CN111058029A - Laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating tempering and laser cladding method thereof - Google Patents
Laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating tempering and laser cladding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111058029A CN111058029A CN201911324046.8A CN201911324046A CN111058029A CN 111058029 A CN111058029 A CN 111058029A CN 201911324046 A CN201911324046 A CN 201911324046A CN 111058029 A CN111058029 A CN 111058029A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding head capable of simultaneously carrying out preheating tempering and a laser cladding method thereof. The laser cladding head comprises a shell and a laser head; a preheating beam splitter, a processing beam splitter and a tempering reflector are arranged in the shell; the laser processing device can adopt the same incident laser beam, and after the light splitting treatment of the preheating beam splitter, the processing beam splitter and the tempering reflector, the respectively obtained reflected laser beams can be focused on the part to be processed of the workpiece, so that the processing layer formed on the surface of the workpiece can be preheated, clad and tempered at each moment along the thickness increasing direction according to the time progress, thereby greatly reducing the higher residual stress caused by the rapid heating and rapid cooling of the traditional laser processing, and reducing the crack sensitivity and the tissue component nonuniformity of the cladding layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a matching device of laser processing equipment, relates to a laser cladding head, and particularly relates to a laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating tempering and a laser cladding method thereof.
Background
Laser cladding is to add cladding material on the surface of a base material, and to simultaneously melt the cladding material and the base material by using high-energy laser beams to form a metallurgical bonding cladding layer. The laser cladding can obviously improve the characteristics of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of the base material.
In the laser cladding process, due to the fact that an overlarge temperature gradient is generated by rapid heating and rapid cooling, a cladding layer has large residual stress, high cracking sensitivity and high tissue nonuniformity.
Chinese patent 201710239927.4 discloses a multi-angle preheating tempering type laser cladding head, wherein the tempering laser head and the preheating laser head of the cladding head adopt an outward-extending structure relative to the cladding laser head, that is, light output from the tempering laser head, the preheating laser head and the cladding laser head cannot be converged to the same processing part of a workpiece, that is, preheating, cladding and tempering of a cladding layer of the workpiece cannot be performed synchronously, so that the texture structure of the obtained processing layer cannot be as uniform as expected. Meanwhile, the preheating beam and the tempering beam of the cladding head are both split by the laser beam split by the beam splitter arranged in the forward direction of the parallel incident laser beam, so that only the preheating beam or the tempering beam cannot be selected in the processing process, and the influence of preheating or tempering on the final performance of the cladding layer is further researched.
Chinese patent 201820772393.1 discloses a spot-variable cladding head, in which the shape of a laser spot is changed by converting a lens disc, the surface of a workpiece cannot be preheated and tempered, and the stress of a cladding layer is too large and the structure is non-uniform due to rapid heating and cooling of a single laser; the device also does not allow the power of the machining laser to be varied by switching the lens discs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention can preheat the processing position and temper the cladding layer at the same time, greatly reduces the higher residual stress caused by the rapid heating and rapid cooling of the traditional laser processing, and can reduce the crack sensitivity and the tissue component nonuniformity of the cladding layer.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating and tempering comprises a shell and a laser head arranged on the shell; the laser head comprises a preheating laser head, a processing laser head and a tempering laser head; a preheating beam splitter, a processing beam splitter and a tempering reflector are arranged in the shell;
the preheating beam splitter can be positioned on the light path of the incident laser beam emitted into the shell; the incident laser beam projected onto the preheating beam splitter can be divided into a transmission beam A and a reflection laser beam A according to the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter; the reflected laser beam A can be emitted from the preheating laser head after being focused by a preheating focusing mirror assembled in the preheating laser head;
the processing beam splitter can be positioned on the light path of the transmission beam A; the transmission beam A projected on the processing beam splitter can be divided into a transmission beam B and a reflection beam B according to the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter; the reflected laser beam B can be emitted from the processing laser head after being focused by a processing focusing mirror assembled in the processing laser head;
the tempering reflector can be positioned on the light path of the transmitted beam B; the transmitted light beam B projected on the tempering reflector can be reflected to a tempering focusing mirror assembled in the tempering laser head, focused by the tempering focusing mirror and then emitted from the tempering laser head;
the light emitted from the preheating laser head, the light emitted from the processing laser head and the light emitted from the tempering laser head can be converged to the part to be processed of the workpiece.
