CN111074146B - Low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mine and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mine and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111074146B CN111074146B CN201911267455.9A CN201911267455A CN111074146B CN 111074146 B CN111074146 B CN 111074146B CN 201911267455 A CN201911267455 A CN 201911267455A CN 111074146 B CN111074146 B CN 111074146B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines and a preparation method thereof, wherein the grinding ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.2-2.8%, C: 2.9-3.1%, Si: 0.6-0.8%, Mn: 0.8-1%, Cu: 0.06-0.12%, Mo: 0.04-0.06%, Zr: 0.03-0.05%, V: 0.01-0.02%, Ce: 0.01-0.02%, Nb: 0.005-0.015%, B: 0.005-0.015%, P: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and the balance of Fe. The grinding ball prepared by the invention has the advantages of excellent mechanical property, high wear resistance, low breakage rate and lower production cost, and meets the use requirements of the mine industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Grinding balls are the most common grinding media used for crushing materials in the industries of construction, mining, metallurgy, electric power and the like. According to preliminary statistics, the usage amount of the national grinding balls reaches 260-. In the mine industry, grinding balls are mainly applied to a dressing process and play a role in crushing and grinding ores, and because the consumption of the grinding balls is huge, the grinding balls have an important influence on the production cost of a mine enterprise. The low-chromium cast iron grinding ball is generally applied to the mine industry due to simple production process and low cost. However, the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball has the problems of low hardness and toughness, poor wear resistance and impact resistance, poor adaptability to high-stress impact, extrusion and grinding in the ore crushing process, high abrasion and high crushing rate, so that the ore grinding efficiency is reduced, and the requirement of high-efficiency production of enterprises is difficult to meet. Although the mechanical property of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball can be improved by adding the alloying element, the requirement on smelting and heat treatment processes is correspondingly improved due to the overhigh content of the alloying element, the difficulty of the processes is increased, and the cost is greatly increased due to the expensive alloying element generally; if the content of the alloying elements is too low, the desired performance index cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.2-2.8%, C: 2.9-3.1%, Si: 0.6-0.8%, Mn: 0.8-1%, Cu: 0.06-0.12%, Mo: 0.04-0.06%, Zr: 0.03-0.05%, V: 0.01-0.02%, Ce: 0.01-0.02%, Nb: 0.005-0.015%, B: 0.005-0.015%, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the grinding ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.65%, C: 3.05%, Si: 0.75%, Mn: 0.85%, Cu: 0.10%, Mo: 0.05%, Zr: 0.04%, V: 0.015%, Ce: 0.015%, Nb: 0.01%, B: 0.01%, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, and smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace to obtain molten iron;
s2, adding an inoculant into the molten iron obtained in the step S1 for inoculation, and then pouring to obtain a grinding ball blank;
s3, tempering the grinding ball blank body in the step 2 at high temperature of 820-890 ℃, quenching and cooling to 30-80 ℃, then tempering at low temperature of 200-230 ℃ for 1-2h, quenching and cooling to room temperature to obtain the grinding ball blank.
Preferably, in step S3, the high temperature tempering includes: firstly, carrying out heat preservation treatment at 830 ℃ of 820-; the temperature rising speed is 5-8 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the step S1, the melting temperature is 1460-1480 ℃.
Preferably, the inoculant is a 75-silicon iron inoculant; the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the molten iron.
Preferably, in the step S2, the inoculation method includes: and (3) putting the inoculant at the bottom of the iron ladle, and pouring molten iron for inoculation.
