CN111046535B - Laser processing heat distribution calculation method - Google Patents
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- CN111046535B CN111046535B CN201911166561.8A CN201911166561A CN111046535B CN 111046535 B CN111046535 B CN 111046535B CN 201911166561 A CN201911166561 A CN 201911166561A CN 111046535 B CN111046535 B CN 111046535B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly discloses a laser processing heat distribution calculation method which comprises the steps of (1) selecting a substrate and defining physical parameters of the substrate; (2) Setting the initial temperature of the substrate, establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system on the substrate, and determining the initial conditions of the substrate; (3) Defining physical parameters of the laser beam, and setting the energy distribution of the laser beam to be loaded in a Gaussian distribution heat flow density mode; (4) And vertically irradiating the laser beam on the surface of the substrate, moving the laser beam to load through the boundary condition of a surface heat source, determining the external condition of the laser beam irradiation, and the like. According to the laser processing heat distribution calculation method, the laser beams are loaded on the substrate in the form of Gaussian distribution heat flux density, the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model is established, and the heat distribution condition of the substrate is calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser processing heat distribution calculation method.
Background
According to the interaction mechanism of the laser beam and the material, the laser processing can be roughly divided into laser thermal processing and photochemical reaction processing, wherein the laser thermal processing refers to the processing process completed by utilizing the heat effect generated by projecting the laser beam on the surface of the material, and the laser thermal processing comprises laser welding, laser engraving and cutting, surface modification, laser marking, laser drilling, micromachining and the like.
In order to simplify the heat source expression of laser irradiation on the material surface, the integral average value of the heat distribution on the heat source irradiation area is usually adopted to replace the real heat source distribution in the area (refer to "advanced laser manufacturing technology and its application", national defense industry press, edited by 2016 yu steel, etc.), which causes model errors, and thus accurate heat source distribution cannot be calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a laser processing heat distribution calculation method.
A laser processing heat distribution calculation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a substrate and defining physical parameters of the substrate, wherein the physical parameters of the substrate at least comprise thickness X, surface radius R, density rho, specific heat capacity c, thermal conductivity kappa and melting point K 1 ；
(2) Setting the initial temperature of the substrate to T a And establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system on the substrate, wherein the initial conditions of the substrate are as follows: t (x, y, z) & gtnon & gt t＝0 ＝T a ；
(3) Defining physical parameters of laser beam including laser power P and beam radius r b Setting the energy distribution of the laser beam to be loaded in the form of Gaussian distribution heat flux density, and meeting the following requirements:
wherein α is the absorption coefficient of the substrate;
(4) The laser beam is vertically irradiated on the surface of the substrate, and is moved to load through the boundary condition of a surface heat source, so that the following conditions are met:
s belongs to omega; the boundary outside the laser irradiation region Ω is in contact with air, and the external conditions of laser beam irradiation are:
wherein the thermal conductivity is k = D · ρ c, D is diffusivity, Ω is laser irradiation region range, h c The heat dissipation coefficient of the surface of the substrate;
(5) Determining a three-dimensional thermal conductivity model, and performing conversion calculation on the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model; the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model satisfies the following conditions:
wherein t is the laser beam irradiation time;
(6) And calling Matlab software to perform numerical experiments.
Further, the step (5) of performing conversion calculation on the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model includes:
(501) The expansion is calculated as:
(502) Converting the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model into a cylindrical coordinate form model:
further, the step (6) comprises the following steps:
(601) Assigning experiment parameters including material, size, physical parameters, absorption coefficient alpha and initial temperature T of the substrate a And physical parameters of the laser beam;
(602) And filling the numerical values into Matlab software for calculation and outputting a simulation result.
Further, the step (601) further includes setting the laser irradiation time t and the time step Δ t.
