-pressure oil pipe is connected to the water storage barrel from the outside of the concrete lining model through the top plate, and the water storage barrel is used for collecting inner water oozed out after the concrete lining model is cracked; the pressure valve and the pressure gauge are arranged on the outer chamber high-pressure oil pipe and are used for separating inner water which is infiltrated outside the concrete lining model; the outer laser displacement sensor is arranged on the base, the inner laser displacement sensor stretches into the hollow part of the transparent hollow pressure container, and the inner laser displacement sensor and the outer laser displacement sensor are connected to the data acquisition device through data wires and transmit data to the computer, so that the strain of inner observation points and outer observation points of the concrete lining model under high inner water pressure can be observed and recorded; the high-definition digital camera is erected outside the lining model test system at the same height and is used for accurately observing and recording the external deformation of the concrete lining model.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a test method for investigating hydraulic coupling characteristics and internal water extravasation behaviour of hydraulic tunnel linings under different reinforced concrete lining designs, comprising the steps of:
step one, manufacturing a concrete lining model with corresponding size according to the test purpose, dividing cells outside the concrete by using an oil pen, placing the concrete lining model into a transparent hollow pressure container after the treatment is finished, covering a top plate and fixing, and extending an internal laser displacement sensor into the hollow part of the transparent hollow pressure container and fixing.
And secondly, filling water outside the concrete lining model in the transparent hollow pressure container, setting a pressure valve threshold value, and pressurizing by controlling an internal water pressure loading system to fill water inside the concrete lining. And starting the high-definition digital camera, the laser displacement sensor, the data acquisition unit and the computer, and electrifying all monitoring components to be ready.
And thirdly, controlling the high-pressure gas tank of the internal water pressure loading system to load the internal water pressure to the set internal water pressure through control valve adjustment and pressure gauge monitoring.
Step four, after the internal water pressure is loaded to a preset value, recording the reading of a pressure gauge on the high-pressure oil pipe of the outer chamber and the water collection quantity of the water storage barrel, and analyzing and calculating the external water pressure and the internal water seepage quantity; the data acquisition device and the computer record the internal and external deformation of the concrete lining model in real time, and draw a strain-load curve; and shooting the concrete lining model by the high-definition digital camera at regular intervals, and calculating and analyzing the whole and partial deformation of the concrete lining model in the test process by comparing the displacement of the pixel grid of the observation point in the shot high-definition photo.
Step five, calculating the permeability coefficient of the lining through the monitored inner chamber water pressure and outer chamber water pressure and inner water seepage flow; and calculating the average strain and the average crack width of the lining through the comparison result of the strain-load curve and the high-definition photo.
And step six, regulating and monitoring through a control valve and a pressure gauge, increasing the pressure of the inner chamber to the load level of the next stage, and repeating the steps four to five.
And step seven, arranging test results under different inner chamber water pressure levels to obtain the inner water extravasation behavior characteristics of the high-pressure tunnel lining under the action of different inner water pressures.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
placing the concrete lining sample in a transparent hollow pressure container, filling water into the inside and the outside of the lining, and pressurizing air in a water tank by a high-pressure air tank so as to pressurize the water in the lining, thereby providing high water pressure in the sample. High-pressure water enters the inside of the sample through the top of the concrete lining model sample, the concrete lining model sample is cracked under the action of high internal water pressure, internal water infiltration and external water infiltration occur, and the water pressure of the external chamber of the transparent hollow pressure container is increased by the seepage water. An automatic pressure valve is arranged on the outer chamber high-pressure oil pipe, and when the outer chamber pressure exceeds a preset pressure valve threshold value, water is automatically discharged for pressure relief, so that the outer chamber pressure is maintained at the preset pressure valve threshold value. And the behavior characteristics of the hydraulic tunnel lining on the infiltration of the inner water under high inner water pressure are studied through monitoring of different inner chamber pressures, outer chamber pressures, the infiltration flow of the inner water under the lining model, lining deformation and cracking.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. and placing the concrete lining model sample in a lining model test system for testing, so as to simulate the cracking and inner water extravasation behavior characteristics of different tunnel lining models under different inner chamber pressure and outer chamber pressure environments. The test device and the method remove a plurality of complex interference factors of field test, so that the test result has repeatability.
