CN116904836A - Preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN116904836A CN116904836A CN202310959433.9A CN202310959433A CN116904836A CN 116904836 A CN116904836 A CN 116904836A CN 202310959433 A CN202310959433 A CN 202310959433A CN 116904836 A CN116904836 A CN 116904836A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, and belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant steel. The invention is highThe preparation method of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel comprises the steps of designing deformation and heat treatment processes, including smelting, casting, forging treatment, rolling, heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, tempering treatment, performing deformation induction precipitation on steel, refining original austenite grains, austenite transformation, tempering and toughening and the like, so that the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel can obtain high strength on the premise of not losing plasticity and toughness, and the impact toughness is 50-60J/cm 2 And the wear resistance is improved by more than twice compared with the commercial wear-resistant steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal wear-resistant steel, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
Background
Ore machinery is often subjected to severe service conditions, and materials often fail in advance due to insufficient wear resistance, resulting in serious economic losses and safety problems. High manganese steel has been the mainstream choice of lining materials in the past because high manganese steel produces work hardening under large impact to increase hardness, but it does not fully exert work hardening capacity under medium and low load impact conditions, and the lower initial hardness and yield strength lead to premature failure of the material. Meanwhile, the high manganese steel lining plate is easy to generate plastic deformation in the service process, so that the lining plate is meshed or deformed to stretch the fixing bolt. The currently used martensitic wear-resistant steel has good strength and hardness, meets the service condition of mining machinery, but the toughness of the martensitic steel is always a problem, and cracks still exist in the wear process, so that the development of the lining plate steel with high strength, high hardness and good plastic toughness has important significance.
The Chinese patent No. 115786665A discloses a method for preparing ultra-fine bainitic rail steel, which comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass: c:0.22 to 0.30, mn:1.0 to 1.8, al:0.4-1.0, si:1.5-Al, cr:0.8-1.3, mo+Ni: <0.6, v+nb+b:0.06-0.20, P <0.02, S <0.02, and the balance being Fe. Rail steels also face severe wear problems consistent with the performance requirements required for the lining plate. In order to improve the performance of the bainitic steel, the nanoscale vanadium carbonitride is separated out by utilizing multiple heat treatments. However, V and Nb are costly and, in addition, the amount of retained austenite in the bulk is large, which affects the hardness of the wear surface.
The invention patent CN114480806A discloses a manufacturing method of a thick TiC particle reinforced martensitic wear-resistant steel plate, which comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass: c:0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si:0.20 to 0.30 percent of Mn:0.50 to 1.00 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.0010 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, ti:0.30 to 0.80 percent of Mo:0.30 to 0.50 percent of Cr:0.50 to 1.00 percent, B:0.0008 to 0.002 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. Grain size is controlled through multi-pass rolling and micron-sized TiC precipitates, but excessive addition of Ti content inevitably leads to massive birth carbides, and a martensitic matrix is accompanied with low toughness, so that the service life and economic safety of the wear-resistant steel plate are seriously affected.
The Chinese patent No. CN101338399A discloses a carbide-free nano bainite wear-resistant steel plate and a production process thereof, wherein the chemical element components and the mass percentages thereof are as follows: c:0.15-0.25, mn:1.5-2, al:0.2-0.6, si:1.5-2, cr:0.6-1, mo:0.25-0.5, nb: 0.01-0.035% and the balance of Fe. Although a large amount of alloy elements are used for obtaining better performance, the economic cost is increased, the comprehensive performance is relatively poor in the alloy wear-resistant steel field, and the alloy cannot be applied to the wear environment with complex working conditions and high-strength stress.