Furthermore, a preheating mirror switching mechanism is arranged in the shell, and the number of the preheating beam splitters is at least two; the preheating mirror switching mechanism comprises a rotatable preheating mirror turntable, and preheating beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the preheating mirror turntable in the circumferential direction; each preheating beam splitter can be alternatively positioned on the light path of the incident laser beam in the shell under the driving of the rotation of the preheating mirror turntable.
Furthermore, a processing mirror switching mechanism is arranged in the shell, and the number of the processing beam splitters is at least two; the processing mirror switching mechanism comprises a rotatable processing mirror turntable, and processing beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the processing mirror turntable in the circumferential direction; each processing beam splitter can be alternatively positioned on the light path of the transmission light beam A under the drive of the rotation of the processing mirror turntable.
Further, a tempering mirror switching mechanism is arranged in the shell; the number of the tempering reflecting mirrors is at least two; the tempering mirror switching mechanism comprises a rotatable tempering mirror rotating disc, and tempering mirrors are uniformly distributed on the tempering mirror rotating disc in the circumferential direction; each tempering reflector can be alternatively positioned on the light path of the transmission beam B under the drive of the rotation of the tempering reflector turntable.
Furthermore, the preheating mirror turntable is rotatably arranged in the shell through a preheating mirror rotating shaft; the preheating mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the preheating mirror rotating disc, and the preheating beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the preheating mirror rotating disc at the periphery of the preheating mirror rotating shaft;
the processing mirror rotating disc is rotatably arranged in the shell through a processing mirror rotating shaft; the processing mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the processing mirror rotating disc, and the processing beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the processing mirror rotating disc at the periphery of the processing mirror rotating shaft;
the tempering mirror rotating disc is rotatably arranged in the shell through a tempering mirror rotating shaft; the tempering mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the tempering mirror rotating disc, and the tempering mirrors are uniformly distributed on the tempering mirror rotating disc on the periphery of the tempering mirror rotating shaft.
Furthermore, an included angle α is formed between the plane where the preheating beam splitter is located and the incident laser beam, an included angle β is formed between the plane where the processing beam splitter is located and the transmitted light beam A, an included angle γ is formed between the plane where the tempering mirror is located and the transmitted light beam B, the included angle α is smaller than 45 degrees, the included angle β is 45 degrees, and the included angle γ is larger than 45 degrees.
Furthermore, one preheating beam splitter in each preheating beam splitter is a full lens.
Furthermore, one processing beam splitter is a full lens.
Further, one of the tempering mirrors is a full lens.
Another technical object of the present invention is to provide a laser cladding processing method based on the above laser cladding head capable of performing preheating and tempering simultaneously, including the following steps:
(1) high-energy laser is shot into the shell in parallel through the optical fiber and is used as a shot laser beam;
(2) the incident laser beam is projected onto the preheating beam splitter and is divided into a transmission beam A and a reflection laser beam A according to the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter;
wherein: the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter is a1/b1, a1 is the proportion of the transmission light of the preheating beam splitter, b1 is the proportion of the reflection light of the preheating beam splitter, and a1+ b1= 100; the energy of the transmitted laser beam a is a1% of the incident laser beam and the energy of the reflected laser beam a is b1% of the incident laser beam;
the reflected laser beam A is focused by a preheating focusing mirror and then is emitted to the surface of a workpiece from a preheating laser head so as to preheat the surface of the workpiece;
(3) the transmission beam A is projected onto the processing beam splitter and is divided into a transmission beam B and a reflection laser beam B according to the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter;
wherein: the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter is a2/b2, a2 is the ratio of transmitted light of the processing beam splitter, b2 is the ratio of reflected light of the processing beam splitter, and a2+ b2= 100; the energy of the transmitted laser beam B is a1 a2% of the incident laser beam, and the energy of the reflected laser beam B is a 1B 2% of the incident laser beam;
the reflected laser beam B is focused by a processing focusing mirror and then is emitted to the surface of a workpiece from a processing laser head so as to carry out cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece;
