CN103898399B - A kind of high abrasion resisting material and manufacture method thereof and application - Google Patents
A kind of high abrasion resisting material and manufacture method thereof and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high abrasion resisting material and manufacture method thereof and application, count by weight percentage, its formula is containing following chemical composition: C:2.90 ~ 3.60%; Si:1.80 ~ 3.0%; Mn:0.40 ~ 1.00%; S :≤0.15%; P:0.05 ~ 0.45%; B:0.01 ~ 0.20%; Cu :≤1.0%; Sn :≤0.06%; Sb :≤0.03%; Fe and inevitably impurity, by melting, breed, late inoculation, casting form the steps such as piston blank, roughing, thermal treatment, precision work and obtain, can be applicable to prepare rotary compressor piston, slide block or bent axle etc.The piston that material of the present invention obtains, slide block, bent axle cost are low, cheap for manufacturing cost, and have high-wearing feature.For compressor piston, after long-term operation, the each working face of piston is all without noticeable wear, decrease refrigerant to reveal along the radial direction of piston-slide block tip contact surface, compressor performance stability, reliability are improved, reduce manufacturing cost simultaneously, expand the selection range of rotary compressor piston.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to compressor Material Field, particularly a kind of high abrasion resisting material and manufacture method thereof and application.
Background technology
Rotary compressor, because its efficiency is high, volume is little and lightweight feature, is widely used.The pump housing of existing rotary compressor is generally made up of slide block 1, spring 2, piston 3, cylinder 4, bent axle 5 and metal (upper, as shown in Figure 1.As the important component-piston 3 of compressor pump, high speed eccentric rotary is carried out under the drive of bent axle 5, simultaneously, under the impellent of spring 2, the first end face of slide block 1 fits tightly formation friction pair with piston 3 outer circumference surface of high speed eccentric rotary all the time, and this friction pair is linear contact lay, and contact surface pressure is high, and this friction pair is in the critical lubricating status of few oil for a long time, its contact site is caused very easily to wear and tear.Therefore, choosing for piston material, needs it to have high rigidity, high-wear resistance and good toughness.
At present, the high wear-resistant piston material that rotary compressor uses is the CrNiMo system alloy gray cast-iron of high P content and metallic sintered products (composition is that CrMo steel alloy is suitable) mainly, and it exists following problem:
1. the use of a large amount of noble alloy element, causes its material cost high;
2. the adding in a large number of alloying element, need higher thermal treatment temp, manufacturing cost is high;
3. the retained austenite quantity after alloying element makes quenching increases, dimensional stability difference (usually needing to increase deepfreeze operation);
4. be main wear-resisting phase with iron phosphide eutectic that is single, high-content, cause fragility to strengthen, crackle risk is high.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming shortcoming of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of high abrasion resisting material, the cost of material is low for it, high abrasion resistance
Another object of the present invention is to provide the manufacture method of above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material, and it is cheap for manufacturing cost.
A further object of the invention is being applied to above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material on rotary compressor piston.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of high abrasion resisting material, is characterized in that: count by weight percentage, and formula is containing following chemical composition:
C:2.90 ~ 3.60%; Si:1.80 ~ 3.0%; Mn:0.40 ~ 1.00%; S :≤0.15%; P:0.05 ~ 0.45%; B:0.01 ~ 0.20%; Cu :≤1.0%; Sn :≤0.06%; Sb :≤0.03%; Fe and inevitably impurity.
Described formula also mixes containing one or more in Cr, Ni, Mo, wherein: Cr :≤1.0%; Mo :≤1.0%; Ni :≤3.0%.
A manufacture method for high abrasion resisting material, is characterized in that comprising following sequential steps:
(1) melting: by the mixing of mentioned component proportioning, carry out cast iron melting 1450 DEG C ~ 1600 DEG C temperature ranges;
(2) inoculation: injected by molten iron in holding furnace, injects and uses nucleating agent to carry out current-following inoculation simultaneously;
(3) late inoculation process: molten iron is injected casting ladle by holding furnace, puts into nucleating agent during injection bottom casting ladle, carries out late inoculation process, keeps molten iron pouring temperature at 1300 DEG C ~ 1540 DEG C;
(4) casting forms blank.
After described step (4), be also provided with step (5) thermal treatment: carry out quenching and tempering process successively.
Nucleating agent in described step (2), step (3) is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.
