CN111058196B - 一种嵌入长丝的薄型短纤非织造布制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种嵌入长丝的薄型短纤非织造布的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:开清处理、二梳成网、长丝喂入、直铺成型成布、切边分切,其中长丝喂入阶段,在上下纤网片传送帘中间的空档区,加装了横向长丝喂入装置或同时加装了纵向长丝喂入装置,上下纤网随传送帘行进时,将长丝引入下纤网片上,上下纤网以直铺方式在交汇处引入转移传送帘上,并叠合成二合一纤网片,纤网片挟持着横向长丝条或同时挟持着纵横向长丝条进入成型成布段;采用本发明的工艺制备的嵌入长丝的非织造布与同规格常规工艺所制备的非织造布相比较,强力更高,断裂强力大幅提高,应用范围更广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于非织造布制造领域,具体涉及一种嵌入长丝的薄型短纤非织造布制备方法。
背景技术
薄型短纤非织造布是一种选用短纤维经过开清处理,梳理成网,热轧或热风或水刺等方法制备的单位面积质量较轻的布料,该非织造布以低廉的生产成本和结构特性,被广泛应用于纺织服装、空气净化、液体过滤、一次性卫生用品等领域。短纤非织造布选用的短纤维主要为:石油基合成纤维、纯天然纤维、生物质合成纤维,其中生物质合成纤维是近年来市场上推出的一种可完全生物降解的新型纤维,由于其绿色环保的特性,未来将成为一次性卫生用品的首选。
现有单位面积质量<25g/㎡的薄型短纤非织造布的制备方法,普遍采用的是二梳直铺热轧或热风或水刺工艺流程,具体为选用线密度1.5~3dtex,长度32~51mm的短纤维经开清处理后,由输棉风机将松散的纤维分别引入上纤网梳理的棉箱喂棉机,和下纤网梳理的棉箱喂棉机,棉箱喂棉机罗拉将纤维按工艺定量引入梳理机,上、下梳理机分别将纤维梳理成工艺幅宽的絮片状的纤网片,并由出棉辊按工艺速度引入上下纤网片传送帘的面上,上下纤网片随传送帘工艺速度同步前行,并以直铺方式到达上下纤网片交汇处转移叠合并给在转移传送帘上,上下纤网片直铺叠合后的二合一纤网片由传送帘引入热轧,或热风或水刺成型,并卷取出工艺幅宽和单位面积质量的毛边布卷,引出生产线的毛边布卷经分切机切边并分切成指定宽度的布卷。
直铺工艺制备的薄型非织造布的单位面积质量g/㎡的偏差较小,但横向断裂强力很低,其原因是杂乱无序的短纤维在梳理过程中,被梳理成纤维长度方向与纤网片运动方向相同且分布均匀排列整齐的絮片状纤网,该纤网横向短纤维条之间缺少交叉或杂乱,导致横向断裂强力受限。
由于直铺工艺制备的非织造布存在的缺陷,因而限制了应用市场的选择,特别是用于一次性卫生用品的可生物降解的热轧和热风布,该布用于一次性卫生用品的面层,在二年的货架期内,其热粘结抱合力逐渐衰减,导致断裂强力损失在50%左右,商品在使用过程中面层存在撕裂的风险。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的问题,对现有工艺进行进一步优化,本发明提供一种嵌入长丝的薄型短纤非织造布制备方法,以实现以下发明目的:
1、提高横向断裂强力
2、提高纵向断裂强力
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种嵌入长丝的薄型短纤非织造布制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)开清处理:在市售二梳直铺热轧法、或二梳直铺热风法、或二梳直铺水刺法薄型短纤非织造布生产线上,短纤维由人工或自动抓棉并投入开清处理段,经过开清处理后的松散短纤维由输棉风机引入梳理成网区段的二台棉箱喂棉机;