Preferably, in the step S3, the quenching cooling mode after the high-temperature tempering is water cooling, wherein the water temperature is 25-30 ℃; the quenching cooling mode after low-temperature tempering is air cooling.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the invention, a small amount of Cu, Mo, Zr, V, Ce, Nb and B alloying elements are added in the components of the grinding ball, and Cr can form M in a matrix in the chemical components of the grinding ball3The C-type eutectic carbide plays a role of a wear-resistant framework; nb, V and Zr can form dispersed carbide particles in the grinding ball matrix, and the dispersed carbide particles are used as nucleation to play a role in refining and strengthening crystal grains, so that the strength and toughness of the grinding ball are improved; mo can be dissolved in the eutectic carbide in a solid mode, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the eutectic carbide are improved; ce. Nb is matched, so that eutectic carbide formed in a matrix can be refined, segregation of Cr and Mo elements is reduced, granulation of the eutectic carbide is promoted, the morphology of the eutectic carbide is improved, and the mechanical strength of the grinding ball is improved; the combination of Cu and B can improve the hardenability of the grinding ball and the wear resistance of the matrix structure. The invention greatly improves the hardness and impact toughness of the low-chromium grinding ball by selecting proper alloying elements and proportion under the condition of adding a small amount of alloying elements, and has the advantages of low cost and simple processing technology.
In the heat treatment process of the grinding ball blank, the tempering temperature is too high, the treatment time is too long, crystal grains in a matrix can be coarsened, and the mechanical property of the material is reduced; too low tempering temperature, too short treatment time and M in the matrix3The carbide formed by the C-type eutectic carbide and the alloying elements has poor appearance, and the impact toughness of the material is influenced. The invention adopts a heat treatment process of stage heating type high-temperature tempering and low-temperature tempering, and controls the appropriate stage tempering temperature and tempering time to ensure that M is subjected to annealing treatment3The shapes of C-type eutectic carbide and carbides of different alloying elements such as Nb, V, Zr and the like are changed under high-temperature treatment, and blocks are formed in a matrixLike M3The C-type eutectic carbide and the granular and dispersion-distributed alloying element carbide have good shapes, and at the moment, massive eutectic carbide and dispersion-distributed carbide tissues are formed in the grinding ball matrix, so that the impact toughness and the wear resistance of the grinding ball are effectively improved.
By adjusting the proper alloying elements and proportion and matching with the proper heat treatment process, the prepared grinding ball has the advantages of excellent mechanical property, high wear resistance and low breakage rate under the condition of adding a small amount of alloying elements, the production cost is low, the preparation process is simple, and the use requirements of the mine industry can be met.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.2%, C: 2.9%, Si: 0.6%, Mn: 0.8%, Cu: 0.06%, Mo: 0.04%, Zr: 0.03%, V: 0.01%, Ce: 0.01%, Nb: 0.005%, B: 0.005%, P: 0.04%, S: 0.03 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, and smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace at 1460 ℃ to obtain molten iron;
s2, placing a 75 ferrosilicon inoculant which is 0.1 percent of the weight of the molten iron into the bottom of the iron ladle, flushing the molten iron in the step S1 for inoculation, and then pouring to obtain a grinding ball blank;
s3, carrying out high-temperature tempering on the grinding ball blank in the step 2, wherein the high-temperature tempering comprises the following specific steps: firstly, preserving heat at 820 ℃ for 15min, then heating to 845 ℃, preserving heat for 25min, finally heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 5min, wherein the heating speed is 5 ℃/min; after high-temperature tempering, firstly carrying out water-cooling quenching and cooling to 30 ℃, wherein the water temperature is 25 ℃; and tempering at 200 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by air cooling quenching to obtain the steel.
Example 2
A low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.8%, C: 3.1%, Si: 0.8%, Mn: 1%, Cu: 0.12%, Mo: 0.06%, Zr: 0.05%, V: 0.02%, Ce: 0.02%, Nb: 0.015%, B: 0.015%, P: 0.04%, S: 0.04% and the balance Fe.