(4) the transmitted beam B is projected onto the tempering reflector, reflected to a tempering focusing mirror configured in the tempering laser head according to the reflectivity of the tempering reflector, focused by the tempering focusing mirror, emitted from the tempering laser head to the surface of a cladding layer of a workpiece, and tempered; the reflectivity of the tempering reflector is c%, and the energy of the light reflected to the tempering focusing mirror is a1 a2 c% of the incident laser beam.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, a preheating beam splitter, a processing beam splitter and a tempering reflector are respectively arranged in a shell, so that an incident laser beam is reflected and transmitted by the preheating beam splitter to respectively obtain a reflected laser beam A and a transmitted light beam A; the obtained reflected laser beam A is used as a preheating laser beam of a part to be processed of a workpiece to preheat the part to be processed of the workpiece, the transmitted light ray A is used as an incident light ray of a processing beam splitter, and a reflected laser beam B and a transmitted light ray B are respectively obtained after the reflection and the transmission of the processing beam splitter; the obtained reflected laser beam B is used as a processing laser beam of a part to be processed of the workpiece to carry out cladding processing on the part to be processed of the workpiece, and a cladding layer is formed on the part to be processed of the workpiece; and the transmitted light B is used as the incident light of the tempering reflector, and is reflected by the tempering reflector to obtain tempering laser beams so as to temper the cladding layer of the workpiece. Therefore, the same incident laser beam is adopted, and after the light splitting treatment of the preheating beam splitter, the processing beam splitter and the tempering reflector, the respective obtained reflected laser beams can be focused on the part to be processed of the workpiece, specifically, the incident laser beam input at each moment, the correspondingly obtained preheating laser beam can carry out the preheating treatment on the part to be processed of the workpiece, the preheated part is subjected to the laser cladding processing by the correspondingly obtained processing laser beam to form a laser cladding layer, and the correspondingly obtained tempering laser beam is projected on the laser cladding layer to carry out the tempering treatment, in other words, the processing layer formed on the part to be processed of the workpiece is subjected to the preheating-cladding processing-tempering treatment at each moment along the thickness increasing direction according to the time process, so that the higher residual stress caused by the rapid heating and rapid cooling of the traditional laser processing can be greatly reduced, and can reduce the crack sensitivity of the cladding layer and the nonuniformity of the tissue components.
2. The preheating beam splitter is provided with a plurality of (more than two) preheating beam splitters, and the preheating beam splitters at different positions are switched by the preheating mirror switching mechanism to obtain the reflected laser beam A and the transmitted beam A with different intensities (energies), so that the preheating beam with proper intensity can be obtained to better match the processing requirements of workpieces.
3. The processing beam splitter is provided with a plurality of (more than two) processing beam splitters, and the processing beam splitters at different positions are switched by the processing mirror switching mechanism to obtain the reflected laser beam B and the transmitted beam B with different intensities (energies), so that the processing beam with proper intensity can be obtained to better match the processing requirements of workpieces.
4. The tempering reflector provided by the invention is provided with a plurality of (more than two) tempering reflectors, and the tempering reflectors at different positions are switched by the tempering reflector switching mechanism to obtain reflected laser beams with different intensities (energies), so that a tempering beam with proper intensity can be obtained to better match the processing requirements of workpieces.
5. In the preheating beam splitter, one preheating beam splitter is a full lens, so that when laser beams are input into the shell and the full lens is selected, the part to be processed of the workpiece can be subjected to cladding processing and/or tempering processing under the condition of not preheating.
6. In the processing beam splitter, one processing beam splitter is a full lens, and when the full lens is selected, the part to be processed of the workpiece can be only subjected to preheating treatment or tempering treatment of a cladding layer.
7. In the tempering reflector, one tempering reflector is a full lens, so that when the full lens is selected, the part to be processed of the workpiece can be subjected to preheating processing and/or cladding processing under the condition of not tempering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating and tempering according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic optical path diagram of the laser cladding head of fig. 1;
in FIGS. 1-2: 1. an optical fiber; 2. an incident laser beam; 21. transmitting laser beams A, 22, preheating laser beams; 23. processing a laser beam; 24. transmitting the laser beam B; 25. tempering the laser beam; 3. a preheating mirror switching mechanism; 31. preheating a mirror turntable; 32. preheating a rotating shaft of the mirror; 33. preheating a beam splitter; 4. a machining mirror switching mechanism; 41. processing a mirror turntable; 42. processing a mirror rotating shaft; 43. processing a beam splitter; 5. a tempering mirror switching mechanism; 51. a tempering mirror turntable; 52. a tempering mirror rotating shaft; 53. a tempering mirror; 6. a housing; 61. a laser head; 61-1, preheating a laser head; 61-2, processing a laser head; 61-3, tempering laser head; 7. preheating a focusing mirror; 8. processing a focusing lens; 9. and (4) tempering the focusing mirror.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The relative arrangement of the components and steps, expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be oriented in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations).