(2)二梳成网:上纤网棉箱喂棉机和下纤网棉箱喂棉机将短纤维处理成絮片状网片并分别引入上纤网梳理机和下纤网梳理机,短纤维经过梳理后,成为其纤维长度方向与纤网运动方向重合排列且分布均匀的工艺幅宽的纤网片,由出棉辊引入上下纤网片的传送帘上;
(3)长丝喂入:在上纤网片传送帘和下纤网片传送帘中间的空档区,加装了市售定制的横向长丝喂入装置,或同时加装了纵向长丝喂入装置,其中横向长丝喂入装置的N个喂入器携带着来自生产线两侧支架上N个丝饼退绕出的N根长丝做垂直于网片运动方向的横向往复喂丝,并使横向长丝条有序排列并停留在下纤网片的上表面上,或停留在携带着纵向长丝条的下纤网片的表面上;其中纵向长丝喂入装置的N个横向排列并具有张力平衡功能的等工艺间距的导丝啳,内孔中引入的放置在生产线两侧支架上的N个丝饼退绕出的N根长丝,在成型成布卷布的拽引下随下纤网同步前行并附着在下纤网片上;下纤网片携带着横向或同时携带着纵向的长丝条与上纤网片随上下传送帘工艺速度同步前行,并以直铺方式到达上下纤网片交汇处转移叠合并给在转移传送帘上,上下纤网片直铺叠合后的二合一纤网片挟持着横向长丝条或同时挟持着纵横向长丝条,由传送帘引入成型成布段;
所述加装市售定制的横向长丝喂入装置的N个喂入器,携带着N根长丝作横向往复喂丝,其N个喂入器的排列间距<25mm,其往复速度≥6m/s,喂入器携带的长丝在每个往复动作到达幅宽方向的终点折返时被二侧喂入装置的握住机构握住并循环重复,N个喂入器组成的机构在作横向往复运动的同时作纵向工艺距离的往复移动,其前行速度与上下纤网传送帘同步;其折返速度≥4m/s;其横向往复动作频率是纵向往复动作频率的1/2;其横向与纵向往复的折返点同步,N个喂入器携带的长丝在机构的往复运动中停留在下纤网的面上,并在前行中被二侧装置的剪刀所切断,随喂入机构纵向往复移动同步的二侧长丝握住机构,在长丝切断的瞬间,其张力缓释机构将长丝的张力缓慢释放,并使与幅宽相同长度的长丝条在无弯曲松弛状态下停留在下纤网片上,长丝在二侧切断后产生的尾丝由二侧装置的吸丝器将尾丝吸入废丝桶中;
所述其中纵向长丝喂入装置的N个横向排列并具有张力平衡功能的等工艺间距的导丝啳,其N个导丝啳在横向幅宽长度内均匀排列,其间距为>25mm,长丝的喂入速度与上下纤网片传送帘同步,退绕出的N根长丝通过N个导丝啳张力平衡后无弯曲,直线停留在下纤网的面上并同步前行,其长丝条的长度与布卷展开长度相等;
所述长丝条,为FDY长丝复丝或DTY弹丝复丝,线密度为>56dtex;其材料为石油基或生物质合成纤维,横向长丝条间距为<25mm,纵向长丝条间距为>25mm,长丝条单位面积质量占总重量的<5%;
(4)直铺成型成布:在市售的二梳直铺热轧法薄型非织造布生产线上,上纤网和下线网转移叠合成二合一直铺纤网片,该二合一纤网片挟持着横向长丝条或同时挟持着纵向和横向长丝条,由传送帘以直铺方式引入表面温度>100℃,辊表面速度>40m/min的对轧热辊中间的缝隙中,热辊在工艺速度的旋转运动中将蓬松的纤网片压轧粘热合成型并卷取出指定幅宽的毛边热轧布卷;
或在市售的二梳直铺热风法薄型非织造布生产线上,挟持着横向或同时挟持着纵向和横向长丝条的二合一直铺纤网片,由传送帘引入隧道式热风成型箱内的网格传送帘上,并随着网格传送帘前行,隧道内温度为>100℃,网格帘速度>40m/min的自上而下流动的循环热风,将附着在隧道内水平方向的网格传送帘上行进的纤网片吹压热粘,附着在网格传送帘上的纤网在工艺速度的行进中热粘合成型并卷取出指定幅宽的毛边热风布卷;