2. The lining model test system adopts a transparent pressure container, divides cells by means of a high-definition digital camera and an oily pen, compares the pixel point position change of the cells on the surface of the model in the test process, carries out non-contact strain test on a concrete lining model sample, can observe and record the strain of the concrete lining under different internal water pressures, and draws a strain-load relation curve by a computer after transmitting data to the computer through a data collector.
3. The pressure of the inner chamber is regulated through the control valve and the pressure gauge, and an automatic pressure valve is arranged on the pressure oil pipe of the outer chamber, so that the inner water pressure and the outer water pressure of the lining model can be accurately controlled, and the inner water pressure environment and the outer water pressure environment of different tunnel linings can be simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the steps of the test method of the device of the present invention
In the figure: 1 is a lining model, 2 is a base, 3a is an inner transparent cylinder, 3b is an outer transparent cylinder, 4 is a top plate, 5 is a screw, 6 is an exhaust valve, 7 is an outer water injection pipe, 8 is a high-pressure air tank, 9 is a high-pressure water tank, 10 is a pressure gauge, 11 is a control valve, 12 is an inner chamber high-pressure oil pipe, 13 is an outer chamber high-pressure oil pipe, 14 is a water storage barrel, 15 is a pressure gauge, 16 is an automatic pressure valve, 17 is a flowmeter, 18 is an inner laser displacement sensor, 19 is an outer laser displacement sensor, 20 is a data collector, 21 is a computer, and 22 is a high-definition digital camera.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail: the embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed implementation modes and specific operation processes are given. It should be noted that it is possible for those skilled in the art to make several variations and modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are also within the scope of the invention.
The method comprises the following steps:
the embodiment provides a test device for simulating the infiltration of inner water of a hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high inner water pressure, which comprises a lining model test system, an inner water pressure loading system and a measuring system which are connected in sequence. The lining model test system is used for simulating the lining internal water extravasation behavior of the hydraulic tunnel under the action of high internal water pressure; the internal water pressure loading system is used for simulating the internal water pressure which is gradually increased in the water filling loading process of the hydraulic tunnel; the external water pressure loading system is used for simulating external water pressure in surrounding rocks of the hydraulic tunnel; the measuring system is used for measuring the deformation, cracking and permeability of the lining in the test process.
Specifically, the lining model test system comprises a base 2, a transparent hollow pressure vessel 3, a top plate 4, a screw 5, an exhaust valve 6 and an external water injection pipe 7. The transparent hollow pressure vessel 3 consists of an inner transparent cylinder 3a and an outer transparent cylinder 3b, wherein the outer walls of the two transparent cylinders are made of high-strength transparent organic glass, the transparent organic glass is placed on the base 2, and the concrete lining model 1 is placed in the transparent hollow pressure vessel 3; the top plate 4 is used for fixing the concrete lining model 1 and is used as a top cover of the transparent hollow pressure vessel 3; the screw 5 is positioned outside the transparent hollow pressure vessel 3 and is used for fixing the top plate 4; the exhaust valve 6 is arranged on the top plate 4 and is used for exhausting internal gas when the transparent hollow pressure vessel 3 is filled with water; the outer water injection pipe 7 is connected to the top plate 4, and the water outlet extends into the transparent hollow pressure container 3 and is used for filling the transparent hollow pressure container 3 with water.