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the laser cladding head of the present invention includes a housing and a laser head disposed on the housing; the laser heads are three, namely a preheating laser head, a processing laser head and a tempering laser head; a preheating beam splitter, a processing beam splitter and a tempering reflector are arranged in the shell; wherein:
the preheating beam splitter can be positioned on the light path of the incident laser beam emitted into the shell; the incident laser beam projected onto the preheating beam splitter can be divided into a transmission beam A and a reflection laser beam A according to the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter; the reflected laser beam A can be emitted from the preheating laser head after being focused by a preheating focusing mirror assembled in the preheating laser head so as to preheat the part to be processed of the workpiece. In the invention, in order to ensure that the intensity of the preheating beam projected to the part to be processed of the workpiece is different, preheating beam splitters with different light intensity ratios can be selected, specifically, the preheating beam splitters are provided with a plurality of preheating mirror switching mechanisms, the corresponding preheating mirror switching mechanisms are arranged in the shell, each preheating beam splitter is uniformly distributed on the preheating mirror rotating disk in the circumferential direction, and one preheating beam splitter on the preheating mirror rotating disk is positioned on the light path of the incident laser beam projected into the shell by rotating the preheating mirror rotating disk. In order to enable the part to be processed of the workpiece to be processed to be subjected to subsequent cladding processing and tempering without preheating or to be subjected to preheating processing and then to be subjected to cladding processing and tempering simultaneously, one of the preheating beam splitters is set to be a full lens, and when the preheating beam splitter which is the full lens is positioned on a light path of an incident laser beam, the incident laser beam only generates a transmission beam A and does not generate a reflection laser beam A, or the energy of the generated reflection laser beam A is zero.
The processing beam splitter can be positioned on the light path of the transmission beam A; the transmission beam A projected on the processing beam splitter can be divided into a transmission beam B and a reflection beam B according to the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter; the reflected laser beam B can be emitted from the processing laser head after being focused by a processing focusing mirror assembled in the processing laser head so as to carry out cladding processing treatment on the part to be processed of the workpiece; in the invention, in order to ensure that the intensity of the processing light beams projected to the to-be-processed part of the workpiece is different, processing beam splitters with different light intensity ratios can be selected, specifically, the processing beam splitters are provided with a plurality of processing mirror switching mechanisms, the corresponding processing mirror switching mechanisms are arranged in the shell, the processing mirror switching mechanisms comprise rotatable processing mirror turntables, all the processing beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the processing mirror turntables in the circumferential direction, and one of the processing beam splitters on the processing mirror turntables is positioned on the light path of the transmission light beam B by rotating the processing mirror turntables. In order to only carry out preheating treatment on the part to be processed of the workpiece or only carry out tempering treatment on a cladding layer formed on the part to be processed of the workpiece, one processing beam splitter of the processing beam splitters is set to be a full lens, and when the processing beam splitter which is the full lens is positioned on a light path of a transmission beam A, the transmission beam A only generates the transmission beam B but does not generate a reflection beam B, or the energy of the generated reflection beam B is zero.
The tempering reflector can be positioned on the light path of the transmitted beam B; the transmitted beam B projected on the tempering reflector can be reflected to a tempering focusing mirror assembled in the tempering laser head, and is emitted from the tempering laser head after being focused by the tempering focusing mirror so as to temper a cladding layer formed at the part to be processed of the workpiece; in the invention, in order to ensure that tempering light beams projected on the surface of a cladding layer of a workpiece have different intensities, tempering reflectors with different reflectivities can be selected, specifically, the tempering reflectors are provided with a plurality of corresponding tempering reflector switching mechanisms arranged in a shell, the tempering reflector switching mechanisms comprise rotatable tempering reflector turntables, all the tempering reflectors are uniformly distributed on the tempering reflector turntables in the circumferential direction, and one tempering reflector on the tempering reflector turntables is positioned on a light path of a transmission light beam B by rotating the tempering reflector turntables. In order to enable the cladding layer of the workpiece to be not tempered or only preheated, one of the tempering reflectors is set as a full lens, and when the tempering reflector which is a full lens is positioned on the light path of the transmitted beam B, the transmitted beam B cannot generate a reflected laser beam, or the energy of the generated reflected laser beam is zero, namely the energy of the tempered beam projected to the cladding layer is zero.
