CN111057967A - High-corrosion-resistance and scratch-resistance stainless steel plate, stainless steel trough and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-corrosion-resistance and scratch-resistance stainless steel plate, stainless steel trough and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
- B24C7/0053—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier
- B24C7/0061—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier of feed pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
- E03C1/18—Sinks, whether or not connected to the waste-pipe
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost anti-scratch stainless steel plate, a stainless steel water tank and a preparation method thereof, which are characterized in that: the manual water tank preparation method comprises the steps of blanking, bending, welding and forming, grinding, sand blasting and electrolytic polishing; the raw materials used are 2B-surface cold-rolled austenitic stainless steel plates, wherein Cr is 18.0-19.0%, Ni is 3.5-6.0%, Mn is 3.0-4.0%, Cu is 1.0-3.2%, C is less than or equal to 0.03%, N is 0.15-0.25%, Mo is 0.1-0.3%, Si is less than or equal to 0.5%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.03%, and the balance is Fe. The corrosion resistance of the water tank prepared by the invention is superior to that of a common 304 stainless steel water tank; the surface strength of the water tank product is high, and the wear resistance and the scratch resistance are good; the price of the material is lower than that of 304 stainless steel, and the cost advantage is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a stainless steel plate and a method for manufacturing a water tank by using the stainless steel plate.
Background
Stainless steel for kitchen and bathroom sink is represented by austenite type 304, and 304 stainless steel is widely used for sink products because of its good plastic formability, good weldability and corrosion resistance. However, the raw material cost is high because 304 stainless steel contains at least 8% of nickel. In recent years, with the widespread use of stainless steel, the production of 304 stainless steel has been increasing, and the consumption of nickel has been increasing. In addition, the development of new energy batteries, surface electroplating treatment and other services is rapid, so that the nickel resource is increasingly scarce, the price of nickel rises obviously, and the price of 304 stainless steel materials also rises accordingly.
For this reason, low-cost manganese elements have been added to austenitic stainless steels for many years instead of expensive nickel elements to reduce the cost of the stainless steel materials, of which 200-series stainless steels are representative. However, the 200 series stainless steel using manganese to replace nickel has poor corrosion resistance, is not suitable for preparing a water tank product directly used for water, generally needs to be used after surface treatment (such as electroplating or spraying), and once a surface treatment layer is damaged, the 200 series stainless steel substrate is easy to corrode.
In addition, aiming at the specific application condition of the water tank product, the manual welding water tank product prepared from 304 stainless steel is not subjected to tensile deformation, the surface of the product is basically free from processing hardening, the scratch resistance of the water tank is insufficient, and the surface is easy to scratch. The sink product therefore places a lot of high demands on stainless steel materials: the material has low cost, excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, scratch resistance and the like, and the existing stainless steel material can not meet various requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a stainless steel plate, a stainless steel water tank and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems in the background art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the high-corrosion-resistance and scratch-resistance stainless steel plate is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 18.0-19.0% of Cr, 3.5-6.0% of Ni, 3.0-4.0% of Mn, 1.0-3.2% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.03% of C, 0.15-0.25% of N, 0.1-0.3% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the alloy comprises 18.1 to 18.6% of Cr, 4.2 to 5.5% of Ni, 3.2 to 4.0% of Mn, 1.2 to 2.2% of Cu, 0.03% or less of C, 0.15 to 0.25% of N, 0.1 to 0.25% of Mo, 0.5% or less of Si, 0.045% or less of P, 0.03% or less of S, and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the alloy comprises 18.2 to 18.5% of Cr, 4.2 to 5.0% of Ni, 3.5 to 4.0% of Mn, 1.5 to 2.0% of Cu, 0.03% or less of C, 0.18 to 0.25% of N, 0.1 to 0.2% of Mo, 0.5% or less of Si, 0.045% or less of P, 0.03% or less of S, and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the alloy comprises 18.2 to 18.5% of Cr, 4.2 to 4.5% of Ni, 3.5 to 3.6% of Mn, 1.5 to 1.8% of Cu, 0.03% or less of C, 0.2 to 0.25% of N, 0.1 to 0.18% of Mo, 0.5% or less of Si, 0.045% or less of P, 0.03% or less of S, and the balance of Fe.