The achievement of high strength and high toughness bainitic steels has been a recent research focus. The hardness and toughness are in competition, the problem can not be solved by the traditional process, and the performance of the bainitic steel is improved on the premise of not increasing the economic cost, so that the research is still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, which reduces economic cost by adding alloy component elements with lower mass fraction, improves a heat treatment process, obtains a wear-resistant lining plate with a small number of film-shaped residual austenite and bainite tissues, and obviously improves the wear resistance of the material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to the weight percentage of chemical components of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, and smelting and casting the raw materials into a casting blank; the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.3-0.33%, si:1.0-1.4%, mn:0.6-0.7%, cr:0.9-1.0%, P <0.007%, S <0.001%, ti:0.3-0.4%, ni:1.3-1.5%, mo:0.3-0.5%, B:0.001-0.002%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Heating and preserving heat of a casting blank for a period of time, then heating and preserving heat, then cooling, forging, and then air cooling to room temperature;
(3) Heating and preserving heat of the steel obtained in the step (2), cooling, performing first warm rolling, performing second warm rolling after finishing the rolling, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) heating the rolled steel, preserving heat for a period of time, air-cooling to room temperature, quenching to subzero, carrying out cryogenic heat preservation, heating again for a certain time, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials include pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, and scrap steel.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the casting temperature is 1480-1530 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the cast slab is heated to 600+ -20deg.C and kept at the temperature for 0.5h, and the heating rate is 30+ -20deg.C/min.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), the temperature is raised to 1150-1200 ℃ and kept for 1h.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the forging is started by cooling in the air to 950-1050 ℃ and the thickness of the steel is forged from 300+ -20 mm to 220+ -20 mm, and the final forging temperature is 830-930 ℃. The forging process may crush the bulk carbide and refine the grains.
In the step (3), the steel material obtained in the step (2) is heated to 860-920 ℃ and kept for 1h, and the heating rate is 30+/-20 ℃/min.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (3), the tapping is cooled to 700-750 ℃ to start the first warm rolling, and the thickness of the steel is rolled from 220+/-20 mm to 170+/-20 mm.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (3), the rolling is completed and the temperature is raised to 700-750 ℃ to start the second warm rolling, and the thickness of the steel is rolled from 170+/-20 mm to 120+/-20 mm.
According to the invention, through a twice rolling process, micron-sized precipitated phases close to nano-sized precipitated phases are precipitated in the steel, crystal grains are further refined, and the fine-grain strengthening is matched with the pricked eutectic carbide, so that the strength and hardness of the matrix are strengthened on the premise of not sacrificing plasticity and toughness.
In the step (4), the rolled steel is heated to 820-900 ℃ at a speed of 30+/-20 ℃/min, and is kept for 1h, and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain the bainite matrix.
In the step (4), the liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar is used for rapid quenching after air cooling to room temperature, the liquid nitrogen is cooled to the temperature of-80 to-60 ℃ for deep cooling and heat preservation for 1h, then the liquid nitrogen is heated to 300-350 ℃ for heat preservation for 1h again, and the liquid nitrogen is cooled to the room temperature.
In the heat treatment process of the step (4), the transformation of large austenite to martensite at low temperature ensures that the steel obtains high hardness, and a small amount of thin film residual austenite ensures partial work hardening capacity during strain. Subsequent tempering also provides some assurance that high toughness is obtained.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the cast steel is heated to the forging temperature, the massive carbide is firstly forged and crushed to avoid the massive carbide from deteriorating the toughness of the material, and then the prior austenite grains are refined in the forging process. And broken carbide can pin grain boundaries, so that the migration of the grain boundaries in the deformation process is avoided. During the subsequent rolling process, the grains are further refined, and the process can deform to induce precipitation of fine carbides, generate multi-scale strengthening effect on the matrix together with broken micron-sized eutectic carbides, and inhibit the growth of the grains which return to recrystallization. Air cooling in the heat treatment process ensures that the main phase of the material is a bainitic structure, and the prior austenite grains can be cut by the bainite formed first, so that the austenite form is controlled. In the subsequent cryogenic process, the bulk retained austenite is transformed into martensite due to poor stability, and only a part of the film-like retained austenite with high stability exists after the cryogenic process is finished. The tempering process after the deep cooling treatment is finished obtains a tempered martensite structure, and low toughness caused by excessive hardness is avoided. In addition, martensite and bainite matrixes have larger back stress, and good back stress reinforcement can be provided for the material in the deformation process. Under the process, the obtained bainite/martensite structure has high hardness, high strength and high toughness, thereby improving the wear resistance of the material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: on one hand, the invention obviously reduces the production cost of the bainite abrasion-resistant steel with high hardness and high toughness through chemical components with low alloy content and without adding noble metal and other high-valence alloy elements. On the other hand, the preparation process is optimized, and the forging process, the rolling process, the cryogenic treatment and the tempering treatment are combined; firstly, refining carbide particles by forging; secondly, separating out a small-size carbide and a carbide multi-scale strengthening matrix in a forging process through a rolling process, finally ensuring that only martensite, bainite and a small amount of retained austenite with high stability exist in the steel matrix through cryogenic treatment and tempering treatment, and finally obtaining the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel with higher hardness and toughness and excellent wear resistance, wherein the wear resistance of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel is improved by nearly 2 times compared with that of commercial wear-resistant steel under the same wear condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure of the high hardness and high toughness bainitic wear resistant steel of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a wear comparison of the high hardness high toughness bainitic wear resistant steel and commercial wear resistant steel described in example 1, wherein (a) is a wear graph of the commercial wear resistant steel and (b) is a wear graph of the high hardness high toughness bainitic wear resistant steel.
