CN111057589A - 一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111057589A
CN111057589A CN201911163280.7A CN201911163280A CN111057589A CN 111057589 A CN111057589 A CN 111057589A CN 201911163280 A CN201911163280 A CN 201911163280A CN 111057589 A CN111057589 A CN 111057589A
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董晓玮
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,包括甲醇、汽油、石墨、纳米氧化镁、天然油脂、表面改性剂、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂、氢氧化钠、硫酸,所述甲醇汽油各组分按重量份数的配比为:甲醇70—85份、汽油25—50份、石墨3—6份、纳米氧化镁5—10份、天然油脂8—12、表面改性剂9—14份、抗爆剂4—6份、抗溶胀剂7—14份、氢氧化钠30—40份、硫酸30—50份。本发明具有良好的抗腐蚀性能,可以抗低温相分离,高温不气阻,节能环保。

Description

一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及甲醇汽油技术领域,具体涉及一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着环境污染的日益加重及石油能源的严重消耗,寻找可替代的清洁能源已成为当今世界的热点课题。甲醇具有良好的燃烧性能、辛烷值高、抗爆性强,是非常有前途的替代能源。甲醇的理化特性比较接近汽油,可以作为点燃式发动机的替代燃料。以往甲醇多以天然气、煤炭和多种有机物作为原料,但是近年来随着生物质转换技术的发展,由植物制取甲醇已成为现实,甲醇也成为一种可再生资源。目前一般是将甲醇与普通汽油进行调和,制成甲醇汽油使用。虽然将甲醇与汽油调和使用可以减少汽车尾气的排放,同时使辛烷值升高、抗爆性增强,但是甲醇汽油也存在诸多技术问题。首先,甲醇的极性极强,容易吸水,当甲醇汽油中的甲醇含量较高时,容易出现吸水分层;其次,甲醇对橡胶部件具有溶胀性,使得汽车供油系统的橡胶部件发生溶胀、软化、龟裂;最后,甲醇对金属也有一定的腐蚀性,会对发动机造成永久损害,影响行车安全。以上这些技术难题都制约了甲醇汽油的大规模使用。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题,提供了一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油及其制备方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,包括甲醇、汽油、石墨、纳米氧化镁、天然油脂、表面改性剂、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂、氢氧化钠、硫酸,所述甲醇汽油各组分按重量份数的配比为:甲醇70—85份、汽油25—50份、石墨3—6份、纳米氧化镁5—10份、天然油脂8—12、表面改性剂9—14份、抗爆剂4—6份、抗溶胀剂7—14份、氢氧化钠30—40份、硫酸30—50份。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述天然油脂为棕榈油、椰子油的一种或两种的任意比例混合物。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述表面改性剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸钠的一种或两种的混合物。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述抗爆剂包括丁酮、丙三醇和叔丁醇的两种或两种以上的混合物。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述抗溶胀剂为硫化烷基酚钙、硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐、石油磺酸钠的两种或两种以上的混合物。
一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将石墨放入球磨机,加入一部分氢氧化钠进行研磨,过200目筛,得到石墨-氢氧化钠的混合液A,将剩下部分的氢氧化钠加入到混合液A中,在40~70℃下进行水浴超声振荡2~4小时,冷却过滤后水洗、压缩、干燥得到预处理石墨;
S2、取预处理石墨与质量分数为98%的硫酸溶液混合均匀后装入烧瓶中,将烧瓶置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡1~2小时,反应结束后加水稀释并过滤、水洗压缩、干燥,得到改性石墨;改性石墨可作为天然油脂与甲醇反应的催化剂,消耗甲醇,使甲醇生成酯,同时利用酯上的极性官能团,提高在金属表面的吸附性能,形成物理吸附膜,改善润滑效果;
S3、取天然油脂与一部分甲醇混合均匀,加入所述改性石墨,置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡1.5~3小时,得到混合液B;其中天然油脂与甲醇在改性石墨的催化下发生酯化反应,生成的产物含有天然油脂衍生物棕榈油甲酯、椰子油甲酯等脂肪酸甲酯、甘油,还包含少部分未反应的甲醇;而天然衍生物的亲油性强于亲水性,在相界面与汽油结合的能力强,可进一步阻止汽油中某些组分与甲醇分子形成低沸点的共沸物,形成的分子间氢键及低沸点共沸物的减少可以大大降低甲醇汽油的饱和蒸汽压,使得甲醇汽油具有低的饱和蒸汽压,无高温气阻问题;此外,天然油脂衍生物还是一种理想的甲醇汽油稳定剂,能有效促进甲醇和汽油的互溶,从而解决甲醇汽油存在的低温分层问题;另外,天然油脂衍生物自含氧,也能促进甲醇汽油进行充分燃烧,降低尾气排放;