Quenching in described step (5), furnace temperature is at 800 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, and carbon potential remains on 0.3% ~ 1.2%, and soaking time is 40min ~ 90min.
Tempering in described step (5), furnace temperature, at 160 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C, is incubated 60min ~ 120min.
In described step (5), after quenching before tempering, the workpiece after quenching is carried out the sub-zero treatment of less than-40 DEG C, soaking time is 30min ~ 60min.
The rotary compressor piston, slide block or the bent axle that are obtained by above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material
Include the rotary compressor of above-mentioned piston, slide block or bent axle.
Material cost of the present invention is low, make the collocation of alloying element more reasonable by micro-alloying technology, reduce the consumption to noble alloy element, and there is high-wearing feature, P eutectic microhardness is Hv700 ~ 800, and the microhardness of carbide containing boron can reach between Hv900 ~ 1300, and simultaneously B adds and decreases the dependence of material wear ability to single iron phosphide eutectic, B, P mixing hard phase distributes more disperse evenly, and matrix strength is high; Cheap for manufacturing cost, lower quenching, tempering temperature can be used, and under the condition not increasing cold treatment process, just can make piston or slide block mechanical property, dimensional stability meets rotary compressor service requirements; Not making the bent axle to high-wearing feature in heat treated situation, meet the service requirements of high loading rotary compressor.For the piston that the present invention obtains, its high abrasion resistance, after long-term operation, the each working face of piston is all without noticeable wear, decrease refrigerant to reveal along the radial direction of piston-slide block tip contact surface, compressor performance stability, reliability are improved, reduces manufacturing cost simultaneously, expand the selection range of rotary compressor piston.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the compressor pump sectional view of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the piston graphite form (metaloscope 100 ×) of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the piston metallographic microstructure (metaloscope 100 ×) of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of high abrasion resisting material, counts by weight percentage, and formula is containing following chemical composition: C:2.90 ~ 3.60%; Si:1.80 ~ 3.0%; Mn:0.40 ~ 1.00%; S :≤0.15%; P:0.05 ~ 0.45%; B:0.01 ~ 0.20%; Cu :≤1.0%; Sn :≤0.06%; Sb :≤0.03%; Fe and inevitably impurity.
Preferably, described formula also containing one or more in Cr, Ni, Mo, wherein: Cr :≤1.0%; Mo :≤1.0%; Ni :≤3.0%.
In above-mentioned each chemical composition, Cr, Mo are carbide-forming element, and Cr, Mo are carbide forming element simultaneously, can increase the wear-resisting phase amount in foundry goods; Cu, Ni, for promoting graphite element, also can play the effect of thinning microstructure and increase pearlite fraction; Sb, Sn are the element increasing foundry goods pearlite fraction; B, P can form B-P eutectic and boron-carbide on the border of eutectic cell, disperse, are evenly distributed on foundry goods matrix, play effect that is wear-resisting, bite-resistant.For ensureing cast properties, proportionally rational proportion use need be carried out to each alloy.
The manufacture method of above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material, comprises following sequential steps:
(1) melting: by the mixing of mentioned component proportioning, carry out cast iron melting 1450 DEG C ~ 1600 DEG C temperature ranges.Temperature range more preferably 1550 ~ 1600 DEG C, most preferably 1580 DEG C.
(2) inoculation: injected by molten iron in holding furnace, injects and uses nucleating agent to carry out current-following inoculation or rush subsumption educating simultaneously.Preferably, nucleating agent is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.
(3) late inoculation process: molten iron is injected casting ladle by holding furnace, puts into nucleating agent during injection bottom casting ladle, carries out late inoculation process, keeps molten iron pouring temperature at 1300 DEG C ~ 1540 DEG C.Preferably, nucleating agent is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.Temperature range more preferably 1450 ~ 1500 DEG C.
(4) casting forms blank.
(5) roughing, carries out end face, periphery, inner headed face and chamfering place to blank and carries out turnery processing.
(6) thermal treatment: successively quenching and tempering process is carried out to roughing product.Require lower slightly parts for the strength of materials, wear resistance, such as compressor bent axle, can omit heat treatment step, require lower parts for the strength of materials, wear resistance, the piston of such as compressor, slide block, then preferably increase heat treatment step.About heat treatment step, preferably, during quench treatment, furnace temperature is at 800 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, and carbon potential remains on 0.3% ~ 1.2%, and soaking time is 40min ~ 90min.During temper, furnace temperature, at 160 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C, is incubated 60min ~ 120min.After quenching before tempering, according to the quantity of the retained austenite of the rear workpiece of add-on and quenching of alloying element, can select to carry out or do not carry out sub-zero treatment.Sub-zero treatment be by quenching after workpiece carry out the process of less than-40 DEG C, soaking time is 30min ~ 60min.