Detailed Description
For a better description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
The method for preparing the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentages of the components (0.31% of C, 1.2% of Si, 0.61% of Mn, 0.97% of Cr, 0.3% of Ti, 1.3% of Ni, 0.35% of Mo, 0.001% of B and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities) of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel, raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, scrap steel and the like are calculated and weighed, the melting time of the raw materials with larger volume is prolonged, and the raw materials with larger volume are crushed into particles with the diameter of not more than 5 mm.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the raw material is heated to 1420 ℃, analyzing chemical components, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization;
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1480 ℃, covering a riser after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Forging: heating the casting blank to 600 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 1180 ℃ for homogenizing, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 980 ℃, forging the thickness of the lining plate from 300mm to 220mm, controlling the final forging temperature to 880 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Rolling: the forged steel plate is heated to 870 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, kept for 1h, discharged and cooled to 730 ℃ to start rolling for the first time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 220mm to 170mm, the temperature is raised to 730 ℃ again to start rolling for the second time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 170mm to 120mm, and the steel plate is cooled to room temperature in an air mode.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: heating to 850 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a bainite matrix, rapidly quenching by using liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar, cooling to the environment of-80 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h in a deep cooling mode, heating to 330 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
The bainite/martensite complex phase structure of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel shown in figure 1 is observed, and as can be seen from figure 1, the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel mainly consists of bainite and martensite complex phase structures, the bainite and martensite structures mainly are lath-shaped high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, the surface hardness of the lath-shaped high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel reaches 51HRC, and the impact toughness is 58J/cm 2 As can be seen from fig. 3, the wear resistance of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by 2.3 times as compared with that of the commercial wear-resistant steel.
Example 2
The method for preparing the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentage of the components of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel (0.33% of C, 1.0% of Si, 0.67% of Mn, 1.0% of Cr, 0.35% of Ti, 1.4% of Ni, 0.38% of Mo, 0.001% of B and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities), raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, scrap steel and the like are calculated and weighed, and the raw materials with larger volume are crushed into smaller particles.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the temperature is 1400 ℃ for chemical component analysis, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization;
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1510 ℃, covering a riser with a heat preservation agent after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Forging: heating the casting blank to 580 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 1150 ℃ for homogenizing, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 1000 ℃ and forging, forging the thickness of the lining plate from 300mm to 230mm, controlling the final forging temperature to 920 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Rolling: the forged steel plate is heated to 880 ℃ at 15 ℃/min, kept for 1h, discharged and cooled to 720 ℃ to start rolling for the first time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 230mm to 160mm, the temperature is raised to 720 ℃ again to start rolling for the second time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 160mm to 110mm, and the steel plate is cooled to room temperature in an air way.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: heating to 860 ℃ at 30 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a bainite matrix, rapidly quenching by using liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar, cooling to the environment of-70 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h in a deep cooling mode, heating to 350 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
When the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel is observed, the surface hardness of the bainite and martensite mainly lath-shaped high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel reaches 53HRC, and the impact toughness is 55J/cm 2 The wear resistance of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by 2 times compared with that of commercial wear-resistant steel.