Further, in the step (601), the substrate is made of 316 stainless steel, the thickness X of the substrate is 0.3mm, the surface radius R of the substrate is 0.03mm, and the density rho of the substrate is 8 multiplied by 10 3 kg/m 3 The substrate has a specific heat capacity c of 500J/(kg. Multidot.K), a thermal conductivity κ of 21.5W/(m. Multidot.K), and a melting point K of the substrate 1 1673K, absorption coefficient of the substrate alpha of 1, initial temperature of the substrate T a Is 20 ℃;
laser powerP is 200W and the beam radius r b Is 0.5mm.
Further, the laser irradiation time t was 0.001 second, and the time step Δ t was 0.0001 second.
According to the laser processing heat distribution calculation method, the laser beams are loaded on the substrate in the form of Gaussian distribution heat flux density, a three-dimensional heat conduction model is established, cylindrical coordinates are introduced according to the propagation characteristics of the laser beams, the three-dimensional problem is converted into a two-dimensional problem, and the heat distribution condition of the substrate is calculated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a method of calculating a laser processing heat distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional coordinate diagram of a laser processing thermal distribution calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an experimental simulation diagram of a laser processing thermal distribution calculation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a laser processing heat distribution calculation method, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
step S101: selecting a substrate and defining physical parameters of the substrate, wherein the physical parameters of the substrate at least comprise thickness X, surface radius R, density rho, specific heat capacity c, thermal conductivity kappa and melting point K 1 。
Density ρ, specific heat capacity c, thermal conductivity κ and melting point K 1 The material of the substrate is selected, and the substrate of the present embodiment can be selected according to different requirements.
Step S102: setting the initial temperature of the substrate to T a And establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system on the substrate, and determining the initial conditions of the substrate as follows: t (x, y, z) & gtLily t＝0 ＝T a 。
x, y and z respectively represent an x axis, a y axis and a z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and are specifically established as shown in FIG. 2.
Step S103: defining physical parameters of laser beam including laser power P and beam radius r b Setting the energy distribution of the laser beam to be loaded in the form of Gaussian distribution heat flux density, and meeting the following requirements:
where α is the absorption coefficient of the substrate.
The embodiment of the invention sets the energy distribution of the laser beam as Gaussian distribution, namely, the energy distribution meets the following requirements:
therefore, the energy distribution of the laser beam is loaded in the form of Gaussian distribution heat flux density to meet the requirement
Step S104: the laser beam is vertically irradiated on the surface of the substrate, and the laser beam is moved to load through the boundary condition of a surface heat source, so that the following conditions are met:
s belongs to omega; the boundary outside the laser irradiation region Ω is in contact with air, and the external conditions of laser beam irradiation are:
wherein the thermal conductivity is k = D · ρ c, D is the diffusivity of the substrate, Ω is the laser irradiation region range, h c Is the heat dissipation coefficient of the substrate surface.
This step determines the boundary conditions and external conditions of the laser beam loading, respectively
s∈Ω，
Step S105: determining a three-dimensional thermal conductivity model, and performing conversion calculation on the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model; the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model satisfies the following conditions:
where t is the laser beam irradiation time.
With reference to steps S101 to S104, determining a three-dimensional thermal conductivity model by using all the limiting conditions, and performing conversion calculation on the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model, specifically:
step S1051: the expansion is calculated as:
step S1052: converting the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model into a cylindrical coordinate form model:
step S106: and calling Matlab software to perform a numerical experiment.
Specifically, step S106 includes:
step S1061: assigning experiment parameters including material, size, physical parameters, absorption coefficient alpha and initial temperature T of the substrate a And physical parameters of the laser beam;
step S1062: and filling the numerical values into Matlab software for calculation and outputting a simulation result.
Specifically, step S1061 of this embodiment further includes setting the laser irradiation time t and the time step Δ t.
Specifically, in step S1061 of this embodiment, the step of assigning the experimental parameters may be: the substrate is made of 316 stainless steel, the thickness X of the substrate is 0.3mm, the surface radius R of the substrate is 0.03mm, and the density rho of the substrate is 8 multiplied by 10 3 kg/m 3 The substrate has a specific heat capacity c of 500J/(kg. K), a thermal conductivity κ of 21.5W/(m. K), and a melting point K of the substrate 1 1673K, an absorption coefficient alpha of the substrate of 1, and an initial temperature T of the substrate a Is 20 ℃; laser power P is 200W, beam radius r b 0.5mm, the laser irradiation time t was 0.001 second, and the time step Δ t was 0.0001 second.