(7) precision work, carries out grinding precision work, then polishing deburring to the end face of workpiece after thermal treatment, periphery and inner headed face, can obtain required goods.
Above-mentioned high abrasion resisting material may be used for preparing piston, slide block or bent axle, is applied on rotary compressor.
Below for the parts of rotary compressor, by embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.15; Si:2.3; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.4; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
(1) by the material of above chemical composition proportioning, use middle frequency furnace be fused into molten iron, temperature of fusion control at 1450 DEG C ~ 1600 DEG C, in the present embodiment be: 1580 DEG C.
(2) molten iron is injected in holding furnace, while pouring into, use ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant to carry out current-following inoculation process;
(3) molten iron is injected casting ladle by holding furnace, during injection, carry out late inoculation process; Molten iron pouring temperature is kept to exist: 1300 DEG C ~ 1540 DEG C, in the present embodiment, to be 1470 DEG C.
(4) molten iron is poured into sand mold mould die cavity by casting ladle, molten iron through overcooling, solidify formation piston blank.
(5) end face, periphery, inner headed face and chamfering place are carried out to piston blank and carry out turnery processing.
(6) carry out quenching, deep cooling and temper, concrete technology is:
Quenching temperature: 860 ± 10 DEG C, soaking time: 70min, carbon potential: 0.8%, oil cooling;
Cryogenic temperature :-50 DEG C, the time: 60min;
Tempering temperature: 180 ± 10 DEG C, soaking time: 90min, air cooling.
(7) grinding precision work is carried out, then polishing deburring to the end face of thermal treatment back piston, periphery and inner headed face, can manufacture and obtain qualified rotary compressor piston.
Durometer level is at HRC46 ~ HRC56 after step (6) process for piston, and microstructure is: graphite is the distribution of uniform sheet, and form is " A " type or " A " type+a small amount of " D " type (as Fig. 2); Matrix is tiny needle type martensite and a small amount of retained austenite, and the border of eutectic cell is distributed with even dispersion, the iron phosphide eutectic in interrupted, net distribution and boron-carbide (as Fig. 3).The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 2
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.4; Mn:0.6; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.4; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01; Cr:0.4, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 3
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.5; Mn:0.6; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.10; Cu:0.6; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01; Mo:0.2, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 4
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.4; Mn:0.6; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.10; Cu:0.3; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01; Ni:0.4, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 5
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.5; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.3; Cr:0.6, Mo:0.2, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 6
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C:3.2; Si:2.5; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.10; Cu:0.3; Cr:0.5, Mo:0.2, Ni:0.3, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.The high abrasion resistance of gained piston.
Embodiment 7(does not carry out sub-zero treatment)
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the piston material of the present embodiment is as follows:
C：3.25；Si：2.4；Mn：0.75；S：≤0.15；P：0.25；B：0.08；Cu:0.2；Cr：0.5，Mo：0.25，Ni：0.25
(1) by the material of above chemical composition proportioning, use middle frequency furnace be fused into molten iron, temperature of fusion control at 1450 DEG C ~ 1600 DEG C, in the present embodiment be: 1580 DEG C.
(2) molten iron is injected in holding furnace, while pouring into, use ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant to carry out current-following inoculation process;
(3) molten iron is injected casting ladle by holding furnace, during injection, carry out late inoculation process; Molten iron pouring temperature is kept to exist: 1300 DEG C ~ 1540 DEG C, in the present embodiment, to be 1470 DEG C.
(4) molten iron is poured into sand mold mould die cavity by casting ladle, molten iron through overcooling, solidify formation piston blank.
(5) end face, periphery, inner headed face and chamfering place are carried out to piston blank and carry out turnery processing.
(6) carry out quenching and tempering process, concrete technology is:
Quenching temperature: 860 ± 10 DEG C, soaking time: 70min, carbon potential: 0.8%, oil cooling;
Tempering temperature: 260 ± 10 DEG C, soaking time: 90min, air cooling.