或在市售的二梳直铺水刺法薄型非织造布生产线上,挟持着横向或同时挟持着纵向和横向长丝条的二合一直铺纤网片,由传送帘引入预湿速度>40m/min的圆刺托网并进入水刺区段,N个水刺头喷出的高压水针对纤网片实施正反水刺,使其互相缠结加固成湿布,并引入圆网烘燥成型卷取出指定幅宽的毛边水刺布卷;
所述热轧、热风布为使用热轧法和热风法制备的短纤非织造布,其短纤维材料为石油基或生物质合成的可熔融高分子材料;其单纤维为:双组份皮芯结构,其中皮层熔点125-145℃,芯层熔点为170-260℃,皮层与皮芯的体积比为30-50-/50-70,皮层与皮芯的工艺搭配温差为40-130℃;其规格为线密度1.5dtex-3dtex,纤维长度32-51mm。
所述水刺布为使用水刺法制备的短纤非织造布,其短纤维的材料为:纯天然纤维,石油基或生物质合成纤维;其规格为:线密度1.3-3dtex,长度为32-51mm。
(5)切边分切:将移出生产线的毛边布卷在市售分切机上切去二侧毛边并分切成指定宽度的成品布卷。
本发明在成品布卷中嵌入横向或纵横向长丝条并与短纤面层成为一体的短纤非织造布,其嵌入的长丝成为了面层的加强筋,其长丝的抗拉强力与短纤面层的抗拉强力相迭加复合后,可提高直铺法生产的非织造布的横向强力或纵横向强力,布层的断裂强力大幅提高。
采用上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果为:
1、在直铺工艺制备的薄型短纤非织造布的布层中间嵌入的长丝成为了布面加强筋,其长丝的断裂强力与短纤布层的断裂强力相迭加,使断裂强力得到大幅提高,在克重17g/m2的薄型短纤非织造布中,热轧法非织造布的横向断裂强力达到9N,纵向断裂强力达到21N;热风法非织造布的横向断裂强力达到8-9N,纵向断裂强力达到23-34N,水刺法非织造布的纵向、横向断裂强力均达到21N,进而使应用市场有了更多的选择。
2、采用本发明的制备方法制得的热粘合薄型短纤非织造布的布层中间嵌入的长丝成为了布面加强筋,其长丝的断裂强力补偿了因降解老化造成的布层断裂强力衰减,通过室温条件下存放期二年,对样布进行热粘结抱合力衰减快速老化测试,结果显示,断裂强力仍能满足使用要求,解决了一次性卫生用品面层热结合力衰减的问题,加快了可生物降解材料在一次性卫生用品领域的拓展,并减少其废弃物对环境的污染。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体的实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1 一种嵌入长丝的薄型短纤非织造布制备方法
选用线密度1.3dtex,长度为32mm,皮层为熔点130℃的PE,芯层为熔点170℃的PP,皮层/芯层的体积比为30/70的双组份皮芯结构短纤维,在市售二梳直铺热轧法幅宽为2650mm并加装了市售定制的横向长丝喂入装置的生产线上,将其开清并顺次引入;二梳成网,上下纤网片直铺传送,横向长丝喂入,上下纤网片转移叠合,二合一纤网片传送,辊表面温度为125℃,辊表面速度为100m/min的对轧热辊成型,卷取出规格为17g/㎡,幅宽为2650mm的毛边布卷,取样检测:横向长丝条间距为16.7mm,横向喂入的长丝为PET83dtex的DTY弹丝复丝、横向长丝条单位面积质量占比3%,短纤单位面积质量占比97%,外观平滑柔软,布面阴影横向长丝条排列整齐,内在质量指标见表1。
实施例2