The invention also provides a manual water tank preparation method, which comprises a blanking process, a bending process, a welding forming process, a grinding process, a sand blasting process and an electrolytic polishing process; the sand material adopted by sand blasting is glass sand, the mesh number is 80-200 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is 3-5kg/cm2The air pressure, the sand blasting time is 3-5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 100-300 mm. Preferably, the mesh number of the glass sand is 80-150 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is 4-5Kg/cm2The sand blasting time is 4-5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 150-300 mm; more preferably, the mesh number of the glass sand is 100-120 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is 4.5Kg/cm2The sand blasting time is 4.5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 250mm。
The electrolytic polishing electrolyte is a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, wherein the mass ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid is 50-55:40-45, the temperature of the electrolyte is 55-80 ℃, the direct current voltage is 10-15V, and the current is 8-15A/dm2For 5-10 min; under the condition that the components of the electrolytic polishing electrolyte are not changed, the preferable electrolyte temperature is 60-70 ℃, the direct current voltage is 12-15V, and the current is 10-15A/dm2The time is 7-10 min; more preferably, the electrolyte temperature is 65 ℃, the direct current voltage is 12V, and the current is 12A/dm2And the time is 8.5 min.
In the water tank, the stainless steel plate is preferably a plate with the specification of 1.0-3.0 mm. Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, through the compatibility of the components in the stainless steel raw materials, the stainless steel plate has excellent corrosion resistance, higher strength and better comprehensive performance.
The stainless steel raw material contains Cr which can be generated2O3Passivating the protective film to make the stainless steel plate have corrosion resistance. The Cr content is controlled to be 18-19%, and more than 19% of austenite structure is unstable, so that the aging cracking can be caused, and the tensile property of the stainless steel plate is reduced; less than 18% results in insufficient pitting corrosion resistance, and the water tank made of the stainless steel plate is particularly susceptible to corrosion in poor use environments (such as contact with ironware finishing tools and paint/putty powder).
In addition, Mo can form a more compact and firm Mo-containing oxide on the surface of the stainless steel, so that a passivation film of the stainless steel can be stabilized, the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel can be improved, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel can be improved. Cu, N, Mn and the like can further improve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. Cu is an austenite forming element, the potential of a stainless steel matrix can be increased, and the forming performance and the corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel are improved; the solid solution strengthening effect of N in the stainless steel is strong, the strength of the stainless steel can be improved, the content of N exceeds 0.25%, and the low-temperature toughness of the stainless steel can be reduced. The stability of an austenitic structure can be kept by adding Mn, the content of Mn is controlled to be 3-4%, the content of Mn is less than 3%, the austenitic structure is unstable, and the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel can be reduced when the content exceeds 4%.
2. The invention further enhances the strength and the wear resistance of the manual water tank by combining the manufacturing process of the manual water tank, can effectively prevent the situation that the surface of the manual water tank is easy to scratch in daily use, and does not have the phenomenon of residual water. The abrasive resistance of the surface of a water tank product can be enhanced by sand blasting in the manual water tank preparation, the surface and the bottom of the water tank product cannot deform after sand blasting, and no residual water phenomenon exists. After sand blasting, electrolytic polishing is carried out, and the surface of the water tank can be ensured to be smooth and clean only by strictly controlling electrolytic process parameters.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples:
example 1
The manual water tank is made of stainless steel plates, and the preparation method of the manual water tank comprises the following steps:
(1) blanking: and (3) feeding the stainless steel coil material with the specification of 1.0-3.0 mm into a plate shearing machine to be sheared into the required unfolded size of the water tank.
(2) Bending: bending according to the shape of the water tank.
(3) Welding and forming: and manually butting the bent gaps, and then welding and forming.
(4) Polishing: and (4) processing welding marks generated by spot welding, edge welding and the like to ensure that the welding marks reappear flat surfaces and straight wiredrawing lines.
(5) Sand blasting: the sand blasting mesh number is 150 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is 4Kg/cm2The sand blasting time is 5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm.
(6) Electrolytic polishing: the electrolytic polishing electrolyte is a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid according to the mass ratio of 50-55:40-45, the temperature of the electrolyte is 55 ℃, the direct current voltage is 15V, and the current is 10A/dm2And the time is 9 min.
The stainless steel plate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 18.2% of Cr, 5.4% of Ni, 3.6% of Mn, 1.3% of Cu, 0.02% of C, 0.21% of N, 0.15% of Mo, 0.4% of Si, 0.04% of P, 0.001% of S, and the balance Fe. The specific components and process parameters are shown in Table 1, and the characterization results are shown in Table 2.