The preparation method of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, and smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace at 1480 ℃ to obtain molten iron;
s2, placing a 75 ferrosilicon inoculant which is 0.2 percent of the weight of the molten iron into the bottom of the iron ladle, flushing the molten iron in the step S1 for inoculation, and then pouring to obtain a grinding ball blank;
s3, carrying out high-temperature tempering on the grinding ball blank in the step 2, wherein the high-temperature tempering comprises the following specific steps: firstly, preserving heat at 830 ℃ for 20min, then heating to 855 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, finally heating to 890 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, wherein the heating speed is 8 ℃/min; after high-temperature tempering, firstly carrying out water-cooling quenching and cooling to 80 ℃, wherein the water temperature is 30 ℃; and tempering at 230 ℃ for 2h, and cooling to room temperature by air cooling quenching to obtain the product.
Example 3
A low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.65%, C: 3.05%, Si: 0.75%, Mn: 0.85%, Cu: 0.10%, Mo: 0.05%, Zr: 0.04%, V: 0.015%, Ce: 0.015%, Nb: 0.01%, B: 0.01%, P: 0.03%, S: 0.03 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, and smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace at 1475 ℃ to obtain molten iron;
s2, placing a 75 ferrosilicon inoculant which is 0.15 percent of the weight of the molten iron into the bottom of the iron ladle, flushing the molten iron in the step S1 for inoculation, and then pouring to obtain a grinding ball blank;
s3, carrying out high-temperature tempering on the grinding ball blank in the step 2, wherein the high-temperature tempering comprises the following specific steps: firstly, carrying out heat preservation treatment at 825 deg.C for 18min, then heating to 850 deg.C, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 28min, finally heating to 885 deg.C, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 8min, wherein the heating rate is 6 deg.C/min; after high-temperature tempering, firstly carrying out water-cooling quenching and cooling to 60 ℃, wherein the water temperature is 28 ℃; and tempering at 220 ℃ for 1.5h, and cooling to room temperature by air cooling quenching to obtain the steel.
Example 4
A low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.65%, C: 3.05%, Si: 0.75%, Mn: 0.85%, Cu: 0.10%, Mo: 0.05%, Zr: 0.04%, V: 0.015%, Ce: 0.015%, Nb: 0.01%, B: 0.01%, P: 0.03%, S: 0.03 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, and smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace at 1475 ℃ to obtain molten iron;
s2, placing a 75 ferrosilicon inoculant which is 0.15 percent of the weight of the molten iron into the bottom of the iron ladle, flushing the molten iron in the step S1 for inoculation, and then pouring to obtain a grinding ball blank;
s3, tempering the grinding ball blank body in the step 2 at 885 ℃ for 54min, and then cooling to 60 ℃ by water cooling quenching, wherein the water temperature is 28 ℃; and tempering at 220 ℃ for 1.5h, and cooling to room temperature by air cooling quenching to obtain the steel.
Comparative example 1
A low-chromium cast iron grinding ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.65%, C: 3.05%, Si: 0.75%, Mn: 0.85%, P: 0.03%, S: 0.03 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, and smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace at 1475 ℃ to obtain molten iron;
s2, placing a 75 ferrosilicon inoculant which is 0.15 percent of the weight of the molten iron into the bottom of the iron ladle, flushing the molten iron in the step S1 for inoculation, and then pouring to obtain a grinding ball blank;
s3, carrying out high-temperature tempering on the grinding ball blank in the step 2, wherein the high-temperature tempering comprises the following specific steps: firstly, carrying out heat preservation treatment at 825 deg.C for 18min, then heating to 850 deg.C, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 28min, finally heating to 885 deg.C, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 8min, wherein the heating rate is 6 deg.C/min; after high-temperature tempering, firstly carrying out water-cooling quenching and cooling to 60 ℃, wherein the water temperature is 28 ℃; and tempering at 220 ℃ for 1.5h, and cooling to room temperature by air cooling quenching to obtain the steel.