选用丝密度1.7dtex,长度为45mm,皮层为熔点130℃的PE,芯层为熔点260℃的PET,皮层/芯层的体积比为50/50的双组份皮芯结构短纤维,在市售二梳直铺热风法幅宽为2650mm并加装了市售定制的横向长丝喂入装置的生产线上将其开清,并顺次引入:二梳成网,上下纤网片直铺传送,横向长丝喂入,上下纤网片转移叠合,二合一纤网片直铺传送,风温为125℃,网格帘速度为80m/min的隧道式热风成型箱成型,卷取出规格为20g/㎡、幅宽为2650mm的毛边布卷,取样检测:横向长丝条间距为16.7mm,横向喂入的长丝为PET83dtex的DTY弹丝复丝,横向长丝条单位面积质量占比2.5%,短纤单位面积质量占比97.5%,外观平滑柔软,布面阴影横向长丝条排列整齐,内在质量指标见表2。
实施例3
选用线密度3dtex,长度为51mm的PET短纤维,在市售二梳直铺水刺法幅宽为2650mm并加装了市售定制的横向长丝喂入装置的生产线上,将其开清并顺次引入:二梳成网,上下纤网片直铺传送,横向长丝喂入,上下纤网片转移叠合,二合一纤网片直铺传送,速度为60m/min的圆刺托网预湿,水刺,圆网烘燥成型,卷取出规格为25g/㎡,幅宽为2650mm的毛边布卷,取样检测:横向丝条间距为25mm,横向喂入的长丝为PET125dtex的DTY弹丝复丝、横向长丝条单位面积质量占比2%,短纤单位面积质量占比98%,外观平滑柔软,布面阴影横向长丝条排列整齐,内在质量指标见表3。
实施例4
选用丝密度1.7dtex,长度为38mm,皮层为熔点125℃低熔点的PLA,芯层为熔点175℃的普通PLA,皮层/芯层的体积比为35/65的双组份皮芯结构的可生物降解短纤维,在市售二梳直铺热风法幅宽为2650mm并加装了市售定制的纵向和横向长丝喂入装置的生产线上,将其开清,并顺次引入:二梳成网,上下纤网片直铺传送,纵向长丝喂入,横向长丝喂入,上下纤网片转移叠合,二合一纤网片直铺传送,风温为120℃网格帘速度为70m/min的隧道式热风成型箱成型,卷取出规格为20g/㎡、幅宽为2650mm的毛边布卷,取样检测:纵向长丝条间距为25mm,纵向喂入的长丝为PET83dtex的DTY弹丝复丝,纵向长丝条单位面积质量占比1.7%,横向长丝条间距为16.7mm,横向喂入的长丝为PET56dtex的FDY长丝复丝,横向长丝条单位面积质量占比1.7%,短纤单位面积质量占比96.6%,外观平滑柔软,布面阴影纵横向长丝条排列整齐,内在质量指标见表2。
实施例5
选用丝密度1.9dtex,长度为38mm,皮层为熔点130℃低熔点的PLA,芯层为熔点175℃的普通PLA,皮层/芯层的体积比为35/65的双组份皮芯结构的可生物降解短纤维,在市售二梳直铺热风法幅宽为2650mm并加装了市售定制的纵向和横向长丝喂入装置的生产线上,将其开清,并顺次引入:二梳成网,上下纤网片直铺传送,纵向长丝喂入,横向长丝喂入,上下纤网片转移叠合,二合一纤网片直铺传送,风温为125℃网格帘速度为60m/min的隧道式热风成型箱成型,卷取出规格为25g/㎡、幅宽为2650mm的毛边布卷,取样检测:纵向长丝条间距为25mm,纵向喂入的长丝为PLA111dtex的DTY弹丝复丝,纵向长丝条单位面积质量占比1.8%,横向长丝条间距为16.7mm,横向喂入的长丝为PLA83dtex的DTY弹丝复丝,横向长丝条单位面积质量占比2%,短纤单位面积质量占比96.2%,外观平滑柔软,布面阴影纵横向长丝条排列整齐,内在质量指标见表2。
对比例1
选用线密度2dtex,长度为38mm,皮层为熔点130℃的低熔点PLA,皮芯为熔点175℃的普通PLA,皮层/芯层的体积比为35/65的双组份皮芯结构的可生物降解短纤维,在市售二梳直铺热风法,幅宽为2650mm的生产线上,将其开清并顺次引入:二梳成网,上下纤网片直铺转移叠合,二合一纤网片直铺传送,风温为125℃网格帘速度为60m/min的隧道式热风成型箱成型,卷取出规格为25g/㎡,幅宽为2650mm的常规热风法布卷,未经过长丝喂入,取样检测:外观平滑柔软,内在质量指标见表2。
