CN111058860A - Cave opening construction method - Google Patents
Cave opening construction method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111058860A CN111058860A CN201911261787.6A CN201911261787A CN111058860A CN 111058860 A CN111058860 A CN 111058860A CN 201911261787 A CN201911261787 A CN 201911261787A CN 111058860 A CN111058860 A CN 111058860A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- tunnel
- starting
- construction method
- shield
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
Abstract
The invention provides a hole construction method, which is applied to the construction of an initial hole of a tunnel, and comprises the following steps: reinforcing the end part of the initial opening, wherein the reinforcing treatment comprises punching holes in the side wall at the end part of the initial opening and pouring concrete; after the concrete is solidified, installing a starting base of the shield tunneling machine on the outer side of the starting tunnel opening, wherein the starting base is used for supporting the shield tunneling machine; a sealing device is arranged on the outer side of the starting hole and used for stopping rainwater from permeating into the starting hole; breaking the initial opening; and the shield machine starts tunneling from the broken starting tunnel portal to excavate the tunnel. The tunnel opening construction method solves the problem of low tunnel construction efficiency in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel opening construction method.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of urban rail transit, shield construction gradually becomes a main construction method for urban subway construction. The shield method is to advance the shield machine in the ground, collapse into the tunnel occurs by placing the shield shell and the surrounding rock walls supported by the segments, simultaneously excavate the soil body with a cutting device in front of the excavation face, and transport the soil out of the tunnel through an unearthing machine. The tunnel construction technology in the prior art needs more manpower, the shield machine has low working efficiency, and the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency and insecurity exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a tunnel opening construction method to solve the problem of low tunnel construction efficiency in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a hole construction method, which is applied to the construction of an initial hole of a tunnel, and comprises the following steps: reinforcing the end part of the initial opening, wherein the reinforcing treatment comprises punching holes in the side wall at the end part of the initial opening and pouring concrete; after the concrete is solidified, installing a starting base of the shield tunneling machine on the outer side of the starting tunnel opening, wherein the starting base is used for supporting the shield tunneling machine; a sealing device is arranged on the outer side of the starting hole and used for stopping rainwater from permeating into the starting hole; breaking the initial opening; and the shield machine starts tunneling from the broken starting tunnel portal to excavate the tunnel.
Further, the end part of the starting hole is reinforced by adopting double pipe rotary spraying.
Further, embedments for connection with the originating base are installed at the end reinforcement process of the originating opening.
Further, after the starting base is fixed at the starting tunnel opening, a reaction frame is installed on the starting base and used for providing recoil force for the shield tunneling machine during initial movement.
Furthermore, a negative ring pipe piece and a jack are installed after the reaction frame is installed, and the negative ring pipe piece is arranged between the reaction frame and the jack so as to provide a reaction force for the shield tunneling machine when the shield tunneling machine is pushed forwards.
Further, after the installation of the negative ring pipe piece is completed, the shield machine is installed on the starting base, and one end of the shield machine is abutted to the reaction frame.
Further, the sealing device comprises a sealing curtain, the sealing curtain is arranged around the starting tunnel opening, and the sealing curtain is used for being connected with a shield machine or a shield segment to seal the starting tunnel opening.
Further, the method for breaking the initial opening comprises the following steps: measuring and positioning the central line of an originating tunnel opening of the tunnel; dividing the initial opening into a plurality of blocks by taking the central line of the initial opening as a center for construction; the plurality of blocks of the originating opening are excavated in sequence in a preset order.
And further, adopting an air pick to cut the initial opening, and spraying plain concrete to protect soil between piles at the initial opening of the tunnel during cutting.
Further, when constructing a plurality of blocks of the starting hole, the construction is carried out according to the sequence of top to bottom and two sides to middle.