To achieve the technical purpose, the plane where the preheating beam splitter is located and the incident laser beam form an included angle α, the plane where the processing beam splitter is located and the transmitted beam A form an included angle β, the plane where the tempering reflector is located and the transmitted beam B form an included angle gamma, the included angle α is smaller than 45 degrees, the included angle β is 45 degrees, and the included angle gamma is larger than 45 degrees.
Furthermore, the preheating mirror turntable is rotatably arranged in the shell through a preheating mirror rotating shaft; the preheating mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the preheating mirror rotating disc, and the preheating beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the preheating mirror rotating disc at the periphery of the preheating mirror rotating shaft; the processing mirror rotating disc is rotatably arranged in the shell through a processing mirror rotating shaft; the processing mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the processing mirror rotating disc, and the processing beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the processing mirror rotating disc at the periphery of the processing mirror rotating shaft; the tempering mirror rotating disc is rotatably arranged in the shell through a tempering mirror rotating shaft; the tempering mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the tempering mirror rotating disc, and the tempering mirrors are uniformly distributed on the tempering mirror rotating disc on the periphery of the tempering mirror rotating shaft.
According to the laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating and tempering, the invention provides a laser cladding processing method, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) high-energy laser is shot into the shell in parallel through the optical fiber and is used as a shot laser beam;
(2) the incident laser beam is projected onto the preheating beam splitter and is divided into a transmission beam A and a reflection laser beam A according to the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter;
wherein: the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter is a1/b1, a1 is the proportion of the transmission light of the preheating beam splitter, b1 is the proportion of the reflection light of the preheating beam splitter, and a1+ b1= 100; the energy of the transmitted laser beam a is a1% of the incident laser beam and the energy of the reflected laser beam a is b1% of the incident laser beam;
the reflected laser beam A is focused by a preheating focusing mirror and then is emitted to the surface of a workpiece from a preheating laser head so as to preheat the surface of the workpiece;
(3) the transmission beam A is projected onto the processing beam splitter and is divided into a transmission beam B and a reflection laser beam B according to the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter;
wherein: the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter is a2/b2, a2 is the ratio of transmitted light of the processing beam splitter, b2 is the ratio of reflected light of the processing beam splitter, and a2+ b2= 100; the energy of the transmitted laser beam B is a1 a2% of the incident laser beam, and the energy of the reflected laser beam B is a 1B 2% of the incident laser beam;
the reflected laser beam B is focused by a processing focusing mirror and then is emitted to the surface of a workpiece from a processing laser head so as to carry out cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece;
(4) the transmitted beam B is projected onto the tempering reflector, reflected to a tempering focusing mirror configured in the tempering laser head according to the reflectivity of the tempering reflector, focused by the tempering focusing mirror, emitted from the tempering laser head to the surface of a cladding layer of a workpiece, and tempered; the reflectivity of the tempering reflector is c%, and the energy of the light reflected to the tempering focusing mirror is a1 a2 c% of the incident laser beam.
Fig. 1 and 2 disclose a specific embodiment of the present invention in detail, and the specific construction and operation of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser cladding head of the present invention can perform preheating and tempering simultaneously. The device mainly comprises an optical fiber 1, a preheating mirror switching mechanism 3, two preheating beam splitters 33, a processing mirror switching mechanism 4, two processing mirror turntables 41, a tempering mirror switching mechanism 5, two tempering reflectors 53, a preheating focusing mirror 7, a processing focusing mirror 8 and a tempering focusing mirror 9. The optical fiber 1 is used for transmitting high-energy laser, and the preheating mirror switching mechanism 3 can switch the preheating beam splitter 33 so as to provide preheating laser beams 22 with different intensities for the laser cladding head; the processing mirror switching mechanism 4 can switch the processing beam splitter 43 to provide the processing laser beams 23 with different intensities for the laser cladding head; the tempering mirror switching mechanism 5 can switch the tempering transmitting mirror 53, so as to provide a tempering laser beam 25 for the laser cladding head; the preheating focusing mirror 7 can focus the reflected laser beam a split by the preheating beam splitter 33 to form a preheating laser beam 22, which is output from the preheating laser head and projected to a portion to be processed of the workpiece to preheat the portion to be processed of the workpiece. The processing focusing mirror 8 can focus the reflected laser beam B split by the processing beam splitter 43 to form a processing laser beam 23, and the processing laser beam is output from the processing laser head and projected to a part to be processed of the workpiece to perform cladding processing on the part to be processed of the workpiece to form a laser cladding layer. The tempering focusing mirror 9 can focus the light beam reflected by the tempering transmitting mirror 53 to form a tempering laser beam 25, and the tempering laser beam is output from the tempering laser head and projected to a part to be processed of the workpiece to temper the laser cladding layer formed on the part to be processed of the workpiece.