Example 3
The method for preparing the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentage of the components of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel (0.33% of C, 1.4% of Si, 0.64% of Mn, 0.9% of Cr, 0.3% of Ti, 1.47% of Ni, 0.35% of Mo, 0.001% of B and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities), raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, scrap steel and the like are calculated and weighed, and the raw materials with larger volume are crushed into smaller particles.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the raw material is heated to 1450 ℃, analyzing chemical components, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization;
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1530 ℃, covering a riser with a heat preservation agent after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Forging: heating the casting blank to 610 ℃ at 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 1200 ℃ for homogenizing, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 950 ℃ and forging, forging the thickness of the lining plate from 320mm to 220mm, controlling the final forging temperature to 870 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Rolling: heating the forged steel plate to 890 ℃ at 35 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 750 ℃ and starting to roll for the first time, rolling the thickness of the lining plate from 220mm to 150mm, heating to 750 ℃ again and starting to roll for the second time, rolling the thickness of the lining plate from 150mm to 100mm, and air cooling to room temperature.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: heating to 860 ℃ at 10 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 1h, air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a bainite matrix, rapidly quenching by using liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar, cooling to the environment of minus 60 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h in a deep cooling mode, heating to 320 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
Observing a sample obtained after heat treatment of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, wherein the surface hardness of the bainite and martensite mainly lath-shaped high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel reaches 57HRC, and the impact toughness is 50J/cm 2 The wear resistance of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by 2.7 times compared with that of commercial wear-resistant steel.
Example 4
The method for preparing the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentage of the components of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel (0.32% of C, 1.3% of Si, 0.7% of Mn, 0.95% of Cr, 0.4% of Ti, 1.5% of Ni, 0.5% of Mo, 0.002% of B and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities), raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, scrap steel and the like are calculated and weighed, and the raw materials with larger volume are crushed into smaller particles.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the raw material is heated to 1420 ℃, analyzing chemical components, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization;
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1530 ℃, covering a riser with a heat preservation agent after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Forging: heating the casting blank to 620 ℃ at 50 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 1180 ℃ for homogenizing, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 1050 ℃, forging the thickness of the lining plate from 280mm to 240mm, controlling the final forging temperature to 830 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Rolling: the forged steel plate is heated to 920 ℃ at 50 ℃/min, kept for 1h, discharged and cooled to 700 ℃ to start rolling for the first time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 200mm to 190mm, the temperature is raised to 700 ℃ again to start rolling for the second time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 190mm to 100mm, and the steel plate is cooled to room temperature in an air mode.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: heating to 900 ℃ at 50 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a bainite matrix, rapidly quenching by using liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar, cooling to the environment of-80 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h in a deep cooling mode, heating to 300 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
Observing a sample obtained after heat treatment of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, wherein the surface hardness of the bainite and martensite mainly lath-shaped high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel reaches 54HRC, and the impact toughness is 49J/cm 2 The wear resistance of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by 2.9 times compared with that of commercial wear-resistant steel.
Comparative example 1
A method of wear resistant steel, comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentage of the components (C: 0.31%, si:1.2%, mn:0.61%, cr:0.97%, ti:0.3%, ni:1.3%, mo:0.35%, B:0.001%, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities) of the high-hardness and high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome and scrap steel are calculated and weighed, and the raw materials with larger volume are crushed into smaller particles.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the raw material is heated to 1420 ℃, analyzing chemical components, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization;
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1480 ℃, covering a riser after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Heating the casting blank to 860 ℃, then putting the casting blank into quenching liquid such as salts and the like for direct cooling, carrying out isothermal treatment at 330 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in air to obtain the wear-resistant steel.
The wear-resistant steel is subjected to color metallographic structure observation and performance test, the wear-resistant steel forms bainite and martensite structures, but pearlite structures exist in the wear-resistant steel, the surface hardness of the wear-resistant steel is 36HRC, and the impact toughness of the wear-resistant steel is 27J/cm 2 The wear resistance of the wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by nearly 1.1 times compared with that of the commercial wear-resistant steel.
Comparative example 2
The method for preparing the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentage of the components (C: 0.31%, si:1.2%, mn:0.61%, cr:0.97%, ti:0.3%, ni:1.3%, mo:0.35%, B:0.001%, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities) of the high-hardness and high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, scrap steel and the like are calculated and weighed, and the raw materials with larger volume are crushed into smaller particles.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the raw material is heated to 1420 ℃, analyzing chemical components, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization.
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1480 ℃, covering a riser after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Forging: heating the casting blank to 600 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 1180 ℃ for homogenizing, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 980 ℃, forging the thickness of the lining plate from 300mm to 220mm, controlling the final forging temperature to 880 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Rolling: the forged steel plate is heated to 870 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, kept for 1h, discharged and cooled to 730 ℃ to start rolling for the first time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 220mm to 170mm, the temperature is raised to 730 ℃ again to start rolling for the second time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 170mm to 120mm, and the steel plate is cooled to room temperature in an air mode.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: heating to 850 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, then placing into a 330 ℃ salt bath, preserving heat for 1h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the bainite wear-resistant steel.