The tunnel portal construction method applying the technical scheme of the invention is mainly applied to an initial end of a tunnel and is used for constructing the portal of the tunnel before the tunnel is excavated, and comprises the steps of firstly marking according to the preset position of the tunnel portal to reinforce the position of the portal, a foundation above the portal and the periphery of the portal, then installing an initial base of a shield machine at the bottom of the position of the portal, fixing the initial base at the tunnel portal, extending a certain distance outside the portal to form a sealing device, enabling the shield machine to enter the tunnel through the sealing device for construction, connecting the sealing device with the shield machine or assembled shield segments to prevent rainwater from entering the tunnel through the portal, breaking the preset position of the portal after the sealing device is installed, and excavating from the broken portal by using the shield machine, the excavated dregs are discharged while being excavated in the excavation process, the tunnel opening and the excavation speed of the shield machine are increased, the tunnel excavation efficiency is improved, and the problem of low tunnel construction efficiency in the prior art is solved.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides a hole construction method, which is applied to the construction of an initial hole of a tunnel, and comprises the following steps: reinforcing the end part of the initial opening, wherein the reinforcing treatment comprises punching holes in the side wall at the end part of the initial opening and pouring concrete; after the concrete is solidified, installing a starting base of the shield tunneling machine on the outer side of the starting tunnel opening, wherein the starting base is used for supporting the shield tunneling machine; a sealing device is arranged on the outer side of the starting hole and used for stopping rainwater from permeating into the starting hole; breaking the initial opening; and the shield machine starts tunneling from the broken starting tunnel portal to excavate the tunnel.
The tunnel opening construction method of the invention is mainly applied to an initial end of a tunnel and is used for constructing the opening of the tunnel before excavation of the tunnel, and comprises the steps of firstly marking according to a preset tunnel opening position to reinforce the position of the opening, a foundation above the opening and the periphery of the opening, then installing an initial base of a shield machine at the bottom of the opening position, fixing the initial base at the opening of the tunnel, extending a certain distance outside the opening to arrange a sealing device, enabling the shield machine to enter the tunnel for construction through the sealing device, connecting the sealing device with the shield machine or assembled shield segments to prevent rainwater from entering the tunnel through the opening, after the sealing device is installed, beginning to break the preset opening position, then excavating from the broken opening by using the shield machine, and discharging excavated dregs while excavating in the excavating process, the tunnel opening and the breaking speed are increased, the tunnel excavation efficiency is improved, and the problem of low tunnel construction efficiency in the prior art is solved.
And reinforcing the end part of the starting hole by adopting double-pipe rotary spraying.
The starting tunnel portal is reinforced by adopting a double-pipe high-pressure rotary jet mode, after the tunnel portal is reinforced, the tunnel portal is pushed by the shield machine, the arch crown is enough to bear upper load, and the arch crown is enough to resist side pressure, so that the shield construction is ensured to be carried out smoothly.
And installing embedded parts for connecting with the originating base during reinforcing treatment of the end part of the originating hole.
When the end part of the starting opening is reinforced, embedded bolts used for being connected with the starting base are embedded, and the requirements on the positions and the number of the embedded bolts are determined before the embedded bolts so as to be connected with the starting base.
After the starting base is fixed at the starting tunnel opening, a reaction frame is arranged on the starting base and used for providing recoil force for the shield tunneling machine during initial movement.
After the starting base is fixed at the starting tunnel portal through the embedded bolts, the reaction frame is installed and fixed on the starting base and used for providing thrust for the shield tunneling machine when the shield tunneling machine starts to work and move so that the shield tunneling machine can advance to the tunnel portal for excavation.
The installation of the reaction frame is carried out after the tail shield is installed and before the tail shield is connected with the connecting bridge, and the shield starting reaction frame is of an assembled full-circle steel frame structure so as to ensure enough rigidity. When the reaction frame is installed, the central line of the initial mileage section at the position of the reaction frame is firstly measured and marked on the side wall of the initial well, so that the center of the reaction frame is positioned, and the center of the reaction frame is lifted simultaneously with the lifting of the initial base. The key of the positioning is that the positioning plane of the reaction frame abutting against the negative ring pipe piece is vertical to the tunnel axis.