As shown in fig. 1, an optical fiber 1 is disposed on a side wall of a housing 6, and high-energy laser enters the inside of a laser cladding head through the optical fiber 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the preheating mirror switching mechanism 3 includes a preheating mirror turntable 31, a preheating mirror rotating shaft 32; two (or a plurality of) preheating beam splitters 33 are arranged on the preheating mirror rotating disc 31 along the circumferential direction, the preheating mirror rotating shaft 32 is arranged at the center of the preheating mirror rotating disc 31, and the preheating mirror rotating disc 31 can rotate along the preheating mirror rotating shaft 32, so that different types of preheating beam splitters 33 can be switched for a laser cladding head; the preheating beam splitter 33 is disposed on the optical path of the incident laser beam 2. The high-energy laser is transmitted and reflected through the preheating beam splitter 33, most of the laser is transmitted to form a transmission laser beam A which is continuously transmitted along a straight line, and a small part of the laser is subjected to mirror reflection to form a reflection laser beam A.
As shown in fig. 2, the preheating beam splitter 33 is located in a plane that forms an angle α with the incident laser beam 2, and the angle α is less than 45 °.
As shown in fig. 1, a preheating focusing mirror 7 is further disposed on the optical path of the reflected laser beam a, and the preheating focusing mirror 7 can focus the reflected laser beam a to form a preheating laser beam 22 to be projected onto the workpiece surface.
As shown in fig. 1, the processing mirror switching mechanism 4 includes a processing mirror turret 41, a processing mirror rotating shaft 42; two (or a plurality of) processing beam splitters 43 are arranged on the processing mirror rotating disc 41 along the circumferential direction, the processing mirror rotating shaft 42 is arranged at the center of the processing mirror rotating disc 41, and the processing mirror rotating disc 41 can rotate along the processing mirror rotating shaft 42, so that different types of processing beam splitters 43 can be switched for the laser cladding head; the processing beam splitter 43 is arranged on the light path of the transmission laser beam A21, the transmission laser beam A21 is transmitted and reflected by the processing beam splitter 43, a small part of laser is transmitted to form a transmission beam B, the transmission beam B continues to be transmitted along a straight line, and a large part of laser is subjected to mirror reflection to form a reflection laser beam B.
As shown in fig. 2, at least two different types of processing beam splitters 43 are circumferentially distributed on the processing mirror rotating disk 41, an included angle β is formed between a plane where the processing beam splitter 43 is located and the transmission laser beam a21, and the included angle β is 45 °.
As shown in fig. 1, a processing focusing mirror 8 is disposed on the optical path of the reflected laser beam B, and the processing focusing mirror 8 can focus the reflected laser beam B to form a processing laser beam 23, which is projected to a to-be-processed portion of a workpiece by a processing laser head.
As shown in fig. 2, the tempering mirror switching mechanism 5 includes a tempering mirror turntable 51 and a tempering mirror rotating shaft 52; two (or a plurality of) tempering mirrors 53 are arranged on the tempering mirror rotating disc 51 along the circumferential direction, the tempering mirror rotating shaft 52 is arranged at the center of the tempering mirror rotating disc 51, and the tempering mirror rotating disc 51 can rotate along the tempering mirror rotating shaft 52, so that different types of tempering mirrors 53 can be switched for the laser cladding head; the tempering reflector 53 is disposed on the light path of the transmitted beam B, the transmitted beam B is reflected by the tempering reflector 53, and the laser beam reflected by the tempering reflector 53 is.
As shown in fig. 2, at least two different types of tempering mirrors 53 are circumferentially distributed on the tempering mirror rotating disk 51, an included angle γ is formed between a plane where the tempering mirrors 53 are located and the transmitted light beam B, and the included angle γ is greater than 45 °.
As shown in fig. 1, a tempering focusing mirror 9 is disposed on the light path of the laser beam reflected by the tempering reflecting mirror 53, and the tempering focusing mirror 9 can focus the laser beam reflected by the tempering reflecting mirror 53 to form a tempering laser beam 25, which is output by a tempering laser head and projected to the surface of the cladding layer.