实施例1-3中,喂入横向长丝条的薄型非织造布的横向断裂强力明显提高。
实施例4-5中,选用可生物降解的纤维,制备的薄型非织造布的横向断裂强力指标,经取样检测显示,其中喂入长丝条的实施例4-5的强力明显高于未喂入长丝条的对比例1的断裂强力。经快速老化测试显示,其中实施例4-5喂入长丝的可生物降解的断裂强力在2年的货架期间内,能满足一次性卫生用品的使用要求,未喂入长丝的对比例1的常规可生物降解非织造布的断裂强力在2年的货架期间内断裂强力大幅降低,存在商品在使用过程中产生布面撕裂的风险。
表1短纤热轧法非织造布测试结果
表2热风法非织造布测试结果
表3水刺法非织造布测试结果
表4 存放期二年的粘结抱合力衰减快速老化测试结果
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种嵌入长丝的薄型短纤非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)开清处理:在市售二梳直铺热轧或热风或水刺法薄型短纤维非织造布生产线上,将开清处理后的短纤维由输棉风机引入梳理成网区段的二台棉箱喂棉机;
(2)二梳成网:二台棉箱喂棉机分别将短纤引入上下纤网梳理机,梳理出的纤网片分别引入上下纤网片的传送帘上;
(3)长丝喂入:在上纤网传送帘和下纤网传送帘中间的空档区,加装长丝喂入装置,上下纤网随传送帘行进时,长丝喂入装置将长丝引入下纤网片上,上下纤网以直铺方式在交汇处引入转移传送帘上,长丝嵌入在布层中间并与布层成为一体,叠合成二合一纤网片,纤网片挟持着长丝条进入成型成布段;
(4)直铺成型成布:二合一纤网片由转移传送帘以直铺方式引入热轧或热风或水刺成型成布段,并卷取出热轧或热风或水刺毛边布卷;
热轧、热风布为使用热轧法、热风法制备的短纤非织造布,其短纤维材料为:石油基或生物质合成的可熔融高分子材料;其单纤维为:双组份皮芯结构,其中皮层熔点125-145℃,芯层熔点为170-260℃,皮层与芯层的体积比为30-50/50-70,皮层与芯层的工艺搭配温差为40-130℃;其规格为线密度1.5dtex-3dtex,纤维长度32-51mm;
水刺布为使用水刺法制备的短纤非织造布,其短纤维的材料为:纯天然纤维,石油基或生物质合成纤维;其规格为线密度1.3-3dtex,长度为32-51mm;
热轧法薄型非织造布,热压辊表面温度为>100℃,辊表面速度>40m/min;
热风法薄型非织造布,风温为>100℃,隧道式热风成型箱网格帘速度为>40m/min;
水刺法薄型非织造布,圆刺托网预湿速度为>40m/min;
(5)切边分切:将移出生产线的毛边布卷在市售分切机上切去二侧毛边,并分切成指定宽度的成品布卷;在克重17g/m2时,热轧法薄型非织造布的横向断裂强力达到9N,纵向断裂强力达到21N;热风法薄型非织造布的横向断裂强力达到8-9N,纵向断裂强力达到23-34N;水刺法薄型非织造布的纵向、横向断裂强力均达到21N;
所述长丝喂入,长丝为FDY长丝复丝或DTY弹丝复丝,线密度为>56dtex,其材料为石油基或生物质合成纤维,横向长丝条间距为<25mm,纵向长丝条间距为>25mm;
所述长丝喂入,仅加装横向长丝喂入装置,或同时加装纵向和横向长丝喂入装置;
所述同时加装纵向和横向长丝喂入装置,其中纵向排列的横向长丝条的长度与幅宽相等,横向排列的纵向长丝条的长度与卷布展开长相等。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,已嵌入长丝的单位面积的非织造布总质量中,其长丝条的总质量占比<5%。
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