Examples 2 to 4
Unlike example 1, the composition of the stainless steel was different and the process parameters for making the hand tank were different. The components and the process parameters are shown in table 1, and the characterization results are shown in table 2.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
Unlike example 1, the composition of the stainless steel was different and the process parameters for making the hand tank were different. The components and the process parameters are shown in table 1, and the characterization results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 5
The stainless steel plate of comparative example 5 was not sand blasted and electropolished as a blank control. The components and the process parameters are shown in table 1, and the characterization results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Manual groove stainless steel raw material composition and its main process parameters
Whether the bottom of the water tank is deformed after sand blasting is measured according to the total area of the flaky residual water and the maximum length of the single piece of water. The total area of a plane without an R angle at the bottom of the water taking tank is S, and the total area of the flaky residual water is not more than 1/4S; the length of all the monolithic residual water in the maximum length direction is measured, and the length is less than or equal to 150 mm. And if the water tank exceeds the requirement, judging that the water tank with larger bottom deformation is unqualified.
The scratch resistance of a manual sink is mainly measured by simulating the situation when the sink is actually used. Scratch resistance is measured mainly in the following manner: and (4) performing a scouring pad friction test, and cutting the bottom of the water tank to be used as a test sample. Applying a 1kg load weight, embedding 3M scouring pad at the bottom of the weight, and recording the friction times when the visible grinding marks appear by naked eyes through back and forth reciprocating friction, wherein the friction times need to be more than 20 times.
Table 2 performance test results of the hand tank
| Total area of residual water in sheet form | Length of residual water | Number of rubs | |
| Example 1 | <1/4S | 10cm | 30 |
| Example 2 | <1/4S | 10cm | 30 |
| Example 3 | <1/4S | 10cm | 30 |
| Example 4 | <1/4S | 8cm | 35 |
| Comparative example 1 | >1/4S | 180cm | 20 |
| Comparative example 2 | >1/4S | 170cm | 20 |
| Comparative example 3 | >1/4S | 20cm | 20 |
| Comparative example 4 | <1/4S | 10cm | 10 |
| Comparative example 5 | <1/4S | 5cm | 10 |
As can be seen from the examples and comparative examples, the effects of the content of each component in the stainless steel plate raw material and the preparation process on the product performance are comprehensive. Regarding the components of the stainless steel plate raw material, when the components in the stainless steel raw material are not in a proper range, even if the preparation process is in a proper range, the total area of flaky residual water is greater than 1/4S through tests, the length of the residual water is 170-180 mm, the friction times are less than 30 times, the detection structure is not in a qualified range, and the deformation of the bottom of the water tank is large, so that the requirement of qualified products cannot be met.
When the components of the stainless steel plate raw material are in the appropriate ranges, the abrasion and scratch resistance properties do not meet the use standards of the water tank (as in comparative example 5) without the sand blasting and electrolytic polishing processes. Therefore, the components and the process are combined to prepare the water tank meeting the use standard. In the sand blasting process, when the mesh number of the glass sand is less than 80 meshes, the dents of the sand blasting on the surface of the water tank are too deep, and the surface of the water tank is easy to be stained; when the mesh number of the glass sand is higher than 200 meshes, the glass is thinner and is sandblasted in waterThe indentation on the surface of the groove is too shallow, and the improvement on the wear resistance and the scratch resistance is not obvious. The pressure of sand blasting is lower than 3Kg/cm2In time, the improvement of the wear resistance and the scratch resistance of the surface of the water tank is limited; the sand blasting pressure is higher than 5Kg/cm2When the pressure of sand blasting is too large, the edge and the bottom of the water tank are deformed, and residual water is easily left at the bottom of the water tank. The sand blasting time is less than 3min, and the uneven sand blasting effect can occur on the surface of the water tank; the sand blasting time is more than 5min, the surface glossiness of the water tank is reduced, the appearance of the water tank is influenced, and the production efficiency is reduced. When the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is less than 100mm, the radiation area of sand blasting is small, the sand blasting efficiency is influenced, and the sand blasting effect is easy to cause non-uniformity; when the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is more than 300mm, the impact action of the glass sand on the water tank is weakened, the glass sand is distributed more dispersedly, and the wear-resisting and scratch-resisting performance is not obviously improved.