Example 2:
the preheating mirror turntable is provided with a preheating beam splitter with the transmission and reflection ratio of 95/5 and a preheating beam splitter with the transmission and reflection ratio of 90/10; a processing beam splitter with the transmission and reflection ratio of 10/90 and a processing beam splitter with the transmission and reflection ratio of 15/85 are arranged on the processing mirror turntable; the tempering mirror rotating disc is provided with a tempering reflector with the reflectivity of 90% and a tempering reflector with the reflectivity of 95%. Selecting and combining: a preheated beam splitter with a transmission and reflection ratio of 95/10, a machined beam splitter with a transmission and reflection ratio of 10/90, and a tempered mirror with a reflectivity of 95%; then 10% of the high energy laser energy will be used to preheat the workpiece, 81% of the high energy laser energy will be used for machining, and 8.55% of the high energy laser energy will be used to temper the cladding layer.
Example 3:
the preheating mirror turntable is provided with a preheating beam splitter with full transmission and a preheating beam splitter with the transmission and reflection ratio of 90/10; a processing beam splitter with a transmission and reflection ratio of 10/90 and a processing beam splitter of a total reflection mirror are arranged on the processing mirror turntable; the tempering mirror rotating disc is provided with a total-reflection tempering reflector and a tempering reflector with the reflectivity of 95%. Selecting and combining: a preheated beam splitter with a transmission and reflection ratio of 95/10, a machined beam splitter with a transmission and reflection ratio of 10/90, and a tempered mirror with a reflectivity of 95%; then 10% of the high energy laser energy will be used to preheat the workpiece, 81% of the high energy laser energy will be used for machining, and 8.55% of the high energy laser energy will be used to temper the cladding layer. Selecting and combining: a preheating beam splitter with full transmission, a processing beam splitter with transmission and reflection ratio of 10/90, and a tempering mirror with total reflection; the cladding head has no preheating reflection laser beam, 90% of laser energy is used for formal processing, and 10% of laser energy is used for tempering the cladding layer.
Claims (10)
1. A laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating and tempering comprises a shell and a laser head arranged on the shell; the laser head comprises a preheating laser head, a processing laser head and a tempering laser head; the device is characterized in that a preheating beam splitter, a processing beam splitter and a tempering reflector are arranged in the shell;
the preheating beam splitter can be positioned on the light path of the incident laser beam emitted into the shell; the incident laser beam projected onto the preheating beam splitter can be divided into a transmission beam A and a reflection laser beam A according to the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter; the reflected laser beam A can be emitted from the preheating laser head after being focused by a preheating focusing mirror assembled in the preheating laser head;
the processing beam splitter can be positioned on the light path of the transmission beam A; the transmission beam A projected on the processing beam splitter can be divided into a transmission beam B and a reflection beam B according to the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter; the reflected laser beam B can be emitted from the processing laser head after being focused by a processing focusing mirror assembled in the processing laser head;
the tempering reflector can be positioned on the light path of the transmitted beam B; the transmitted light beam B projected on the tempering reflector can be reflected to a tempering focusing mirror assembled in the tempering laser head, focused by the tempering focusing mirror and then emitted from the tempering laser head;
the light emitted from the preheating laser head, the light emitted from the processing laser head and the light emitted from the tempering laser head can be converged to the part to be processed of the workpiece.
2. The laser cladding head capable of being simultaneously preheated and tempered as recited in claim 1, wherein: the preheating beam splitter is arranged in the shell, and the number of the preheating beam splitters is at least two;
the preheating mirror switching mechanism comprises a rotatable preheating mirror turntable, and preheating beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the preheating mirror turntable in the circumferential direction;
each preheating beam splitter can be alternatively positioned on the light path of the incident laser beam in the shell under the driving of the rotation of the preheating mirror turntable.
3. The laser cladding head capable of simultaneous preheating and tempering according to claim 2, wherein: the processing mirror switching mechanism is arranged in the shell, and the number of the processing beam splitters is at least two;
the processing mirror switching mechanism comprises a rotatable processing mirror turntable, and processing beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the processing mirror turntable in the circumferential direction;
each processing beam splitter can be alternatively positioned on the light path of the transmission light beam A under the drive of the rotation of the processing mirror turntable.