As shown in fig. 3, the temperature distribution of the substrate irradiated by the laser beam in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, and it can be known from the experimental result that the temperature of the 316 stainless steel substrate is significantly changed (purple portion) only in the laser-affected region, that is, the region near the radius r of 0, while the temperatures of the other regions (blue portions) relatively far away from the laser-affected region are substantially unchanged and maintained as the initial temperature.
According to the laser processing heat distribution calculation method, the laser beams are loaded on the substrate in the form of Gaussian distribution heat flux density, a three-dimensional heat conduction model is established, cylindrical coordinates are introduced according to the propagation characteristics of the laser beams, the three-dimensional problem is converted into a two-dimensional problem, and the heat distribution condition of the substrate is calculated.
The present invention has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications made to the above-described embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this specification are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A laser processing heat distribution calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting a substrate and defining physical parameters of the substrate, wherein the physical parameters of the substrate at least comprise thickness X, surface radius R, density rho, specific heat capacity c, thermal conductivity kappa and melting point K 1 ；
(2) Setting the initial temperature of the substrate to T a And establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system on the substrate, wherein the initial conditions of the substrate are as follows: t (x, y, z) & gtnon & gt t＝0 ＝T a ；
(3) Defining physical parameters of laser beam including laser power P and beam radius r b Setting the energy distribution of the laser beam to be loaded in the form of Gaussian distribution heat flux density, and meeting the following requirements:
wherein α is the absorption coefficient of the substrate; wherein q (r) represents the energy distribution of the laser beam, and r represents the distance from a point on the substrate to the origin of coordinates;
(4) The laser beam is vertically irradiated on the surface of the substrate, and the laser beam is moved to load through the boundary condition of a surface heat source, so that the following conditions are met:
the boundary outside the laser irradiation region omega is connected with airThe external conditions of laser beam irradiation are as follows:
wherein the thermal conductivity is k = D · ρ c, D is a diffusivity, Ω is a laser irradiation region range, h c The heat dissipation coefficient of the substrate surface is used;
(5) Determining a three-dimensional thermal conductivity model, and performing conversion calculation on the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model; the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model satisfies:
wherein t is the laser beam irradiation time;
(6) Calling Matlab software to carry out a numerical experiment;
the converting and calculating the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model in the step (5) comprises:
(501) The expansion is calculated as:
(502) Converting the three-dimensional thermal conductivity model into a cylindrical coordinate form model:
2. a laser machining heat distribution calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the step (6) includes:
(601) Assigning experiment parameters including material, size, physical property parameters, absorption coefficient alpha and initial temperature T of the substrate a And a physical parameter of the laser beam;
(602) And filling the numerical values into Matlab software for calculation and outputting a simulation result.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step (601) further comprises setting a laser irradiation time t and a time step Δ t.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the substrate in the step (601) is made of 316 stainless steel, the substrate has a thickness X of 0.3mm, a surface radius R of 0.03mm, and a density p of 8X 10 3 kg/m 3 The substrate has a specific heat capacity c of 500J/(kg.K), a thermal conductivity κ of 21.5W/(m.K), and a melting point K 1 1673K, the absorption coefficient alpha of the substrate is 1, and the initial temperature T of the substrate a Is 20 ℃;
the laser power P is 200W, and the radius r of the light beam b Is 0.5mm.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the laser irradiation time t is 0.001 seconds, and the time step Δ t is 0.0001 seconds.
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| CN113369694B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-06-07 | 西安交通大学 | Double-beam coupling laser additive forming method and device |
| CN114248022B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-11-10 | 富联裕展科技(深圳)有限公司 | Laser drilling method for plate, laser control system and storage medium |
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