The test piece was observed to have bainite and retained austenite as main phases, a surface hardness of only 31HRC, and an impact toughness of 41J/cm 2 The wear resistance of the bainite wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by 1.5 times compared with that of the commercial wear-resistant steel.
Comparative example 3
The method for preparing the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentage of the components (C: 0.31%, si:1.2%, mn:0.61%, cr:0.97%, ti:0.3%, ni:1.3%, mo:0.35%, B:0.001%, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities) of the high-hardness and high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, scrap steel and the like are calculated and weighed, and the raw materials with larger volume are crushed into smaller particles.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the raw material is heated to 1420 ℃, analyzing chemical components, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization.
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1480 ℃, covering a riser after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Rolling: heating the casting blank to 870 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 730 ℃ and starting to roll for the first time, rolling the thickness of the lining plate from 220mm to 170mm, heating to 730 ℃ again and starting to roll for the second time, rolling the thickness of the lining plate from 170mm to 120mm, and air cooling to room temperature.
(5) And (3) heat treatment: heating to 850 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a bainite matrix, rapidly quenching by using liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar, cooling to the environment of-80 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h in a deep cooling mode, heating to 330 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
The samples were observed to have a main phase of bainite and martensite structure, but the presence of large size primary carbides severely affected toughness, surface hardness up to 47HRC, impact toughness of 22J/cm 2 The wear resistance of the bainite wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by 1.3 times compared with that of the commercial wear-resistant steel.
Comparative example 4
A method of wear resistant steel, comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) batching: according to the weight percentages of the components (C: 0.35%, si:1.18%, mn:1.35%, cr:1.08%, ni:1.14%, al:1.05%, nb:0.4%, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities) of the wear-resistant steel, raw materials such as pig iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome and scrap steel are calculated and weighed, and the raw materials with larger volumes are crushed into smaller particles.
(2) Smelting: smelting by adopting an intermediate frequency induction furnace with an acid furnace lining, adding the prepared raw material into the furnace, sampling when the raw material is heated to 1420 ℃, analyzing chemical components, reasonably regulating and controlling each chemical component within a specified range, and then adding pure aluminum for deoxidization.
(3) Pouring: and (3) adopting sand casting, discharging the molten metal in the step (3) from the furnace, filling the molten metal into a casting ladle, casting at 1480 ℃, covering a riser after casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a casting blank.
(4) Forging: heating the casting blank to 600 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, then heating to 1180 ℃ for homogenizing, preserving heat for 1h, discharging, cooling to 980 ℃, forging the thickness of the lining plate from 300mm to 220mm, controlling the final forging temperature to 880 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Rolling: the forged steel plate is heated to 870 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, kept for 1h, discharged and cooled to 730 ℃ to start rolling for the first time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 220mm to 170mm, the temperature is raised to 730 ℃ again to start rolling for the second time, the thickness of the lining plate is rolled from 170mm to 120mm, and the steel plate is cooled to room temperature in an air mode.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: heating to 850 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a bainite matrix, rapidly quenching by using liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar, cooling to the environment of-80 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h in a deep cooling mode, heating to 330 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
Observing a sample obtained after heat treatment of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, wherein the main phases of bainite and martensite structures are the same, large primary carbides are forged into pieces, the surface hardness of the bainite wear-resistant steel reaches 44HRC, and the impact toughness is 41J/cm 2 The wear resistance of the bainite wear-resistant steel under the same impact wear condition is improved by 1.6 times compared with that of the commercial wear-resistant steel.
