CN111063990B - High-gain double-circularly-polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading - Google Patents
High-gain double-circularly-polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN111063990B CN111063990B CN202010001230.5A CN202010001230A CN111063990B CN 111063990 B CN111063990 B CN 111063990B CN 202010001230 A CN202010001230 A CN 202010001230A CN 111063990 B CN111063990 B CN 111063990B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain double-circular polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading, which overcomes the defects of low radiation gain, limited bandwidth and the like of the traditional microstrip patch antenna. The invention introduces a super surface structure with a square ring shape of 4 multiplied by 4 under a compact caliber, improves the gain of the antenna, and can be applied to high-gain and high-isolation systems such as indoor and outdoor Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), remote sensing and remote measuring, satellite communication, Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of circularly polarized antennas, in particular to a high-gain double-circularly polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading.
Background
Circularly polarized antennas have important application prospects in modern wireless communication systems. The electromagnetic wave shielding structure can not only reduce multipath effect interference caused by buildings, obstacles and the like, but also resist the Faraday rotation effect of electromagnetic waves in magnetic media such as electric ions or ferrite. Moreover, the circularly polarized antenna can receive electromagnetic waves in any polarization mode at any time and any place without mismatch. This has led to a number of applications for circularly polarized antennas in systems such as indoor and outdoor Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), telemetry, satellite communication, bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), etc. Compared with a common single circularly polarized antenna, the high-gain double circularly polarized antenna has more unique advantages. It can switch different polarization states in time-sharing mode, so that the channel capacity of the communication system is obviously improved. The use of multiple polarizations in a design may allow for smaller size and lower manufacturing costs for the device as compared to wireless communication devices that use multiple polarizations, multiple antennas.
For the research of the dual circularly polarized antenna, most of the latest research results are based on the forms of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) slot structure, a super surface (Meta-surface) radiator, a series feed microstrip patch, a series feed slot antenna and the like. These design methods can achieve ideal design effects, but have the following disadvantages: limited working bandwidth, low gain, low antenna aperture efficiency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low radiation gain, limited bandwidth and the like of the traditional microstrip patch antenna, the invention provides a high-gain double-circularly polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading, which solves the problems.
A high-gain double-circularly-polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading comprises two radiation units with the same shape, wherein each radiation unit comprises a super-surface structure, a patch group, a multi-layer medium substrate and a feed network;
each dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates is arranged in parallel, the super-surface structure, the patch group and the feed network are all arranged on the multilayer dielectric substrates, and the arrangement mode is printing;
the super-surface structure is arranged on the uppermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, the feed network is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, the patch group comprises a metal ground and a driving patch, the metal ground is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, and the feed network is arranged on the metal ground;
the patch group adopts a space coupling mode, the feed network comprises a plurality of feed metal probes, and the feed network is connected with the drive patch through the feed metal probes;
the super-surface structure is a 4 x 4 metal ring.
Preferably, the antenna structure is processed by using a PCB.
The feed metal probe adopts a metal column with good conductivity to realize that the feed network is connected with the drive patch, and the effect is the same.
The 4 × 4 metal ring structure of the super-surface structure includes, but is not limited to, a circular sheet, a circular ring, a polygonal sheet and a polygonal ring, and the 4 × 4 metal ring structure of the super-surface structure is a centrosymmetric structure.
Further, when the antenna structure adopts a double-patch structure, the patch group further comprises an upper radiation patch and a lower drive patch, the lower drive patch is a drive patch in the double-patch structure, the upper radiation patch and the lower drive patch are coupled in a spaced mode, and the medium substrate where the upper radiation patch is located above the medium substrate where the lower drive patch is located.
Further, the structures of the upper radiation patch and the lower driving patch include but are not limited to a square structure, a circle, a polygon and a triangle, the structures of the upper radiation patch and the lower driving patch are both centrosymmetric structures, and the sizes of the upper radiation patch and the lower driving patch can be changed as required.
Further, the upper layer radiation patch is positioned above or below the medium substrate, and the lower layer driving patch is positioned above or below the medium substrate.