S4、将纳米氧化镁放入球磨机,加入表面改性剂进行研磨,对纳米氧化镁进行表面改性处理,研磨时间2.5~4小时,反应结束后过滤、水洗、压缩、干燥得到经表面改性处理的改性纳米氧化镁;改性纳米氧化镁作为螯合剂使用,与金属离子反应生成金属螯合物附着在金属油箱表面,进一步抑制了甲醇对油箱的腐蚀;
S5、取剩下的甲醇、汽油、混合液B、改性纳米氧化镁、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂放入剪切搅拌机中进行搅拌混匀,搅拌1~2.5小时,静置得到甲醇汽油。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中改性石墨可作为天然油脂与甲醇反应的催化剂,消耗甲醇,使甲醇生成酯,同时利用酯上的极性官能团,提高在金属表面的吸附性能,形成物理吸附膜,改善润滑效果;天然衍生物的亲油性强于亲水性,在相界面与汽油结合的能力强,可进一步阻止汽油中某些组分与甲醇分子形成低沸点的共沸物,形成的分子间氢键及低沸点共沸物的减少可以大大降低甲醇汽油的饱和蒸汽压,使得甲醇汽油具有低的饱和蒸汽压,无高温气阻问题,此外,天然油脂衍生物还是一种理想的甲醇汽油稳定剂,能有效促进甲醇和汽油的互溶,从而解决甲醇汽油存在的低温分层问题,另外,天然油脂衍生物自含氧,也能促进甲醇汽油进行充分燃烧,降低尾气排放;改性纳米氧化镁作为螯合剂使用,与金属离子反应生成金属螯合物附着在金属油箱表面,进一步抑制了甲醇对油箱的腐蚀。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例,对发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,包括甲醇、汽油、石墨、纳米氧化镁、天然油脂、表面改性剂、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂、氢氧化钠、硫酸,所述甲醇汽油各组分按重量份数的配比为:甲醇70份、汽油50份、石墨3份、纳米氧化镁5份、天然油脂8份、表面改性剂9份、抗爆剂4份、抗溶胀剂7份、氢氧化钠30份、硫酸30份。
其中,所述天然油脂中棕榈油、椰子油按重量份数的配比为棕榈油1份、椰子油1份;
其中,所述表面改性剂中硬脂酸、硬脂酸钠按重量份数的配比为硬脂酸1份、硬脂酸钠1份;
其中,所述抗爆剂中丁酮、丙三醇按重量份数的配比为丁酮2份、丙三醇1份;
其中,所述抗溶胀剂中硫化烷基酚钙、硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐按重量份数的配比为硫化烷基酚钙3份、硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐2份;
其中,所述的高清洁车用甲醇汽油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将3份石墨放入球磨机,加入5份氢氧化钠进行研磨,过200目筛,得到石墨-氢氧化钠的混合液A,将剩下25份氢氧化钠加入到混合液A中,在40~70℃下进行水浴超声振荡2小时,冷却过滤后水洗、压缩、干燥得到预处理石墨;
S2、取预处理石墨与30份质量分数为98%的硫酸溶液混合均匀后装入烧瓶中,将烧瓶置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡1小时,反应结束后加水稀释并过滤、水洗压缩、干燥,得到改性石墨;
S3、取8份天然油脂与12份甲醇混合均匀,加入所述改性石墨,置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡1.5小时,得到混合液B;
S4、将5份纳米氧化镁放入球磨机,加入9份表面改性剂进行研磨,对纳米氧化镁进行表面改性处理,研磨时间2.5~4小时,反应结束后过滤、水洗、压缩、干燥得到经表面改性处理的改性纳米氧化镁;
S5、取剩下的58份甲醇、50份汽油、混合液B、改性纳米氧化镁、4份抗爆剂、7份抗溶胀剂放入剪切搅拌机中进行搅拌混匀,搅拌1~2.5小时,静置得到甲醇汽油。
实施例2
一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,包括甲醇、汽油、石墨、纳米氧化镁、天然油脂、表面改性剂、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂、氢氧化钠、硫酸,所述甲醇汽油各组分按重量份数的配比为:甲醇80份、汽油35份、石墨4.5份、纳米氧化镁7.5份、天然油脂10份、表面改性剂12份、抗爆剂5份、抗溶胀剂10份、氢氧化钠35份、硫酸40份。
其中,所述天然油脂中棕榈油、椰子油按重量份数的配比为棕榈油2份、椰子油1份;
其中,所述表面改性剂为硬脂酸12份;
其中,所述抗爆剂中丁酮、丙三醇按重量份数的配比为丁酮2份、叔丁醇3份;
其中,所述抗溶胀剂中硫化烷基酚钙、石油磺酸钠按重量份数的配比为硫化烷基酚钙3份、石油磺酸钠1份;
其中,所述的高清洁车用甲醇汽油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将4.5份石墨放入球磨机,加入10份氢氧化钠进行研磨,过200目筛,得到石墨-氢氧化钠的混合液A,将剩下25份氢氧化钠加入到混合液A中,在40~70℃下进行水浴超声振荡3小时,冷却过滤后水洗、压缩、干燥得到预处理石墨;
S2、取预处理石墨与40份质量分数为98%的硫酸溶液混合均匀后装入烧瓶中,将烧瓶置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡2小时,反应结束后加水稀释并过滤、水洗压缩、干燥,得到改性石墨;
S3、取10份天然油脂与16甲醇混合均匀,加入所述改性石墨,置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡2小时,得到混合液B;
