CN111057921A - High-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111057921A CN111057921A CN201911322547.2A CN201911322547A CN111057921A CN 111057921 A CN111057921 A CN 111057921A CN 201911322547 A CN201911322547 A CN 201911322547A CN 111057921 A CN111057921 A CN 111057921A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-6% of Cu, 2-3% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Sc, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, less than 0.02% of impurity elements and the balance of Al. The rare earth aluminum alloy Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr has good comprehensive mechanical properties, and the rare earth aluminum alloy after solution treatment and aging treatment has the characteristics of high strength, good plasticity and relatively stable various properties, and can meet the application requirements in high-precision industries such as aerospace, war industry, automobiles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy is a light metal structure material, is applied to various industries at present, takes the automobile industry as an example, the application of the aluminum alloy on the automobile is increasing at present, 100Km can save oil by 0.5L when the automobile loses 100Kg, and the exhaust emission is reduced at the same time, so the research and development of the aluminum alloy are significant for saving energy and inhibiting environmental pollution. However, the poor strength and heat resistance of the aluminum alloy on the market at present seriously hinder the application of the aluminum alloy in high-precision industries such as aerospace, military industry, automobiles and the like, so that the improvement of the strength and heat resistance of the aluminum alloy is an important subject for developing aluminum alloy materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-6% of Cu, 2-3% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Sc, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, less than 0.02% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
The mass of the Cu is recorded as the final Cu adding mass by the mass of the Cu in the intermediate alloy Al-Cu.
The mass of the Sc is recorded as the final added mass of Sc in the master alloy Al-Sc.
The mass of Zr in the aluminum alloy with high temperature resistance and high strength is recorded as the mass of the final Zr in the mass of the middle Zr of the intermediate alloy Al-Zr.
The high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized in that the intermediate alloy Al-Cu is Al-25 Cu.
The high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized in that the intermediate alloy Al-Sc is Al-25 Sc.
The high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized in that the intermediate alloy Al-Zr is Al-25 Zr.
The high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy has the purity of more than 99.9 percent.
The high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy has the Mg purity of more than 99.9 percent.
The purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Cu is more than 99.5 percent.
The purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Sc is more than 99.5 percent.
The purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Zr is more than 99.5 percent.
A preparation method of high-temperature-resistant and high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Zr according to the balance weight;
step two: feeding Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Zr into a preheating kettle for preheating at the temperature of 130-;
step three: firstly, feeding Al and Mg into a melting kettle for melting operation, adding the Al and the Mg after the Al and the Mg are completely melted, heating to 725 ℃ and 735 ℃, and adding an intermediate alloy Al-Cu, an intermediate alloy Al-Sc and an intermediate alloy Al-Zr until the materials are melted;
step four: after the material is melted, removing the scum on the surface, and heating to 774-782 ℃;
step five: cooling to 713-737 ℃, pouring into a mould for casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
In the method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy, the mold is preheated to 250-350 ℃ before casting.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy can be used for carrying out heat treatment operation.
In the method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and high-strength aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment and then to aging treatment after being cooled.
According to the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and high-strength aluminum alloy, the treatment temperature of the solution treatment is 480-500 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 h.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and high-strength aluminum alloy has the advantages that the aging treatment temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the treatment time is 8-24 h.
The invention has the advantages that: the aluminum alloy comprises the components of Al-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr, wherein the maximum solid solubility of rare earth Sc in aluminum is 11.5wt%, Sc is the element with the maximum solid solubility of the rare earth element in an Al matrix, the high-temperature strength and creep property of Al-Sc are most remarkably shown in the aluminum-rare earth binary alloy, and the precipitation equilibrium phase of the aluminum alloy is Al3Sc has a high melting point and can generate a good strengthening effect on the room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, elements added into the aluminum alloy can generate a synergistic effect with main strengthening elements, so that the main strengthening elements can generate a good strengthening effect on the room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, Cu is an important alloy element in the aluminum alloy, Cu has a large solid solution capacity in an aluminum matrix, the maximum solid solubility is 5.65wt%, the strengthening effect is realized in the aluminum alloy, the strengthening effect is mainly embodied in two aspects, namely, the second phase strengthening through forming β -Al2Cu phase and the solid solution strengthening of Cu atoms in the aluminum matrix, after the Cu element is added into the aluminum matrix, β -Al2Cu phase is formed and exists in the form of dissimilarity eutectic, when Rare Earth (RE) elements exist in the alloy, the second phase strengthening and the Al-RE dispersion strengthening phase can form Al-RE dispersion strengthening phase, but the β -Al2Cu phase with an excessively high content can influence the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy, so that the content in the aluminum alloy is controlled below 6wt%, the alloy has a good comprehensive aging property, and the Al-Zr-Al alloy has a good plasticity and Cu stability, and can meet the requirements of high-Al alloy after the high-Al alloy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a picture of a sample of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a picture of a sample of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a picture of a sample of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-25 Cu, intermediate alloy Al-25 Sc and intermediate alloy Al-10 Zr according to the weight percentage of 5 percent of Cu, 2 percent of Mg, 0.3 percent of Sc, 0.2 percent of Zr and the balance of Al;
step two: feeding Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Zr into a preheating kettle for preheating at the temperature of 130 ℃;
step three: firstly, feeding Al and Mg into a melting kettle for melting operation, adding the Al and the Mg after the Al and the Mg are completely melted, heating to 725 ℃, and adding an intermediate alloy Al-Cu, an intermediate alloy Al-Sc and an intermediate alloy Al-Zr until the materials are melted;
step four: after the material is melted, removing the floating slag on the surface, and heating to 774 ℃;
step five: cooling to 713 deg.C, pouring into a mold preheated to 250 deg.C, casting, air cooling to room temperature to obtain aluminum alloy;
step six: and (4) feeding the aluminum alloy obtained in the fifth step into a heating furnace, heating for 4h at 480 ℃, taking out, quenching with water, cooling to 160 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8h at 160 ℃ in the heating furnace to obtain the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy marked as example 1.