Further, the multilayer dielectric substrate comprises a dielectric substrate A, a dielectric substrate B, a dielectric substrate C and a dielectric substrate D;
the super-surface structure is arranged above or below the medium substrate A;
the upper radiation patch is arranged above or below the dielectric substrate B;
the lower driving patch is arranged above or below the medium substrate C;
the metal ground and the feed network are both arranged on or under the dielectric substrate D;
the number of the feed metal probes is four, and the feed network is connected with the lower layer driving patch through the four feed metal probes.
When the antenna structure adopts a single patch structure, the patch group only comprises the metal ground and the driving patch, and the feed network is connected with the driving patch through the feed metal probe.
Furthermore, the feed network is a dual-port feed network designed based on a 3dB coupling bridge, and further includes an input port E, an input port F, and four output ports, where a circular hole is dug at the output port of the metal ground, and the four output ports are connected to the driving patch through the circular hole by using four feed metal probes, respectively.
Furthermore, a double-layer coupling radiation microstrip patch form is provided, and based on the design, a 4 x 4 super-surface structure is designed and loaded at the upper end of an upper-layer radiation patch, so that in-band gain is remarkably improved. In order to obtain double circular polarization radiation, a 2-level 3dB coupling bridge is adopted, a dual-port feed network with broadband characteristics is designed, and a radiator is fed, so that two ports work in a left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) state and a right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) state respectively.
Furthermore, the upper radiation patch and the lower drive patch are coupled in a spaced mode, so that the Q value of the antenna is reduced, the bandwidth is expanded, and for narrow-band application, a mode of directly stacking multiple dielectric plates can be adopted.
Furthermore, the feed network in the technical scheme of the invention adopts a 2-stage coupling bridge design and a 1-stage coupling bridge or more coupling bridges design, and can achieve ideal effects.
Further, the working principle of the antenna is briefly explained as follows:
in order to improve the gain of the antenna under a compact aperture, a super-surface structure in the shape of a 4 × 4 square ring is introduced. The essence of being able to increase the antenna radiation gain is to form a uniformly distributed radiation current distribution on the radiation aperture.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention introduces a super-surface structure with a square ring shape of 4 multiplied by 4 under a compact caliber, thereby improving the gain of the antenna.
The invention adopts the form of space coupling, which is beneficial to reducing the Q value of the antenna, thereby expanding the impedance bandwidth of the antenna and obtaining the broadband radiation characteristic.
On the basis of a double-layer patch structure radiator, a layer of 4 multiplied by 4 super-surface structure is introduced, so that the in-band gain of the antenna is remarkably improved, and the aperture efficiency is remarkably improved.
The invention designs a broadband dual-port feed network to feed the radiation patch based on the 2-level 3dB coupling bridge, and obtains a good design result.
The invention can be applied to high-gain and high-isolation systems such as indoor and outdoor Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), remote sensing and remote measuring, satellite communication, Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a three-dimensional split view of an antenna structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the antenna structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the antenna structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the surface current distribution at 2.3GHz and 2.6GHz according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of peak gain of the radiating elements before and after the super-surface structure is arranged according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of port reflection coefficient and isolation of the front and back radiating elements of the super-surface structure of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of antenna port reflection coefficient and isolation of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the antenna peak gain versus axial ratio characteristic of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a radiation pattern at 2.3GHz for a simulated antenna of the present invention with right-hand circular polarization.
Fig. 10 is a radiation pattern at 2.6GHz for a right hand circular polarization for an antenna simulated in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern at 2.3GHz for left hand circular polarization for an antenna simulated in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a radiation pattern at 2.6GHz for left hand circular polarization for an antenna simulated in accordance with the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1. a super-surface structure; 2. a dielectric substrate A; 3. a dielectric substrate B; 4. an upper radiation patch; 5. a lower layer of driving patches; 6. a dielectric substrate C; 7. a metal floor; 8. a dielectric substrate D; 9. a feed network; 10. a feed metal probe; 11. an input port E; 12. and (6) an input port F.
