CN103898399A - Highly wearable material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Highly wearable material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a highly wearable material and a preparation method and an application thereof. The highly wearable material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 2.90-3.60% of C, 1.80-3.0% of Si, 0.40-1.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.15% of S, 0.05-0.45% of P, 0.01-0.20% of B, less than or equal to 1.0% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.06% of Sn, less than or equal to 0.03% of Sb and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: melting; inoculating; re-inoculating; casting to form a piston blank; coarsely machining; thermally treating; finely machining and the like. The material can be applied to manufacturing a piston, a slide block or a crankshaft and the like of a rotary compressor. The piston, the slide block and the crankshaft manufactured by the material are low in cost, and the manufacturing cost is low and the material is highly wearable. For example, after long-term operation of the piston of the compressor, the working faces of the piston are free from remarkable wear and radial leakage of a refrigerant along a first end contact face of the piston-slide block is reduced, so that the performance safety and the reliability of the compressor are improved, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost is lowered and the material selecting range of the piston for the rotary compressor is expanded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to compressor Material Field, particularly a kind of high abrasion resisting material and manufacture method thereof and application.
Background technology
Rotary compressor, because its efficiency is high, volume is little and lightweight feature, is widely used.The pump housing of existing rotary compressor is generally made up of slide block 1, spring 2, piston 3, cylinder 4, bent axle 5 and metal (upper, as shown in Figure 1.As the important component-piston 3 of compressor pump, under the drive of bent axle 5, carry out high speed eccentric rotary, simultaneously, under the impellent of spring 2, the first end face of slide block 1 fits tightly formation friction pair with piston 3 outer circumference surfaces of high speed eccentric rotary all the time, and this friction pair is line contact, and contact surface is pressed high, and this friction pair is the critical lubricating status in few oil for a long time, cause its contact site very easily to wear and tear.Therefore,, for choosing of piston material, need it to there is high rigidity, high-wear resistance and good toughness.
At present, the high wear-resistant piston material that rotary compressor uses is mainly that the CrNiMo of high P content is alloy gray cast-iron and metallic sintered products (composition is that CrMo steel alloy is suitable), and it exists following problem:
1. the use of a large amount of noble alloy elements, causes its material cost high;
2. adding in a large number of alloying element, needs higher thermal treatment temp, and manufacturing cost is high;
3. alloying element increases the retained austenite quantity after quenching, dimensional stability poor (conventionally need to increase deepfreeze operation);
4. take the iron phosphide eutectic of single, high-content as main wear-resisting phase, cause fragility to strengthen, crackle risk is high.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming shortcoming of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of high abrasion resisting material, the cost of material is low for it, high abrasion resistance
Another object of the present invention is to provide the manufacture method of above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material, and it is cheap for manufacturing cost.
A further object of the invention is that above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material is applied to rotary compressor with on piston.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of high abrasion resisting material, is characterized in that: count by weight percentage, formula contains following chemical composition:
C:2.90～3.60%; Si:1.80～3.0%; Mn:0.40～1.00%; S :≤0.15%; P:0.05～0.45%; B:0.01～0.20%; Cu :≤1.0%; Sn :≤0.06%; Sb :≤0.03%; Fe and inevitably impurity.
Described formula also contains one or more mixing in Cr, Ni, Mo, wherein: Cr :≤1.0%; Mo :≤1.0%; Ni :≤3.0%.
A manufacture method for high abrasion resisting material, is characterized in that comprising following sequential steps:
(1) melting: press mentioned component proportioning and mix, carry out cast iron melting 1450 ℃～1600 ℃ temperature ranges;
(2) inoculation: molten iron is injected in holding furnace, inject and use nucleating agent to carry out current-following inoculation simultaneously;
(3) late inoculation processing: molten iron is injected to casting ladle by holding furnace, put into nucleating agent in casting ladle bottom when injection, carry out late inoculation processing, keep molten iron pouring temperature at 1300 ℃～1540 ℃;
(4) casting forms blank.
After described step (4), be also provided with step (5) thermal treatment: carry out successively quenching and tempering processing.
Nucleating agent in described step (2), step (3) is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.