(7) to thermal treatment back piston end face, periphery and inner headed face carry out grinding precision work, then polishing deburring, can manufacture and obtain qualified rotary compressor piston.
In the present embodiment, after quenching before tempering, according to the add-on of alloying element and the quantity of the retained austenite of the rear workpiece of quenching, sub-zero treatment can not be carried out, in the present embodiment piston, retained austenite has stability under compressor operation condition, ensure that dimensional precision can not change in life-time service, but relatively embodiment 1 hardness has the decline of HRC1 ~ 2 degree, metallographic structure does not then almost have difference, only under high magnification (the SEM microscope of X2000), just can observe the retained austenite of adularescent between martensite needle that embodiment 7 organizes.The piston obtained by embodiment 7 keeps 1 hour below-60 DEG C, and dimensional change is less than 2 μm, and dimensional stability is good.The compressor of its coupling is after 1000 hours life tests, and wear loss is about about 1 μm, high abrasion resistance.
Embodiment 8
Chemical composition composition (massfraction %) of the crankshaft material of the present embodiment is with embodiment 1, as follows:
C:3.15; Si:2.3; Mn:0.8; S :≤0.15; P:0.25; B:0.08; Cu:0.4; Sn:0.02; Sb:0.01, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
(1) by the material of above chemical composition proportioning, use middle frequency furnace be fused into molten iron, temperature of fusion control at 1450 DEG C ~ 1600 DEG C, in the present embodiment be: 1580 DEG C.
(2) molten iron is injected in holding furnace, while pouring into, use ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant to carry out current-following inoculation process;
(3) molten iron is injected casting ladle by holding furnace, during injection, carry out late inoculation process; Molten iron pouring temperature is kept to exist: 1300 DEG C ~ 1540 DEG C, in the present embodiment, to be 1470 DEG C.
(4) molten iron is poured into sand mold mould die cavity by casting ladle, molten iron through overcooling, solidify formation crank shaft blank.
(5) outside surface is carried out to crank shaft blank and chamfering place carries out turnery processing.
(6) grinding precision work being carried out to the outside surface of bent axle, then polishing deburring, can manufacture and obtain qualified rotary compressor bent axle, its high abrasion resistance, meeting compressor with requiring.
Claims (9)
1. a high abrasion resisting material, is characterized in that: count by weight percentage, and fills a prescription to be made up of following chemical composition: C:2.90 ~ 3.60%; Si:1.80 ~ 3.0%; Mn:0.40 ~ 1.00%; S :≤0.15%; P:0.05 ~ 0.45%; B:0.01 ~ 0.20%; Cu :≤1.0%; Sn :≤0.06%; Sb :≤0.03%; One or more in Cr, Ni, Mo, wherein: Cr :≤1.0%; Mo :≤1.0%; Ni :≤3.0%; Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material described in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising following sequential steps:
(1) melting: by composition proportion mixing, carry out cast iron melting 1450 DEG C ~ 1600 DEG C temperature ranges;
(2) inoculation: injected by molten iron in holding furnace, injects and uses nucleating agent to carry out current-following inoculation simultaneously;
(3) late inoculation process: molten iron is injected casting ladle by holding furnace, puts into nucleating agent during injection bottom casting ladle, carries out late inoculation process, keeps molten iron pouring temperature at 1300 DEG C ~ 1540 DEG C;
(4) casting forms blank.
3. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: after described step (4), is also provided with step (5) thermal treatment: carry out quenching and tempering process successively.
4. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the nucleating agent in described step (2), step (3) is ferrosilicon or silicon titanate innoculant.
5. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the quenching in described step (5), and furnace temperature is at 800 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, and carbon potential remains on 0.3% ~ 1.2%, and soaking time is 40min ~ 90min.
6. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the tempering in described step (5), and furnace temperature, at 160 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C, is incubated 60min ~ 120min.
7. the manufacture method of high abrasion resisting material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step (5), after quenching before tempering, and the workpiece after quenching is carried out the sub-zero treatment of less than-40 DEG C, soaking time is 30min ~ 60min.
8. by rotary compressor piston, slide block or bent axle that high abrasion resisting material described in claim 1 is obtained.
9. include the rotary compressor of at least one in piston described in claim 8, slide block or bent axle.
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| US20230070074A1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | High-modulus, high-strength, low alloy gray cast iron for cylinder liners and automotive applications |
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