Detailed Description
Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive changes, are within the scope of the present invention.
A high-gain dual-circularly polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading is shown in figures 1-10 and comprises two radiation units with the same shape, wherein each radiation unit comprises a super-surface structure 1, a patch group, a multilayer dielectric substrate and a feed network 9;
each dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates is arranged in parallel, the super-surface structure 1, the patch group and the feed network 9 are all arranged on the multilayer dielectric substrates, and the arrangement mode is printing;
the super-surface structure 1 is arranged on the uppermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, the feed network 9 is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, the patch group comprises a metal ground 7 and a driving patch, the metal ground 7 is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, and the feed network 9 is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates;
the patch group adopts a space coupling mode, the feed network 9 comprises a plurality of feed metal probes 10, and the feed network 9 is connected with the driving patch through the plurality of feed metal probes 10;
the super-surface structure 1 is a 4 x 4 metal ring.
Preferably, the antenna structure is processed by using a PCB.
The feed metal probe 10 is connected with the drive patch by a PCB direct metallization via hole, and the effect is the same.
The 4 × 4 metal ring structure of the super-surface structure 1 includes, but is not limited to, a circular sheet, a circular ring, a polygonal sheet and a polygonal ring, and the 4 × 4 metal ring structure of the super-surface structure 1 is a centrosymmetric structure.
Further, when the antenna structure adopts a double-patch structure, the patch group further comprises an upper radiation patch 4 and a lower drive patch 5, the lower drive patch 5 is a drive patch in the double-patch structure, the upper radiation patch 4 and the lower drive patch 5 are coupled in a spaced manner, and the medium substrate where the upper radiation patch 4 is located on the medium substrate where the lower drive patch 5 is located.
Further, the structures of the upper radiation patch 4 and the lower driving patch 5 include, but are not limited to, a square structure, a circle, a polygon and a triangle, the structures of the upper radiation patch 4 and the lower driving patch 5 are both centrosymmetric structures, and the sizes of the upper radiation patch 4 and the lower driving patch 5 can be changed as required.
Further, the upper layer radiation patch 4 is positioned above or below the medium substrate, and the lower layer driving patch 5 is positioned above or below the medium substrate.
Further, the multilayer dielectric substrate comprises a dielectric substrate A2, a dielectric substrate B3, a dielectric substrate C6 and a dielectric substrate D8;
the super-surface structure 1 is arranged above or below a medium substrate A2;
the upper radiation patch 4 is arranged above or below the dielectric substrate B3;
the lower driving patch 5 is arranged above or below the medium substrate C6;
the metal ground 7 and the feed network 9 are both arranged above or below the dielectric substrate D8;
the number of the feed metal probes 10 is four, and the feed network 9 is connected with the lower layer driving patch 5 through the four feed metal probes 10.
When the antenna structure adopts a single patch structure, the patch group only comprises the metal ground 7 and the driving patch, and the feed network 9 is connected with the driving patch through the feed metal probe 10.
Further, the feed network 9 is a dual-port feed network 9 designed based on a 3dB coupling bridge, the feed network 9 further includes an input port E11, an input port F12, and four output ports, a circular hole is dug out at the output port position of the metal ground 7, the feed metal probe 10 is disposed on the circular hole, and the four output ports are connected to the driving patch through the four feed metal probes 10, respectively.
Further, a double-layer coupling radiation microstrip patch form is provided, and based on the design, a 4 x 4 super-surface structure 1 is designed and loaded at the upper end of an upper-layer radiation patch 4, so that in-band gain is remarkably improved. In order to obtain double circular polarization radiation, a 2-level 3dB coupling bridge is adopted, a dual-port feed network 9 with broadband characteristics is designed, and a radiator is fed, so that two ports work in a left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) state and a right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) state respectively.
Further, the upper radiation patch 4 and the lower drive patch 5 are coupled in a spaced manner, so as to reduce the Q value of the antenna, thereby expanding the bandwidth, and for narrowband applications, a manner of directly stacking multiple dielectric plates may also be used.