Example 1 the sample was processed into a 5-fold standard tensile specimen according to the national standard GBT6397-86 metal tensile test specimen. The electronic stretching was carried out on a precision universal tester AGI-250KN from Shimadzu Japan at a stretching speed of 1 mm/min. In the high-temperature stretching, the stretched sample is kept at the corresponding temperature for 15 minutes and then stretched. The test result of the sample of example 1 is that the tensile strength at room temperature is 566MPa, and the elongation is 8.7%; the tensile strength at 150 ℃ is 501MPa, and the elongation is 10.3%; the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 469MPa, and the elongation is 11.9%; the tensile strength at 250 ℃ was 412MPa, and the elongation was 13.8%.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-25 Cu, intermediate alloy Al-25 Sc and intermediate alloy Al-10 Zr according to the weight percentage of 6 percent of Cu, 3 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Sc, 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al;
step two: feeding Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Zr into a preheating kettle for preheating at the temperature of 140 ℃;
step three: firstly, feeding Al and Mg into a melting kettle for melting operation, adding the Al and the Mg after the Al and the Mg are completely melted, heating to 735 ℃, and adding an intermediate alloy Al-Cu, an intermediate alloy Al-Sc and an intermediate alloy Al-Zr until the materials are melted;
step four: after the material is melted, removing the scum on the surface, and heating to 782 ℃;
step five: cooling to 737 deg.C, pouring into a mold preheated to 350 deg.C for casting, air cooling to room temperature to obtain aluminum alloy;
step six: and (4) feeding the aluminum alloy obtained in the fifth step into a heating furnace, heating at 500 ℃ for 12h, taking out, quenching with water, cooling to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature in the heating furnace at 180 ℃ for 24h to obtain the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy marked as example 2.
Example 2 the sample was processed into a 5-fold standard tensile specimen according to the national standard GBT6397-86 metal tensile test specimen. The electronic stretching was carried out on a precision universal tester AGI-250KN from Shimadzu Japan at a stretching speed of 1 mm/min. In the high-temperature stretching, the stretched sample is kept at the corresponding temperature for 15 minutes and then stretched. The detection result of the sample of the example 2 is that the room temperature tensile strength is 598MPa, and the elongation is 8.2%; the tensile strength at 150 ℃ is 526MPa, and the elongation is 11.7%; the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 501MPa, and the elongation is 12.6%; tensile strength at 250 ℃ was 471MPa, and elongation was 13.7%.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-25 Cu, intermediate alloy Al-25 Sc and intermediate alloy Al-10 Zr according to the weight percentage of 5.5 percent of Cu, 2.5 percent of Mg, 0.4 percent of Sc, 0.35 percent of Zr and the balance of Al;
step two: feeding Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Zr into a preheating kettle to preheat at the temperature of 135 ℃;
step three: firstly, feeding Al and Mg into a melting kettle for melting operation, adding the Al and the Mg after the Al and the Mg are completely melted, heating to 730 ℃, and adding an intermediate alloy Al-Cu, an intermediate alloy Al-Sc and an intermediate alloy Al-Zr until the materials are melted;
step four: after the materials are melted, removing floating slag on the surface, and heating to 778 ℃;
step five: cooling to 725 ℃, pouring into a mold preheated to 300 ℃ in advance for casting, and cooling to room temperature in air cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy;
step six: and (4) feeding the aluminum alloy obtained in the fifth step into a heating furnace, heating at 490 ℃ for 8h, taking out, quenching with water, cooling to 190 ℃, and keeping the temperature in the heating furnace at 170 ℃ for 16h to obtain the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy marked as example 3.