Specifically, the internal water pressure loading system comprises a high-pressure air tank 8, a high-pressure water tank 9, a pressure gauge 10, a control valve 11 and an internal chamber high-pressure oil pipe 12. Wherein the high-pressure gas tank 8 is connected to the high-pressure water tank 9 through a pipeline, and the high-pressure gas tank 8 is used for providing pressure for the high-pressure water tank 9; the pressure gauge 10 and the control valve 11 are arranged on the pipeline and used for controlling the air pressure loading in the high-pressure water tank 9; the high-pressure hose 12 is connected to the top of the top plate 4 from the bottom of the high-pressure water tank 9, and the tail end of the hose extends into the concrete lining model 1.
Specifically, the measuring system comprises an outer chamber high-pressure oil pipe 13, a water storage barrel 14, an automatic pressure valve 15, a pressure gauge 16, a flowmeter 17, an inner laser displacement sensor 18, an outer laser displacement sensor 19, a data collector 20, a computer 21 and a high-definition digital camera 22. Wherein the outer-chamber high-pressure oil pipe 13 is connected to the water storage bucket 14 from the outside of the concrete lining model through the top plate 4, and the water storage bucket 14 is used for collecting the inner water oozed out after the concrete lining model 1 is cracked; the automatic pressure valve 15, the pressure gauge 16 and the flowmeter 17 are arranged on the outer chamber high pressure oil pipe 13 and are used for separating the inner water which is infiltrated by the concrete lining model and measuring the infiltration flow and the pressure; the inner laser displacement sensor 18 extends into the hollow part of the transparent hollow pressure container 3, the outer laser displacement sensor 19 is arranged on the base 2, and the inner laser displacement sensor and the outer laser displacement sensor are connected to the data collector 20 through data wires and transmit data to the computer 21, so that the strain of the inner observation point and the outer observation point of the concrete lining model 1 under high inner water pressure is observed and recorded; the high-definition digital camera 22 is erected outside the lining model test system at the same height and is used for accurately observing and recording the external deformation of the concrete lining model.
The embodiment provides a test method for researching the hydraulic-force coupling characteristic and the inner water extravasation behavior of hydraulic tunnel lining under different reinforced concrete lining design schemes,
further, the test method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a concrete lining model 1 with corresponding size according to the test purpose, dividing cells on the surface of the concrete lining model 1 by using an oily pen, placing the concrete lining model 1 into a transparent hollow pressure container 3 after the treatment is finished, covering a top plate 4 and fixing, and extending an inner laser displacement sensor 18 into the hollow part of the transparent hollow pressure container 3 and fixing.
And secondly, filling water into the outside of the concrete lining model 1 in the transparent hollow pressure container 3, setting an automatic pressure valve 16 threshold value, and pressurizing by controlling an internal water pressure loading system to fill water into the inside of the concrete lining, so that the inside and the outside of the concrete lining are filled with water. The inner and outer laser displacement sensors 18, 19, the data collector 20, the calculator 21 and the high-definition digital camera 22 are started, so that all monitoring components are electrified and ready.
And thirdly, setting a preset internal water pressure through the computer 21, and controlling an internal water pressure loading system to load the internal water pressure of the concrete lining model 1 to a set value.
Step four, after the internal water pressure is loaded to a preset value, recording the collected water quantity of the water storage barrel 14 on the external high-pressure oil pipe 13, the reading of the pressure gauge 15 and the reading of the flowmeter 17; the data collector 20 and the computer 21 record the internal and external deformation of the concrete lining model 1 in real time and draw a strain-load curve; the high-definition digital camera 22 shoots the concrete lining model 1 at regular intervals, and calculates and analyzes the whole and partial deformation of the concrete lining model 1 in the test process by comparing the displacement of the pixel grid of the observation point in the shot high-definition photo.
Step five, calculating the permeability coefficient of the lining 1 through the internal water external water pressure and the external water seepage flow; and calculating the average strain and the average crack width of the lining through the comparison result of the strain-load curve and the high-definition photo.
Step six, regulating through a control valve 11 and monitoring through a pressure gauge 10, increasing the pressure in the inner chamber to the load level of the next stage, and repeating the steps four to five.