4. The laser cladding head capable of simultaneous preheating and tempering according to claim 3, wherein: a tempering mirror switching mechanism is arranged in the shell; the number of the tempering reflecting mirrors is at least two;
the tempering mirror switching mechanism comprises a rotatable tempering mirror rotating disc, and tempering mirrors are uniformly distributed on the tempering mirror rotating disc in the circumferential direction;
each tempering reflector can be alternatively positioned on the light path of the transmission beam B under the drive of the rotation of the tempering reflector turntable.
5. The laser cladding head capable of simultaneous preheating and tempering according to claim 4, wherein: the preheating mirror rotating disc is rotatably arranged in the shell through a preheating mirror rotating shaft; the preheating mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the preheating mirror rotating disc, and the preheating beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the preheating mirror rotating disc at the periphery of the preheating mirror rotating shaft;
the processing mirror rotating disc is rotatably arranged in the shell through a processing mirror rotating shaft; the processing mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the processing mirror rotating disc, and the processing beam splitters are uniformly distributed on the processing mirror rotating disc at the periphery of the processing mirror rotating shaft;
the tempering mirror rotating disc is rotatably arranged in the shell through a tempering mirror rotating shaft; the tempering mirror rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the tempering mirror rotating disc, and the tempering mirrors are uniformly distributed on the tempering mirror rotating disc on the periphery of the tempering mirror rotating shaft.
6. The laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating and tempering according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plane where the preheating beam splitter is located and the incident laser beam form an included angle α, the plane where the machining beam splitter is located and the transmitted beam A form an included angle β, the plane where the tempering mirror is located and the transmitted beam B form an included angle γ, the included angle α is less than 45 °, the included angle β is 45 °, and the included angle γ is greater than 45 °.
7. The laser cladding head capable of being simultaneously preheated and tempered as recited in claim 5, wherein: one preheating beam splitter is a full lens.
8. The laser cladding head capable of simultaneous preheating and tempering according to claim 7, wherein: one of the processing beam splitters is a full lens.
9. The laser cladding head capable of simultaneous preheating and tempering according to claim 8, wherein: one of the tempering mirrors is a full lens.
10. The laser cladding processing method of the laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating and tempering according to claim 9, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) high-energy laser is shot into the shell in parallel through the optical fiber and is used as a shot laser beam;
(2) the incident laser beam is projected onto the preheating beam splitter and is divided into a transmission beam A and a reflection laser beam A according to the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter;
wherein: the light intensity ratio of the preheating beam splitter is a1/b1, a1 is the proportion of the transmission light of the preheating beam splitter, b1 is the proportion of the reflection light of the preheating beam splitter, and a1+ b1= 100; the energy of the transmitted laser beam a is a1% of the incident laser beam and the energy of the reflected laser beam a is b1% of the incident laser beam;
the reflected laser beam A is focused by a preheating focusing mirror and then is emitted to the surface of a workpiece from a preheating laser head so as to preheat the surface of the workpiece;
(3) the transmission beam A is projected onto the processing beam splitter and is divided into a transmission beam B and a reflection laser beam B according to the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter;
wherein: the light intensity ratio of the processing beam splitter is a2/b2, a2 is the ratio of transmitted light of the processing beam splitter, b2 is the ratio of reflected light of the processing beam splitter, and a2+ b2= 100; the energy of the transmitted laser beam B is a1 a2% of the incident laser beam, and the energy of the reflected laser beam B is a 1B 2% of the incident laser beam;
the reflected laser beam B is focused by a processing focusing mirror and then is emitted to the surface of a workpiece from a processing laser head so as to carry out cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece;
the transmitted beam B is projected onto the tempering reflector, reflected to a tempering focusing mirror configured in the tempering laser head according to the reflectivity of the tempering reflector, focused by the tempering focusing mirror, emitted from the tempering laser head to the surface of a cladding layer of a workpiece, and tempered; the reflectivity of the tempering reflector is c%, and the energy of the light reflected to the tempering focusing mirror is a1 a2 c% of the incident laser beam.
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| CN201911324046.8A CN111058029A (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Laser cladding head capable of simultaneously performing preheating tempering and laser cladding method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111996527A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-27 | 东南大学 | Laser cladding head capable of synchronously feeding powder and increasing material in multiple paths |
| CN112159978A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-01-01 | 东南大学 | Center powder feeding type cladding head capable of preheating and tempering |
| CN114523207A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-24 | 河北科技大学 | Laser welding device, laser welding equipment and laser welding method |
| CN114717547A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-07-08 | 郑州大学 | Laser cladding light path system capable of realizing preheating and remelting in cladding process and working process thereof |
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