S4、将7.5份纳米氧化镁放入球磨机,加入12份表面改性剂进行研磨,对纳米氧化镁进行表面改性处理,研磨时间3小时,反应结束后过滤、水洗、压缩、干燥得到经表面改性处理的改性纳米氧化镁;
S5、取剩下的64份甲醇、35份汽油、混合液B、改性纳米氧化镁、5份抗爆剂、10份抗溶胀剂放入剪切搅拌机中进行搅拌混匀,搅拌1~2.5小时,静置得到甲醇汽油。
实施例3
一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,包括甲醇、汽油、石墨、纳米氧化镁、天然油脂、表面改性剂、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂、氢氧化钠、硫酸,所述甲醇汽油各组分按重量份数的配比为:甲醇85份、汽油25份、石墨6份、纳米氧化镁10份、天然油脂12份、表面改性剂15份、抗爆剂6份、抗溶胀剂14份、氢氧化钠40份、硫酸50份。
其中,所述天然油脂中棕榈油、椰子油按重量份数的配比为棕榈油5份、椰子油3份;
其中,所述表面改性剂为硬脂酸钠15份;
其中,所述抗爆剂中丁酮、丙三醇、叔丁醇按重量份数的配比为丁酮1份、丙三醇1份、叔丁醇1份;
其中,所述抗溶胀剂中硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐、石油磺酸钠按重量份数的配比为硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐2份、石油磺酸钠3份;
其中,所述的高清洁车用甲醇汽油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将6份石墨放入球磨机,加入18份氢氧化钠进行研磨,过200目筛,得到石墨-氢氧化钠的混合液A,将剩下22份氢氧化钠加入到混合液A中,在40~70℃下进行水浴超声振荡4小时,冷却过滤后水洗、压缩、干燥得到预处理石墨;
S2、取预处理石墨与50份质量分数为98%的硫酸溶液混合均匀后装入烧瓶中,将烧瓶置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡2小时,反应结束后加水稀释并过滤、水洗压缩、干燥,得到改性石墨;
S3、取12份天然油脂与25甲醇混合均匀,加入所述改性石墨,置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡3小时,得到混合液B;
S4、将10份纳米氧化镁放入球磨机,加入15份表面改性剂进行研磨,对纳米氧化镁进行表面改性处理,研磨时间4小时,反应结束后过滤、水洗、压缩、干燥得到经表面改性处理的改性纳米氧化镁;
S5、取剩下的60份甲醇、25份汽油、混合液B、改性纳米氧化镁、6份抗爆剂、14份抗溶胀剂放入剪切搅拌机中进行搅拌混匀,搅拌1~2.5小时,静置得到甲醇汽油。
最后应说明的是:这些实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不限制本发明的范围。此外,对于所属领域的技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。

Claims (6)

1.一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,其特征在于:包括甲醇、汽油、石墨、纳米氧化镁、天然油脂、表面改性剂、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂、氢氧化钠、硫酸,所述甲醇汽油各组分按重量份数的配比为:甲醇70—85份、汽油25—50份、石墨3—6份、纳米氧化镁5—10份、天然油脂8—12、表面改性剂9—14份、抗爆剂4—6份、抗溶胀剂7—14份、氢氧化钠30—40份、硫酸30—50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述天然油脂为棕榈油、椰子油的一种或两种的任意比例混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述表面改性剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸钠的一种或两种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述抗爆剂包括丁酮、丙三醇和叔丁醇的两种或两种以上的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高清洁车用甲醇汽油,其特征在于:所述抗溶胀剂为硫化烷基酚钙、硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐、石油磺酸钠的两种或两种以上的混合物。
6.如权利要求1~5任一项所述的高清洁车用甲醇汽油的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、将石墨放入球磨机,加入一部分氢氧化钠进行研磨,过200目筛,得到石墨-氢氧化钠的混合液A,将剩下部分的氢氧化钠加入到混合液A中,在40~70℃下进行水浴超声振荡2~4小时,冷却过滤后水洗、压缩、干燥得到预处理石墨;
S2、取预处理石墨与质量分数为98%的硫酸溶液混合均匀后装入烧瓶中,将烧瓶置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡1~2小时,反应结束后加水稀释并过滤、水洗压缩、干燥,得到改性石墨;
S3、取天然油脂与一部分甲醇混合均匀,加入所述改性石墨,置于水浴超声仪中进行水浴超声振荡1.5~3小时,得到混合液B;
S4、将纳米氧化镁放入球磨机,加入表面改性剂进行研磨,对纳米氧化镁进行表面改性处理,研磨时间2.5~4小时,反应结束后过滤、水洗、压缩、干燥得到经表面改性处理的改性纳米氧化镁;
S5、取剩下的甲醇、汽油、混合液B、改性纳米氧化镁、抗爆剂、抗溶胀剂放入剪切搅拌机中进行搅拌混匀,搅拌1~2.5小时,静置得到甲醇汽油。
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