Example 3 the sample was processed into a 5-fold standard tensile specimen according to the national standard GBT6397-86 metal tensile test specimen. The electronic stretching was carried out on a precision universal tester AGI-250KN from Shimadzu Japan at a stretching speed of 1 mm/min. In the high-temperature stretching, the stretched sample is kept at the corresponding temperature for 15 minutes and then stretched. The test result of the sample of example 3 is that the tensile strength at room temperature is 581MPa, and the elongation is 8.5%; the tensile strength at 150 ℃ is 522MPa, and the elongation is 9.7 percent; the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 472MPa, and the elongation is 12.6 percent; the tensile strength at 250 ℃ was 419MPa, and the elongation was 14.2%.
Comparative example
A1370 type aluminum alloy sold in the market is selected as a comparison example, and is processed into a 5-time standard tensile sample according to the national standard GBT6397-86 metal tensile test sample. The electronic stretching was carried out on a precision universal tester AGI-250KN from Shimadzu Japan at a stretching speed of 1 mm/min. In the high-temperature stretching, the stretched sample is kept at the corresponding temperature for 15 minutes and then stretched. The test result of the comparative sample was that the room temperature tensile strength was 572MPa, and the elongation was 5.7%; the tensile strength at 150 ℃ is 452MPa, and the elongation is 7.8%; the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 421MPa, and the elongation is 9.4%; the tensile strength at 250 ℃ was 305MPa, and the elongation was 11.2%.
According to the comparison of the final test results of the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example, it can be known that the tensile strength difference is small and the elongation difference is large in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example at room temperature, but the tensile strength and the elongation of the examples 1 to 3 are obviously superior to those of the comparative example along with the rise of temperature, so that the aluminum alloy of the invention can still have good performance at high temperature, and the requirements of the aluminum alloy in high-precision industries such as aerospace, military industry, automobiles and the like can be met.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-temperature-resistant and high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-6% of Cu, 2-3% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Sc, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, less than 0.02% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
2. The aluminum alloy with high temperature resistance and high strength as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the mass of the Cu is recorded as the final Cu adding mass by the mass of the Cu in the intermediate alloy Al-Cu;
the mass of the Sc is recorded as the final adding mass of Sc by the mass of Sc in the intermediate alloy Al-Sc;
the mass of Zr is recorded as the final Zr adding mass by the mass of Zr in the intermediate alloy Al-Zr.
3. The aluminum alloy with high temperature resistance and high strength as recited in claim 2, wherein:
the intermediate alloy Al-Cu is Al-25 Cu;
the intermediate alloy Al-Sc is Al-25 Sc;
the intermediate alloy Al-Zr is Al-25 Zr.
4. A preparation method of high-temperature-resistant and high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Zr according to the balance weight;
step two: feeding Al, Mg, intermediate alloy Al-Cu, intermediate alloy Al-Sc and intermediate alloy Al-Zr into a preheating kettle for preheating at the temperature of 130-;
step three: firstly, feeding Al and Mg into a melting kettle for melting operation, adding the Al and the Mg after the Al and the Mg are completely melted, heating to 725 ℃ and 735 ℃, and adding an intermediate alloy Al-Cu, an intermediate alloy Al-Sc and an intermediate alloy Al-Zr until the materials are melted;
step four: after the material is melted, removing the scum on the surface, and heating to 774-782 ℃;
step five: cooling to 713-737 ℃, pouring into a mould for casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
5. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mold is preheated to 250-350 ℃ before casting.
6. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy may be subjected to a heat treatment operation.
7. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat treatment operation is that the aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment firstly, and then is subjected to aging treatment after being cooled.
8. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the treatment temperature of the solution treatment is 480-500 ℃, and the treatment time is 4-12 h.
9. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aging treatment temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the treatment time is 8-24 h.
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| CN101186987A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2008-05-28 | 中南大学 | Scandium-containing casting heat-resistant aluminum alloy and its preparation method |
| EP2110452A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-21 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminium alloys |
| US20150225825A1 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-13 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Aluminum alloy cast product and method for producing the same |
| CN105483477A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-13 | 天津大学 | High-strength and high-toughness scandium-contained Al-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy and preparation method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-12-20 CN CN201911322547.2A patent/CN111057921A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101186987A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2008-05-28 | 中南大学 | Scandium-containing casting heat-resistant aluminum alloy and its preparation method |
| EP2110452A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-21 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminium alloys |
| US20150225825A1 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-13 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Aluminum alloy cast product and method for producing the same |
| CN105483477A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-13 | 天津大学 | High-strength and high-toughness scandium-contained Al-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200424 |