Furthermore, the feed network 9 in the technical solution of the present invention adopts a 2-stage coupling bridge design, and adopts a 1-stage coupling bridge or a more-stage coupling bridge design, which can achieve the ideal effect as well.
Further, the following detailed explanation and simulation are carried out on the working principle of the antenna, and the following results are confirmed:
in order to improve the gain of the antenna with a compact aperture, a 4 × 4 square ring-shaped super-surface structure 1 is introduced. The essence of being able to increase the antenna radiation gain is to form a uniformly distributed radiation current distribution on the radiation aperture.
In one embodiment, simulation analysis was performed on the characteristics of the individual radiating elements in order to illustrate the elevated contribution of the proposed super-surface structure 1 to the antenna radiation gain. It should be noted that, at two feeding points of the radiating element, identical 1/4 wavelength matching sections are designed to match the lower radiating impedance at the feeding points to the microstrip line system impedance of 50 ohms. Fig. 4 shows the surface current distribution of the super-surface structure 1, and due to the symmetry of the structure and the symmetry of the ports, only the current distribution in the x-polarization direction is shown, and the current distribution in the y-polarization direction orthogonal thereto is similar, except that the direction is rotated by 90 degrees around the z-axis. The result in fig. 4 shows that at two side frequencies, i.e. 2.3GHz and 2.6GHz, the strong radiation current on the super-surface structure 1 is mainly concentrated at the outer edge of the square ring, and is uniformly arranged, so that the homodromous superposition can be formed in the + z direction, and the radiation gain of the caliber is enhanced.
On the basis of the previous embodiment, fig. 5 shows a simulated gain contrast diagram of the radiation unit before and after the super-surface structure 1 is arranged. It can be seen from the figure that after the proposed 4 × 4 super-surface structure 1 is loaded, the gain in the band is increased significantly, the average gain is increased from 8.1dBi without loading to 9.1dBi after loading, and the increase value reaches 1 dB.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 6, by providing the super-surface structure 1, the input impedance characteristics of the ports in the operating frequency band can be improved, and high isolation between the ports and good port impedance matching can be achieved. Within the concerned frequency range of 2.3 GHz-2.6 GHz, the reflection coefficient of the antenna port is lower than-15 dB, and the isolation between the ports is better than-20 dB.
On the basis of the previous embodiment, in order to further improve the radiation gain, a 2-element arrangement mode is adopted, and a dual-port feed network 9 as shown in fig. 3 is designed. The feed network 9 adopts a two-stage 3dB coupling bridge design, so that a wider operating bandwidth can be obtained. When the input port E works and the input port F is connected with a matched load, the antenna works in a right-hand circular polarization state; on the contrary, when the input port F is working and the input port E is connected to the matching load, the antenna is working in the left-handed circular polarization state.
Based on the above embodiment, in summary, by using the super-surface structure 1 provided by the present invention, the aperture radiation current distribution with uniform distribution can be obtained, so that the aperture radiation gain is significantly improved. Furthermore, by providing the proposed super-surface structure 1, the port reflection characteristics and isolation of the radiator can be significantly improved. Through the thought, a high-gain double circularly polarized antenna with a compact caliber is provided. The following are experimental proofs for performing the simulation:
the simulation result shown in fig. 7 shows that the isolation of the antenna in the frequency band of 2.3 GHz-2.6 GHz is better than-20 dB, the port reflection coefficient is less than-15 dB, and the relative bandwidth is 12.2%. Fig. 8 shows the peak gain and axial ratio curves for the antenna at two port operation, and the results show that the antenna axial ratio is less than 3dB and the average gain is greater than 11dBic over the operating band. The aperture efficiency of the whole antenna at the central frequency of 2.45GHz reaches 114%, and compared with other cases, the antenna has obvious advantages. The radiation patterns given in fig. 9-12 show that when fig. 9, 10 are excited for input port E and fig. 11 and 12 are excited for input port F, the antenna is analyzed to have stable and symmetric radiation lobes and lower cross-polarization levels. The invention can be applied to high-gain and high-isolation systems such as indoor and outdoor Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), remote sensing and remote measuring, satellite communication, Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-gain double-circular polarized antenna structure based on super-surface loading is characterized by comprising two radiation units with the same shape, wherein each radiation unit comprises a super-surface structure (1), a patch group, a multilayer dielectric substrate and a feed network (9);
each dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates is arranged in parallel, the super-surface structure (1), the patch group and the feed network (9) are all arranged on the multilayer dielectric substrates in a printing mode;
the super-surface structure (1) is arranged on the uppermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, the feed network (9) is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, the patch group comprises a metal ground (7) and a driving patch, the metal ground (7) is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates, and the feed network (9) is arranged on the lowermost dielectric substrate in the multilayer dielectric substrates;
the patch group adopts a space coupling mode, the feed network (9) comprises a plurality of feed metal probes (10), and the feed network (9) is connected with the driving patch through the plurality of feed metal probes (10); when the antenna structure adopts a double-patch structure, the patch group further comprises an upper-layer radiation patch (4) and a lower-layer drive patch (5), the lower-layer drive patch (5) is a drive patch in the double-patch structure, the upper-layer radiation patch (4) and the lower-layer drive patch (5) are coupled in a spaced manner, and a medium substrate where the upper-layer radiation patch (4) is located above a medium substrate where the lower-layer drive patch (5) is located;
the super-surface structure (1) is a 4 x 4 metal ring;
the feed network (9) is a dual-port feed network (9) based on a 3dB coupling bridge design.
2. The super surface loading based high-gain dual circularly polarized antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure is fabricated by PCB.
3. The super-surface loading based high-gain dual-circularly polarized antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed metal probe (10) is made of a metal column with good electrical conductivity to connect the feed network (9) and the driving patch.
4. The super surface loading based high gain dual circularly polarized antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 4 x 4 metal ring structure of the super surface structure (1) includes but is not limited to circular patch, circular ring, polygonal patch and polygonal ring, and the 4 x 4 metal ring structure of the super surface structure (1) is a central symmetric structure.
5. The structure of claim 1, wherein the structures of the upper radiation patch (4) and the lower driving patch (5) include but are not limited to a square structure, a circle, a polygon and a triangle, and the structures of the upper radiation patch (4) and the lower driving patch (5) are both centrosymmetric structures.
6. The structure of claim 1, wherein the upper radiation patch (4) is located above or below the dielectric substrate, and the lower driving patch (5) is located above or below the dielectric substrate.
7. The structure of claim 1, wherein the multilayer dielectric substrate comprises a dielectric substrate A (2), a dielectric substrate B (3), a dielectric substrate C (6) and a dielectric substrate D (8);
the super-surface structure (1) is arranged on or under the medium substrate A (2);
the upper radiation patch (4) is arranged above or below the dielectric substrate B (3);
the lower driving patch (5) is arranged above or below the dielectric substrate C (6);
the metal ground (7) and the feed network (9) are both arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the dielectric substrate D (8);
the number of the feed metal probes (10) is four, and the feed network (9) is connected with the lower layer driving patch (5) through the four feed metal probes (10).
8. The super surface loading based high-gain dual circularly polarized antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the antenna structure adopts a single patch structure, the patch group only includes the metal ground (7) and the driving patch, and the feeding network (9) is connected to the driving patch through the feeding metal probe (10).
9. The super surface loading based high-gain dual circularly polarized antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the feed network (9) further comprises an input port E (11), an input port F (12) and four output ports, a circular hole is dug at the output port position of the metal ground (7), and the four output ports and the driving patch are connected by four feed metal probes (10) respectively through the circular hole.
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| CN113937462B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-06-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Electronic equipment |
| CN113140904B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2023-07-18 | 西安天和防务技术股份有限公司 | Dual polarized antenna |
| CN113839216B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-11-14 | 山西大学 | Low-profile broadband circularly polarized antenna based on super surface |
| CN114024124B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-06-24 | 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 | Miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of achieving near-field and far-field reading |
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