Quenching in described step (5), furnace temperature is at 800 ℃～900 ℃, and carbon potential remains on 0.3%～1.2%, and soaking time is 40min～90min.
Tempering in described step (5), furnace temperature, at 160 ℃～300 ℃, is incubated 60min～120min.
In described step (5), after quenching, before tempering, the workpiece after quenching is carried out to-40 ℃ of following sub-zero treatments, soaking time is 30min～60min.
Piston, slide block or the bent axle for rotary compressor that are made by above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material
Include the rotary compressor of above-mentioned piston, slide block or bent axle.
Material cost of the present invention is low, make the collocation of alloying element more reasonable by micro-alloying technology, reduce the consumption to noble alloy element, and there is high-wearing feature, P eutectic microhardness is Hv700～800, and the microhardness of carbide containing boron can reach between Hv900～1300, and simultaneously B adds and reduced the dependence of material wear ability to single iron phosphide eutectic, the more disperse that distributes of B, P mixing hard phase is even, and matrix strength is high; Cheap for manufacturing cost, can use lower quenching, tempering temperature, and under the condition that does not increase cold treatment process, just can make piston or slide block mechanical property, dimensional stability meet rotary compressor service requirements; At the bent axle to high-wearing feature not doing in heat treated situation, meet the service requirements of high loading rotary compressor.The piston making take the present invention is example, its high abrasion resistance, after long-term operation, the each working face of piston is all without noticeable wear, reduce the radially leakage of refrigerant along piston-slide block tip contact surface, compressor performance stability, reliability are improved, reduced manufacturing cost simultaneously, expanded the selection range of rotary compressor piston.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the compressor pump sectional view of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the piston graphite form (metaloscope 100 ×) of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the piston metallographic microstructure (metaloscope 100 ×) of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of high abrasion resisting material, counts by weight percentage, and formula contains following chemical composition: C:2.90～3.60%; Si:1.80～3.0%; Mn:0.40～1.00%; S :≤0.15%; P:0.05～0.45%; B:0.01～0.20%; Cu :≤1.0%; Sn :≤0.06%; Sb :≤0.03%; Fe and inevitably impurity.
Preferably, described formula also contains one or more in Cr, Ni, Mo, wherein: Cr :≤1.0%; Mo :≤1.0%; Ni :≤3.0%.
In above-mentioned each chemical composition, Cr, Mo are carbide-forming element, and Cr, Mo are carbide forming element simultaneously, can increase the wear-resisting phase amount in foundry goods; Cu, Ni, for promoting graphite element, also can play the effect of thinning microstructure and increase pearlite fraction; Sb, Sn are the element that increases foundry goods pearlite fraction; B, P can form on the border of eutectic cell B-P eutectic and boron-carbide, disperse, are evenly distributed on foundry goods matrix, play effect wear-resisting, bite-resistant.For guaranteeing cast properties, need proportionally carry out rational proportion use to each alloy.
The manufacture method of above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material, comprises following sequential steps:
(1) melting: press mentioned component proportioning and mix, carry out cast iron melting 1450 ℃～1600 ℃ temperature ranges.More preferably 1550～1600 ℃ of temperature ranges, most preferably 1580 ℃.
(2) inoculation: molten iron is injected in holding furnace, inject and use nucleating agent carry out current-following inoculation or rush subsumption and educate simultaneously.Preferably, nucleating agent is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.
(3) late inoculation processing: molten iron is injected to casting ladle by holding furnace, put into nucleating agent in casting ladle bottom when injection, carry out late inoculation processing, keep molten iron pouring temperature at 1300 ℃～1540 ℃.Preferably, nucleating agent is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.More preferably 1450～1500 ℃ of temperature ranges.
(4) casting forms blank.
(5) roughing, carries out end face, periphery, inner headed face and chamfering place to blank and carries out turning processing.
(6) thermal treatment: roughing product are carried out to quenching and tempering processing successively.Require lower slightly parts for the strength of materials, wear resistance, for example compressor bent axle, can omit heat treatment step, requires lower parts for the strength of materials, wear resistance, and piston, slide block that for example compressor is used, preferably increase heat treatment step.About heat treatment step, preferred, when quench treatment, furnace temperature is at 800 ℃～900 ℃, and carbon potential remains on 0.3%～1.2%, and soaking time is 40min～90min.When temper, furnace temperature, at 160 ℃～300 ℃, is incubated 60min～120min.After quenching before tempering, the quantity of the retained austenite of workpiece according to the add-on of alloying element and after quenching, can select to carry out or not carry out sub-zero treatment.Sub-zero treatment is that the workpiece after quenching is carried out to-40 ℃ of following processing, and soaking time is 30min～60min.