And after the reaction frame is installed, the negative ring duct piece and the jack are installed, and the negative ring duct piece is arranged between the reaction frame and the jack so as to provide a reaction force for the shield tunneling machine when the shield tunneling machine is pushed forwards. After the installation of the negative ring pipe piece is completed, the shield machine is installed on the starting base, and one end of the shield machine is abutted to the reaction frame.
And after the reaction frame is installed, a negative ring duct piece and a jack for pushing the shield tunneling machine to move are installed, the negative ring duct piece is temporarily arranged, and the jack is jacked on the negative ring duct piece to push the shield tunneling machine to move towards the direction of the tunnel starting tunnel entrance.
The sealing device comprises a sealing curtain, the sealing curtain is arranged around the starting tunnel opening, and the sealing curtain is used for being connected with a shield machine or a shield segment to seal the starting tunnel opening.
In the embodiment, the sealing device is shielded in the starting tunnel mouth in a sealing curtain mode, the sealing curtain is made of rubber materials and is annularly arranged on the side wall of the starting tunnel mouth, the sealing curtain and a shield pipe piece installed on the shield tunneling machine seal the starting tunnel mouth together to prevent rainwater or other impurities from entering between the inner wall of the tunnel and the shield pipe piece and influencing the strength of a concrete structure at the starting tunnel mouth, and lubricating oil is coated on the outer sides of a peripheral cutter head and a curtain cloth rubber plate before the shield tunneling machine enters a reserved tunnel mouth to prevent the cutter head of the shield tunneling machine from breaking the curtain cloth rubber plate to influence the sealing effect.
The method for breaking the initial hole comprises the following steps: measuring and positioning the central line of an originating tunnel opening of the tunnel; dividing the initial opening into a plurality of blocks by taking the central line of the initial opening as a center for construction; the plurality of blocks of the originating opening are excavated in sequence in a preset order.
And adopting an air pick to cut the initial opening, and spraying plain concrete to protect soil between piles at the initial opening of the tunnel during cutting.
When constructing a plurality of blocks of the starting hole, the construction is carried out according to the sequence of top to bottom and two sides to middle.
The tunnel portal breaking work is chiseling work on the related building enclosing structures such as cast-in-situ bored piles in the steel ring of the tunnel portal after the shield meets the starting condition for acceptance. The method for breaking the tunnel portal adopts a manual pneumatic pick. When the concrete of the tunnel door is chiseled, a scaffold is erected and a wood board is laid. And (4) before the tunnel portal is chiseled, horizontal hole probing and coring are carried out, and whether the condition that the end reinforcing body is good or not is checked.
Before the initial opening is chiseled, a simple platform is firstly erected by using a steel pipe, 4 layers are erected on the platform, and the steel pipe extends into the opening of the initial opening, so that the manual air pick is facilitated to chiseling the opening concrete.
And accurately measuring and positioning the central line of the tunnel portal at the end of the originating portal. When the portal is chiseled, the portal is divided into grids in a # -shape, then the concrete is chiseled one by the principle of 'from bottom to top, from two sides to the middle' by holding the pneumatic pick manually, and the chiseling thickness is about 0.4 m. And plain concrete is sprayed to protect the soil between the piles in the breaking process, so that the soil between the piles is prevented from sliding off in the breaking process. The tunnel door chiseling sequence is strictly constructed according to the sequence from top to bottom, two sides and the middle.
The simple platform is removed after chiseling construction is finished, the negative ring duct pieces are assembled quickly, the shield tunneling machine reaches the face, and instability and collapse caused by exposure of the face for a long time are avoided.