TABLE 1
| Case (B) | Hardness (HRC) | Toughness (J/m) 2 ) |
| Example 1 | 51 | 58 |
| Example 2 | 53 | 55 |
| Example 3 | 57 | 50 |
| Example 4 | 54 | 49 |
| Comparative example 1 | 36 | 27 |
| Comparative example 2 | 31 | 41 |
| Comparative example 3 | 47 | 22 |
| Comparative example 4 | 44 | 41 |
From examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1, it can be seen that the high hardness and high toughness bainitic wear resistant steel treated by the present invention can obtain higher hardness and toughness and more excellent wear resistance due to the combined action of multi-scale strengthening and fine grain strengthening of the precipitated phases under the large plastic deformation of the present invention by the conventional quenching and isothermal heat treatment method of comparative example 1. The residual austenite is transformed into martensite in the subsequent deep cooling treatment, so that the surface hardness is further improved, and the toughness of the material is improved in the subsequent tempering treatment. The method of the invention can obtain ideal complex phase structure, and has obvious advantages for improving hardness and toughness and improving wear resistance.
According to example 1 and comparative example 2, the hardness and toughness of the wear resistant steel prepared in comparative example 2 are both inferior because the sample of comparative example 2, which has not undergone the cryogenic treatment, retains more retained austenite, and although the retained austenite has the ability to raise the surface hardness to martensitic transformation, the initial hardness is lower, resulting in a lower overall hardness of the sample.
According to example 1 and comparative example 3, the hardness and toughness of the wear-resistant steel prepared in comparative example 3 are inferior because the deformation amount of comparative example 3 is insufficient, the primary large TiC cannot be crushed, and the large carbide easily forms stress concentration cracks especially near sharp corners thereof, resulting in rapid deterioration of toughness of the material, thereby exhibiting poor wear resistance.
According to example 1 and comparative example 4, the hardness and toughness of the wear-resistant steel prepared in comparative example 4 are both poor, because comparative example 4 changes the original TiC precipitation phase into NbC, but does not change the performance of the bainite wear-resistant steel to a great extent, and the market price of Nb is 6 times of that of Ti, so that the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel has stronger wear resistance and more economical efficiency.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to the weight percentage of chemical components of the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel, and smelting and casting the raw materials into a casting blank; the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.3-0.33%, si:1.0-1.4%, mn:0.6-0.7%, cr:0.9-1.0%, P <0.007%, S <0.001%, ti:0.3-0.4%, ni:1.3-1.5%, mo:0.3-0.5%, B:0.001-0.002%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Heating and preserving heat of a casting blank for a period of time, then heating and preserving heat, then cooling, forging, and then air cooling to room temperature;
(3) Heating and preserving heat of the steel obtained in the step (2), cooling, performing first warm rolling, performing second warm rolling after finishing the rolling, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) heating the rolled steel, preserving heat for a period of time, air-cooling to room temperature, quenching to subzero, carrying out cryogenic heat preservation, heating again for a certain time, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel.
2. The method for preparing high hardness and high toughness bainitic wear resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein the casting temperature is 1480-1530 ℃.
3. The method for preparing high-hardness and high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a casting blank is heated to 600+/-20 ℃ and is kept for 0.5h, and the heating rate is 30+/-20 ℃/min.
4. The method for preparing high-hardness and high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature is raised to 1150-1200 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 1h.
5. The method for producing a high hardness and high toughness bainitic wear resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the forging is started by cooling in air to 950-1050 ℃ and the thickness of the steel is forged from 300+ -20 mm to 220+ -20 mm, and the final forging temperature is 830-930 ℃.
6. The method for preparing high-hardness and high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the steel obtained in the step (2) is heated to 860-920 ℃ and is kept for 1h, and the heating rate is 30+/-20 ℃/min.
7. The method for preparing high-hardness and high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), tapping and cooling to 700-750 ℃ and starting warm rolling for the first time, wherein the thickness of the steel is rolled from 220+/-20 mm to 170+/-20 mm.
8. The method for preparing high-hardness and high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the rolling is completed, the temperature is raised to 700-750 ℃ and the second warm rolling is started, and the thickness of the steel is rolled from 170+/-20 mm to 120+/-20 mm.
9. The method for preparing high-hardness and high-toughness bainite abrasion-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the rolled steel is heated to 820-900 ℃ at a speed of 30+/-20 ℃/min, heat is preserved for 1h, and the bainite substrate is obtained by air cooling to room temperature.
10. The method for preparing the high-hardness and high-toughness bainite wear-resistant steel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (4), quenching is carried out by using liquid nitrogen with the pressure of 5bar, cooling to-80 to-60 ℃, cryogenic heat preservation is carried out for 1h, then reheating to 300-350 ℃ heat preservation is carried out for 1h, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
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