(7) precision work, end face, periphery and inner headed face to workpiece after thermal treatment carry out grinding precision work, and then polishing deburring can make required goods.
Above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material can, for the preparation of piston, slide block or bent axle, be applied on rotary compressor.
The parts of using take rotary compressor are below example, by embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention are described in further detail.
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.15; Si:2.3; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.4; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
(1) by the material of above chemical composition proportioning, use middle frequency furnace to be fused into molten iron, temperature of fusion is controlled at 1450 ℃～1600 ℃, in the present embodiment, is: 1580 ℃.
(2) molten iron is injected in holding furnace, when pouring into, use ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant to carry out current-following inoculation processing;
(3) molten iron is injected to casting ladle by holding furnace, when injection, carry out late inoculation processing; Keep molten iron pouring temperature to exist: 1300 ℃～1540 ℃, in the present embodiment, to be 1470 ℃.
(4) molten iron is poured into sand mold mould die cavity by casting ladle, molten iron through overcooling, solidify formation piston blank.
(5) piston blank is carried out to end face, periphery, inner headed face and chamfering place and carry out turning processing.
(6) quench, deep cooling and temper, concrete technology is:
Quenching temperature: 860 ± 10 ℃, soaking time: 70min, carbon potential: 0.8%, oil cooling;
Cryogenic temperature :-50 ℃, the time: 60min;
Tempering temperature: 180 ± 10 ℃, soaking time: 90min, air cooling.
(7) end face to thermal treatment back piston, periphery and inner headed face carry out grinding precision work, and then polishing deburring can be manufactured and be obtained qualified rotary compressor piston.
Durometer level is at HRC46～HRC56 after step (6) is processed for piston, and microstructure is: graphite is uniform sheet and distributes, and form is " A " type or " A " type+a small amount of " D " type (as Fig. 2); Matrix is tiny needle type martensite and a small amount of retained austenite, on the border of eutectic cell, is distributed with even dispersion, is iron phosphide eutectic and boron-carbide (as Fig. 3) interrupted, net distribution.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.4; Mn:0.6; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.4; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01; Cr:0.4, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.5; Mn:0.6; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.10; Cu:0.6; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01; Mo:0.2, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.4; Mn:0.6; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.10; Cu:0.3; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01; Ni:0.4, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.5; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.3; Cr:0.6, Mo:0.2, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 6
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.5; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.10; Cu:0.3; Cr:0.5, Mo:0.2, Ni:0.3, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 7(does not carry out sub-zero treatment)
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C：3.25；Si：2.4；Mn：0.75；S：≤0.15；P：0.25；B：0.08；Cu:0.2；Cr：0.5，Mo：0.25，Ni：0.25
(1) by the material of above chemical composition proportioning, use middle frequency furnace to be fused into molten iron, temperature of fusion is controlled at 1450 ℃～1600 ℃, in the present embodiment, is: 1580 ℃.
(2) molten iron is injected in holding furnace, when pouring into, use ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant to carry out current-following inoculation processing;
(3) molten iron is injected to casting ladle by holding furnace, when injection, carry out late inoculation processing; Keep molten iron pouring temperature to exist: 1300 ℃～1540 ℃, in the present embodiment, to be 1470 ℃.
(4) molten iron is poured into sand mold mould die cavity by casting ladle, molten iron through overcooling, solidify formation piston blank.
(5) piston blank is carried out to end face, periphery, inner headed face and chamfering place and carry out turning processing.
(6) carry out quenching and tempering processing, concrete technology is:
Quenching temperature: 860 ± 10 ℃, soaking time: 70min, carbon potential: 0.8%, oil cooling;
Tempering temperature: 260 ± 10 ℃, soaking time: 90min, air cooling.