And step seven, arranging test results under different inner chamber water pressure levels to obtain the inner water extravasation behavior characteristics of the high-pressure tunnel lining under the action of different inner water pressures.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The test device for simulating the infiltration of the lining inner water of the hydraulic tunnel under the action of high inner water pressure is characterized by comprising a lining model test system, an inner water pressure loading system and a measuring system;
the lining model test system is used for simulating the lining internal water extravasation behavior of the hydraulic tunnel under the action of high internal water pressure; the lining model test system comprises a base, a top plate and a transparent hollow pressure container, wherein the transparent hollow pressure container is composed of an inner transparent cylinder body and an outer transparent cylinder body, the outer walls of the cylinder bodies are made of high-strength transparent organic glass and are placed on the base, a concrete lining model is placed in the transparent hollow pressure container, the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the outer wall of the concrete lining model form an outer chamber, the inner wall of the concrete lining model and the outer wall of the inner cylinder form an inner chamber, and the inner part of the inner cylinder is kept hollow;
the internal water pressure loading system is used for simulating the internal water pressure which is gradually increased in the water filling loading process of the hydraulic tunnel; the internal water pressure loading system comprises a high-pressure air tank, a high-pressure water tank, a pressure gauge, a regulating valve and a high-pressure hose; the high-pressure gas tank is connected to the high-pressure water tank through a pipeline and is used for providing pressure for the high-pressure water tank; the pressure gauge and the regulating valve are arranged on the pipeline and used for controlling the air pressure loading in the high-pressure water tank; the high-pressure hose is connected to the top of the pressure chamber from the bottom of the high-pressure water tank, and the tail end of the high-pressure hose stretches into the inner chamber of the concrete lining model;
the measuring system is used for measuring the deformation, cracking and permeability of the lining in the test process; the measuring system comprises a low-pressure hose, an automatic pressure valve, a pressure gauge, a water storage barrel, an outer laser displacement sensor, an inner laser displacement sensor, a data acquisition unit, a computer and a high-definition digital camera; the low-pressure hose is connected to the water storage barrel from the outer chamber through the top plate, and the water storage barrel is used for collecting inner water oozed out after the concrete lining model cracks; the pressure valve and the pressure gauge are arranged on the low-pressure hose and are used for separating internal water which is oozed out of the concrete lining model and controlling the internal chamber water pressure and the external chamber water pressure of the lining model; the outer laser displacement sensor is arranged on the base, the inner laser displacement sensor stretches into the hollow part of the transparent hollow pressure container, and the inner laser displacement sensor and the outer laser displacement sensor are connected to the data acquisition device through data wires and transmit data to the computer, so that the strain of inner observation points and outer observation points of the concrete lining model under high inner water pressure can be observed and recorded; the high-definition digital camera is erected outside the lining model test system at the same height and is used for accurately observing and recording the external deformation of the concrete lining model, comparing the pixel point position change of the unit grid on the surface of the model in the test process, transmitting data to a computer through the data acquisition device, and drawing a strain-load relation curve by the computer;
the working principle of the test device for simulating the infiltration of the hydraulic tunnel lining inner water under the action of high inner water pressure is as follows:
placing a concrete lining sample in a transparent hollow pressure container, filling water into the inside and the outside of the lining, and pressurizing air in a water tank by a high-pressure air tank so as to pressurize water in the lining, thereby providing high water pressure in the sample; high-pressure water enters the inside of the sample through the top of the concrete lining model sample, the concrete lining model sample is cracked under the action of high internal water pressure, internal water infiltration and external water infiltration occur, and the water pressure of the outer chamber of the transparent hollow pressure container is increased by seepage water; an automatic pressure valve is arranged on the outer chamber high-pressure oil pipe, and when the outer chamber pressure exceeds a preset pressure valve threshold value, water is automatically discharged for pressure relief, so that the outer chamber pressure is maintained at the preset pressure valve threshold value; and the behavior characteristics of the hydraulic tunnel lining on the infiltration of the inner water under high inner water pressure are studied through monitoring of different inner chamber pressures, outer chamber pressures, the infiltration flow of the inner water under the lining model, lining deformation and cracking.