The following problems can be solved in the construction of the opening of the invention:
(1) when the temporarily erected scaffold is unstable, the construction is stopped and the additional cross braces are required;
(2) when water leakage occurs between the enclosing piles, wood wedges and polyurethane are adopted for grouting to block the water leakage position;
(3) when the problem of large-area water leakage occurs at the end face of the starting hole, the physical constitution is adopted to cut and break the work, and a double-liquid grouting method is adopted to block the water leakage position;
(4) when the soil body is greatly displaced after being broken, square timbers or section steels are adopted to support the displacement position, and then the soil body at the displacement position is reinforced;
(5) when soil body seepage water occurs, profile steel is adopted for supporting, concrete spraying and double-liquid grouting.
The tunnel opening construction method of the invention is mainly applied to an initial end of a tunnel and is used for constructing the opening of the tunnel before excavation of the tunnel, and comprises the steps of firstly marking according to a preset tunnel opening position to reinforce the position of the opening, a foundation above the opening and the periphery of the opening, then installing an initial base of a shield machine at the bottom of the opening position, fixing the initial base at the opening of the tunnel, extending a certain distance outside the opening to arrange a sealing device, enabling the shield machine to enter the tunnel for construction through the sealing device, connecting the sealing device with the shield machine or assembled shield segments to prevent rainwater from entering the tunnel through the opening, after the sealing device is installed, beginning to break the preset opening position, then excavating from the broken opening by using the shield machine, and discharging excavated dregs while excavating in the excavating process, the tunnel opening and the breaking speed are increased, the tunnel excavation efficiency is improved, and the problem of low tunnel construction efficiency in the prior art is solved.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hole construction method is applied to the construction of an initial hole of a tunnel, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
reinforcing the end of the originating opening, the reinforcing including perforating and pouring concrete into the sidewall at the end of the originating opening;
after the concrete is solidified, installing a starting base of a shield machine on the outer side of the starting tunnel opening, wherein the starting base is used for supporting the shield machine;
installing a sealing device outside the starting hole, wherein the sealing device is used for stopping rainwater from permeating into the starting hole;
breaking the initial hole;
and the shield machine starts tunneling from the broken starting tunnel portal to excavate the tunnel.
2. The opening construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end reinforcement treatment of the originating opening is performed by using a double pipe rotary spraying.
3. The opening construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an embedded part for connection with the originating base is installed at the time of end reinforcement treatment of the originating opening.
4. The opening construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the starting foundation is fixed to the starting opening, a reaction frame is installed on the starting foundation, and the reaction frame is used for providing the shield tunneling machine with a recoil force during initial movement.
5. The opening construction method according to claim 4, wherein a negative ring segment and a jack are installed after the reaction frame is installed, and the negative ring segment is arranged between the reaction frame and the jack to provide a reaction force to the shield tunneling machine when the shield tunneling machine advances forward.
6. The opening construction method according to claim 5, wherein after the installation of the negative collar piece is completed, the shield machine is installed on the starting foundation with one end of the shield machine abutting against the reaction frame.
7. The opening construction method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the sealing device comprises a sealing curtain arranged around the originating opening, the sealing curtain being adapted to be connected with the shield machine or shield segments for sealing the originating opening.
8. The opening construction method according to claim 1, wherein the method for breaking the initial opening comprises the following steps:
measuring a centerline locating an originating opening of the tunnel;
dividing the initial opening into a plurality of blocks by taking the central line of the initial opening as a center for construction;
and sequentially excavating the plurality of blocks of the starting hole according to a preset sequence.
9. The hole construction method according to claim 8, wherein the initial hole construction is carried out by cutting with a pneumatic pick, and the soil between piles at the initial hole of the tunnel is protected by spraying plain concrete while cutting.
10. The opening construction method according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of blocks of the starting opening are constructed in the order of top to bottom and both sides to middle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911261787.6A CN111058860A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Cave opening construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911261787.6A CN111058860A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Cave opening construction method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111058860A true CN111058860A (en) | 2020-04-24 |
Family
ID=70300540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911261787.6A Pending CN111058860A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Cave opening construction method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN111058860A (en) |
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Application publication date: 20200424 |