(7) to thermal treatment back piston end face, periphery and inner headed face carry out grinding precision work, then polishing deburring, can manufacture and obtain qualified rotary compressor piston.
In the present embodiment, before the tempering afterwards of quenching, according to the quantity of the retained austenite of the add-on of alloying element and the rear workpiece that quenches, can not carry out sub-zero treatment, in the present embodiment piston, retained austenite has stability under compressor operation condition, guarantee that dimensional precision can not change in life-time service, but embodiment 1 hardness has the decline of HRC1～2 degree relatively, metallographic structure does not almost have difference, only under high magnification (the SEM microscope of X2000), just can observe the retained austenite of adularescent between the martensite needle that embodiment 7 organizes.The piston making by embodiment 7 is-60 ℃ of following maintenances 1 hour, and dimensional change is less than 2 μ m, and dimensional stability is good.The compressor of its coupling is after 1000 hours longevity tests, and wear loss is about 1 μ m left and right, high abrasion resistance.
Embodiment 8
The chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the crankshaft material of the present embodiment is with embodiment 1, as follows:
C:3.15; Si:2.3; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.4; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
(1) by the material of above chemical composition proportioning, use middle frequency furnace to be fused into molten iron, temperature of fusion is controlled at 1450 ℃～1600 ℃, in the present embodiment, is: 1580 ℃.
(2) molten iron is injected in holding furnace, when pouring into, use ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant to carry out current-following inoculation processing;
(3) molten iron is injected to casting ladle by holding furnace, when injection, carry out late inoculation processing; Keep molten iron pouring temperature to exist: 1300 ℃～1540 ℃, in the present embodiment, to be 1470 ℃.
(4) molten iron is poured into sand mold mould die cavity by casting ladle, molten iron through overcooling, solidify formation crank shaft blank.
(5) crank shaft blank is carried out to outside surface and chamfering place carries out turning processing.
(6) outside surface of bent axle is carried out to grinding precision work, then polishing deburring, can manufacture and obtain qualified rotary compressor bent axle, and its high abrasion resistance, meets compressor with requiring.
Claims (10)
1. a high abrasion resisting material, is characterized in that: count by weight percentage, formula contains following chemical composition: C:2.90～3.60%; Si:1.80～3.0%; Mn:0.40～1.00%; S :≤0.15%; P:0.05～0.45%; B:0.01～0.20%; Cu :≤1.0%; Sn :≤0.06%; Sb :≤0.03%; Fe and inevitably impurity.
2. high abrasion resisting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described formula also contains one or more in Cr, Ni, Mo, wherein: Cr :≤1.0%; Mo :≤1.0%; Ni :≤3.0%.
3. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that comprising following sequential steps:
(1) melting: mix by composition proportion, carry out cast iron melting 1450 ℃～1600 ℃ temperature ranges;
(2) inoculation: molten iron is injected in holding furnace, inject and use nucleating agent to carry out current-following inoculation simultaneously;
(3) late inoculation processing: molten iron is injected to casting ladle by holding furnace, put into nucleating agent in casting ladle bottom when injection, carry out late inoculation processing, keep molten iron pouring temperature at 1300 ℃～1540 ℃;
(4) casting forms blank.
4. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: after described step (4), be also provided with step (5) thermal treatment: carry out successively quenching and tempering processing.
5. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the nucleating agent in described step (2), step (3) is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.
6. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the quenching in described step (5), and furnace temperature is at 800 ℃～900 ℃, and carbon potential remains on 0.3%～1.2%, and soaking time is 40min～90min.
7. the manufacture method of piston for rotary compressor according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the tempering in described step (5), furnace temperature, at 160 ℃～300 ℃, is incubated 60min～120min.
8. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step (5), after quenching, before tempering, the workpiece after quenching is carried out to-40 ℃ of following sub-zero treatments, soaking time is 30min～60min.
9. piston, slide block or the bent axle for rotary compressor that are made by high abrasion resisting material described in claim profit 1 or 2.
10. include in piston described in claim 9, slide block or bent axle at least one rotary compressor.
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| CN104313508A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-28 | 郭芙 | Alloy with high surface heat resistance and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106282757A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 芜湖永达科技有限公司 | A kind of thick big castings of gray cast iron |
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