The grinding balls prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 were subjected to a performance test in which an HR-150 Rockwell hardness tester was used for the surface hardness test and a JB-30 pendulum impact machine was used for the impact toughness test; by using
The grinding ball carries out wet grinding test on the copper ore, the running time of the wet grinding is 800h, and the breakage rate and the ball consumption are calculated. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 grinding ball Performance index
| Test index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 |
| Surface Hardness (HRC) | 57.1 | 59.5 | 58.2 | 57.6 | 47.3 |
| Impact toughness (J/cm)2) | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 4.1 |
| Percentage of breakage (%) | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.93 | 1.29 |
| Ball consumption (g/t ore) | 547 | 514 | 526 | 558 | 627 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the grinding ball of the invention has the advantages of high surface hardness and excellent impact toughness, and in the actual use of ore wet grinding, the grinding ball has low breakage rate and low ball consumption, can effectively improve the wear resistance, and has the effects of reducing the cost and improving the ore breaking efficiency.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.2-2.8%, C: 2.9-3.1%, Si: 0.6-0.8%, Mn: 0.8-1%, Cu: 0.06-0.12%, Mo: 0.04-0.06%, Zr: 0.03-0.05%, V: 0.01-0.02%, Ce: 0.01-0.02%, Nb: 0.005-0.015%, B: 0.005-0.015%, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the balance being Fe;
the preparation method of the low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for the mine comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, and smelting in a medium-frequency induction furnace to obtain molten iron;
s2, adding an inoculant into the molten iron obtained in the step S1 for inoculation, and then pouring to obtain a grinding ball blank;
s3, tempering the grinding ball blank body in the step S2 at 820-;
in step S3, the high temperature tempering includes: firstly, carrying out heat preservation treatment at 830 ℃ of 820-; the temperature rising speed is 5-8 ℃/min.
2. The low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines according to claim 1, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr: 2.65%, C: 3.05%, Si: 0.75%, Mn: 0.85%, Cu: 0.10%, Mo: 0.05%, Zr: 0.04%, V: 0.015%, Ce: 0.015%, Nb: 0.01%, B: 0.01%, P: less than or equal to 0.05%, S: less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of Fe.
3. The low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting temperature in step S1 is 1460-1480 ℃.
4. The low-chromium cast iron grinding ball for mines according to claim 1, wherein the inoculant is a 75-Si-Fe inoculant; the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the molten iron.
5. The mining low-chromium cast iron grinding ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the inoculation method comprises: and (3) putting the inoculant at the bottom of the iron ladle, and pouring molten iron for inoculation.
6. The mining low-chromium cast iron grinding ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the quenching cooling mode after high-temperature tempering is water cooling, wherein the water temperature is 25-30 ℃; the quenching cooling mode after low-temperature tempering is air cooling.
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| CN1054100A (en) * | 1991-03-10 | 1991-08-28 | 朴铁军 | The new high chromium cast iron manufacture method that is used for highly abrasive parts using |
| CN103266264A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-28 | 贵州省遵义市永力机电安装有限公司 | Multi-component alloy casting ball |
| CN103898399A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 松下·万宝(广州)压缩机有限公司 | Highly wearable material and preparation method and application thereof |
| WO2017139083A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Roman Radon | Hypereutectic white iron alloys comprising chromium, boron and nitrogen and articles made therefrom |
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| DE102006038670B4 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2010-12-09 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | High silicon steel material for the production of piston rings and cylinder liners |
| CN101413084B (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2010-12-29 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Silicon-chromium-boron alloy wear resistant ball and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104388811B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2017-02-22 | 天津迅铭科技发展股份有限公司 | Multi-element alloy cast iron grinding ball and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1054100A (en) * | 1991-03-10 | 1991-08-28 | 朴铁军 | The new high chromium cast iron manufacture method that is used for highly abrasive parts using |
| CN103266264A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-28 | 贵州省遵义市永力机电安装有限公司 | Multi-component alloy casting ball |
| CN103898399A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 松下·万宝(广州)压缩机有限公司 | Highly wearable material and preparation method and application thereof |
| WO2017139083A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Roman Radon | Hypereutectic white iron alloys comprising chromium, boron and nitrogen and articles made therefrom |
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