In terms of the electrolytic polishing process, when the temperature of the electrolyte is lower than 55 ℃, the polishing speed is slow, and the surface glossiness of the water tank cannot meet the appearance quality requirement; when the temperature of the electrolyte is higher than 80 ℃, the evaporation rate of the electrolyte is too high, so that the liquid medicine is seriously lost. The electrolytic direct current voltage is 10-15V and the current is 8-15A/dm2The time is 5-10 min. The electrolysis voltage and the current are too large, and the time is too long, so that the electrolysis speed is too high, the surface is easy to generate uncontrollable corrosion, and qualified products cannot be obtained; electrolytic voltage, electric current undersize, the time is too short, can not effectively get rid of sandblast dent and burr, leads to the surface unevenness, hangs dirty easily, can not satisfy the user demand of basin.
Therefore, in the sand blasting process, the mesh number of the glass sand is 80-200 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is 3-5kg/cm2The air pressure, the sand blasting time is 3-5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 100-300 mm. The electrolyte of the electrolytic polishing process is a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, and the mass ratio of phosphoric acid: sulfuric acid 50-55:40-45, electrolyte temperature 55-80 deg.C, DC voltage 10-15V and current 8-15A/dm2The time is 5-10 min. The performance of the hand-made grooves obtained at this time is within an acceptable range.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
1. A high corrosion-resistant scratch-resistant stainless steel plate is characterized in that according to the mass ratio,
the used raw materials comprise: 18.0-19.0% of Cr, 3.5-6.0% of Ni, 3.0-4.0% of Mn, 1.0-3.2% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.03% of C, 0.15-0.25% of N, 0.1-0.3% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S and the balance of Fe.
2. The stainless steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the balance is Fe, and the balance is 18.1 to 18.6% Cr, 4.2 to 5.5% Ni, 3.2 to 4.0% Mn, 1.2 to 2.2% Cu, 0.03% C, 0.15 to 0.25% N, 0.1 to 0.25% Mo, 0.5% Si, 0.045% P, 0.03% S, and the balance is Fe.
3. The stainless steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the balance is Fe, and the balance is 18.2 to 18.5% Cr, 4.2 to 5.0% Ni, 3.5 to 4.0% Mn, 1.5 to 2.0% Cu, 0.03% C, 0.18 to 0.25% N, 0.1 to 0.2% Mo, 0.5% Si, 0.045% P, 0.03% S, and the balance is Fe.
4. The stainless steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the balance is Fe, and the balance is 18.2 to 18.5% Cr, 4.2 to 4.5% Ni, 3.5 to 3.6% Mn, 1.5 to 1.8% Cu, 0.03% C, 0.2 to 0.25% N, 0.1 to 0.18% Mo, 0.5% Si, 0.045% P, 0.03% S, and the balance is Fe.
5. A preparation method of a manual water tank is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises a blanking process, a bending process, a welding and forming process, a grinding process, a sand blasting process and an electrolytic polishing process; the raw material used is the stainless steel plate with high corrosion resistance and scratch resistance as defined in any claim 1-4.
6. The method of making a hand-made sink as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprisesCharacterized in that the sand material adopted in the sand blasting procedure is glass sand with the mesh number of 80-200 meshes and the sand blasting pressure of 3-5kg/cm2The air pressure, the sand blasting time is 3-5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 100-300 mm.
7. The method for preparing a manual water tank according to claim 5, wherein the sand material adopted in the sand blasting process is glass sand with a mesh size of 80-150 meshes, and the sand blasting pressure is 4-5Kg/cm2The sand blasting time is 4-5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 150-300 mm.
8. The method for preparing a manual sink according to claim 5, wherein: the sand material adopted in the sand blasting procedure is glass sand with the mesh number of 100-120 meshes and the sand blasting pressure of 4.5Kg/cm2The sand blasting time is 4.5min, and the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the water tank is 250 mm.
9. The method for manufacturing a manual water tank according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte in the electrolytic polishing process is a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, wherein the phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid are 50-55:40-45 by mass ratio, the temperature of the electrolyte is 55-80 ℃, the direct current voltage is 10-15V, and the current is 8-15A/dm2The time is 5-10 min.
10. The method for manufacturing a manual water tank according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte in the electrolytic polishing process is a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, wherein the phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid are 50-55:40-45 by mass ratio, the temperature of the electrolyte is 60-70 ℃, the direct current voltage is 12-15V, and the current is 10-15A/dm2The time is 7-10 min.
11. The method for manufacturing a manual water tank according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte in the electrolytic polishing process is a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, wherein the phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid are 50-55:40-45 by mass ratio, the temperature of the electrolyte is 65 ℃, the direct current voltage is 12V, and the current is 12A/dm2And the time is 8.5 min.
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Application publication date: 20200424 |