2. The test device for simulating the infiltration of water in a hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high internal water pressure according to claim 1, wherein the lining model test system further comprises an exhaust valve, a screw and an external water injection pipe; the top plate is used for fixing the concrete lining model and is used as a top cover of the transparent hollow pressure container; the exhaust valve is arranged on the top plate and used for exhausting internal gas when the transparent hollow pressure container is filled with water; the screw is positioned outside the transparent hollow pressure container and used for fixing the top plate; the outer water injection pipe is connected to the top plate, and the water outlet extends into the transparent hollow pressure container and is used for filling the transparent hollow pressure container with water.
3. A test method corresponding to a test device for simulating the water extravasation in a hydraulic tunnel lining under the action of high internal water pressure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a concrete lining model with corresponding size according to the test purpose, dividing cells outside concrete by using an oily pen, placing the concrete lining model into a transparent hollow pressure container after the treatment is finished, wherein the transparent hollow pressure container is composed of an inner transparent cylinder body and an outer transparent cylinder body, an outer chamber is formed by the inner wall of an outer cylinder and the outer wall of the concrete lining model, an inner chamber is formed by the inner wall of the concrete lining model and the outer wall of the inner cylinder, the inner cylinder is hollow, a top plate is covered and fixed, and an inner laser displacement sensor extends into the hollow part of the transparent hollow pressure container and is fixed;
filling the outer chamber of the transparent hollow pressure container with water, setting a pressure valve threshold value, and pressurizing by controlling an internal water pressure loading system, wherein the internal water pressure loading system comprises a high-pressure gas tank, a high-pressure water tank, a pressure gauge, a regulating valve and a high-pressure hose; the high-pressure gas tank is connected to the high-pressure water tank through a pipeline and is used for providing pressure for the high-pressure water tank; the pressure gauge and the regulating valve are arranged on the pipeline and used for controlling the air pressure loading in the high-pressure water tank; the high-pressure hose is connected to the top of the pressure chamber from the bottom of the high-pressure water tank, and the tail end of the high-pressure hose stretches into the inner chamber of the concrete lining model, so that the inner chamber of the transparent hollow pressure container is filled with water; starting a high-definition digital camera, a laser displacement sensor, a data acquisition unit and a computer, wherein all monitoring components are electrified to be ready;
step three, regulating and monitoring by a control valve and controlling a high-pressure gas tank of the internal water pressure loading system to load internal water pressure to set internal water pressure;
step four, after the internal water pressure is loaded to a preset value, recording the reading of a pressure gauge on the high-pressure oil pipe of the outer chamber and the water collection quantity of the water storage barrel, and analyzing and calculating the external water pressure and the internal water seepage quantity; the data acquisition device and the computer record the internal and external deformation of the concrete lining model in real time, and draw a strain-load curve; shooting the concrete lining model by a high-definition digital camera at regular intervals, and calculating and analyzing the whole and partial deformation of the concrete lining model in the test process by comparing the displacement of the pixel grid of the observation point in the shot high-definition photo;
step five, calculating the permeability coefficient of the lining through the monitored inner chamber water pressure and outer chamber water pressure and inner water seepage flow; calculating the average strain and the average crack width of the lining through the comparison result of the strain-load curve and the high-definition photo;
step six, adjusting the pressure in the inner chamber to the next stage load level through a control valve and monitoring through a pressure gauge, and repeating the steps four to five;
and step seven, arranging test results under different inner chamber water pressure levels to obtain the inner water extravasation behavior characteristics of the high-pressure tunnel lining under the action of different inner water pressures.
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